A photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device based on an internet of things, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation monitoring, comprising a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a power management module; the power management module is connected with a photovoltaic module cell panel; the data acquisition module is connected with the data transmission module through a UART interface; the data acquisition module comprises a temperature and humidity sensor and a CC2530 controller; the data transmission module comprises a ZigBee wireless communication unit and a gateway unit; the data processing module comprises a central controller; the data transmission module is connected with the data processing module through an Ethernet or a GPRS module. The application effectively solves the problems of unstable transmission, non-comprehensive monitoring range and high power consumption in the prior art, and significantly improves the applicability and reliability of the photovoltaic module monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation monitoring technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] The IoT-based real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules is an intelligent device that uses sensors, communication modules, and a data processing platform to monitor the operating status of photovoltaic modules (such as current, voltage, temperature, and irradiance) in real time. The device can transmit the collected data to the cloud via wireless networks (such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, or 5G) and, with the help of big data and AI analysis technology, provide functions such as fault warning, performance optimization, and remote management, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and operation and maintenance capabilities of the photovoltaic system.

[0003] With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation technology and the continuous expansion of photovoltaic power plant scale, the demand for intelligent and real-time monitoring of photovoltaic modules is increasing. Through Internet of Things (IoT) technology, real-time data monitoring and remote management of photovoltaic modules can be realized, timely detection of equipment failures, performance degradation or external environmental impacts can be achieved, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems, extending equipment life, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and ensuring the stability and safety of the system.

[0004] However, current photovoltaic module monitoring systems typically employ short-range wireless communication, which is ill-suited to complex geographical conditions and harsh climates. The stability and distance of data transmission are insufficient to meet the needs of large-scale photovoltaic power plants, easily leading to data interruptions or loss. This limits the practical application effectiveness of the monitoring system. Most monitoring equipment relies on battery power, resulting in high power consumption and requiring frequent battery replacements, increasing maintenance costs and reducing the system's practicality and sustainability. Current photovoltaic module monitoring systems usually only focus on collecting electrical parameters, with insufficient coverage of environmental parameter monitoring. This prevents the system from promptly detecting module failures caused by environmental factors, limiting the system's early warning capabilities and impacting the safety and operational efficiency of photovoltaic power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the challenges of existing photovoltaic (PV) module monitoring systems that typically employ short-range wireless communication, making them ill-suited for complex geographical conditions and harsh climates, and whose data transmission stability and distance fail to meet the demands of large-scale PV power plants, leading to data interruptions or loss and limiting the practical application of the monitoring system, this invention provides a real-time PV module monitoring device based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This device addresses the limitations of current PV module monitoring systems, which rely heavily on battery power, requiring frequent battery replacements, increasing maintenance costs, and reducing system usability and sustainability. Furthermore, current PV module monitoring systems often focus solely on collecting electrical parameters, neglecting environmental parameter monitoring, which hinders the timely detection of module failures caused by environmental factors, limiting the system's early warning capabilities and impacting the safety and operational efficiency of PV power plants.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things, comprising: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, and a power management module;

[0008] The power management module is connected to the photovoltaic module panels and is used to provide energy to the IoT-based photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device.

[0009] The data acquisition module connects to the data transmission module via a UART interface;

[0010] The data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a CC2530 controller. The data acquisition module is used to collect ambient temperature and humidity data around the photovoltaic module.

[0011] The data transmission module includes a ZigBee wireless communication unit and a gateway unit;

[0012] The data processing module includes a central controller, which is used to receive, process, and store data;

[0013] The data transmission module connects to the network via Ethernet or GPRS.

[0014] The data processing module is connected to receive the ambient temperature and humidity data uploaded by the data transmission module, processes the ambient temperature and humidity data, and outputs the photovoltaic module operation information.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0016] This invention employs a combined communication mode of ZigBee wireless communication unit, gateway unit, GPRS, and Ethernet, enabling data transmission over long distances to meet the remote transmission needs of large-scale photovoltaic power plants. It ensures stable data transmission even in complex geographical conditions and harsh environments, reducing the risk of data loss and improving the system's applicability in distributed photovoltaic power plants. The power management module enables a sustainable power supply mode primarily powered by solar energy from the photovoltaic modules, ensuring continuous operation of the equipment in unattended environments, significantly reducing power consumption, thereby decreasing the frequency of battery replacements and lowering maintenance costs. Temperature and humidity sensors allow for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters around the photovoltaic modules, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of their operating status, improving the accuracy of early warnings, and promptly detecting module anomalies caused by temperature and humidity fluctuations for targeted maintenance, thus enhancing the safety and overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic power plant. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bipedal walking robot capable of standing upright, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a temperature and humidity sensor provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the CC2530 controller provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A circuit connection diagram of a ZigBee wireless communication module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 The circuit connection diagram of the power management module and the CC2530 controller provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also use other alternative methods to implement the invention; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that embodiments referred to in the specification as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0025] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0026] It is understood that the meanings of “on”, “above”, and “above” in this invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with an intervening feature or layer, and that “above” or “above” means not only “on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something without an intervening feature or layer.

[0027] Furthermore, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” are used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device other than those depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein can be interpreted similarly.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things, including: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, and a power management module;

[0029] The power management module is connected to the photovoltaic module panels and is used to provide energy to the IoT-based photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device.

[0030] The data acquisition module connects to the data transmission module via a UART interface;

[0031] The data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a CC2530 controller. The data acquisition module is used to collect ambient temperature and humidity data around the photovoltaic module.

[0032] The data transmission module includes a ZigBee wireless communication unit and a gateway unit;

[0033] The data processing module includes a central controller, which is used to receive, process, and store data;

[0034] The data transmission module is connected to the data processing module via an Ethernet or GPRS module. The data processing module is used to receive the ambient temperature and humidity data uploaded by the data transmission module, process the ambient temperature and humidity data, and output the photovoltaic module operation information.

[0035] The data acquisition module uses a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to collect the temperature and humidity around the photovoltaic modules. The DHT11 sensor is connected to the P0_1 pin of the CC2530 control platform via a single bus interface. The sensor converts the collected data into digital signals and transmits them to the control platform via a serial interface. The CC2530 controller, as the core controller of the data acquisition module, receives and initially processes the sensor data. It is connected to the ZigBee wireless communication module via a UART interface to transmit the collected temperature and humidity data to the intermediate transmission end. The CC2530 controller operates in low-power mode and is provided with 3.3V by the power management module to ensure long-term stable operation. The ZigBee unit of the data transmission module is connected to the CC2530 controller via a UART interface. It uses the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol for low-power data transmission. Through the ZigBee multi-hop network, each acquisition node in the system can transmit data to the gateway module step by step. The ZigBee module has self-organizing network capability and can automatically form a stable communication link under complex geographical conditions. The gateway module of the data transmission module is responsible for receiving data from each front-end acquisition node in the ZigBee network. This module is connected to the ZigBee module via an RS485 interface and uploads the aggregated data to the central control system via Ethernet or GPRS. The gateway module also has a data caching function, which can temporarily store data when the network is interrupted to avoid data loss. The data processing module, also known as the data processing and control terminal, includes a central control system. It receives and analyzes data uploaded from the data transmission module, monitors the real-time operating status of the photovoltaic modules, and automatically generates alarm information when anomalies are detected. The central control unit of the data processing module receives and analyzes environmental data from the gateway module in real time. When the system detects that temperature and humidity parameters exceed set thresholds, it automatically generates an alarm notification and sends it to the terminal equipment of maintenance personnel. The central control system supports long-term data storage and historical data analysis, and can generate operating reports for the photovoltaic modules, facilitating management decisions by maintenance personnel. The power management module connects to the photovoltaic panels and uses a maximum power point tracking algorithm to optimize the output of the solar panels, ensuring optimal charging efficiency even under low light conditions. The power management module provides a stable 3.3V voltage to the CC2530 controller and ZigBee unit. When sunlight is insufficient, the power management module automatically switches to backup lithium batteries for power supply, ensuring stable operation of the system in any environment. The battery management chip built into the power management module monitors the battery status, preventing over-discharge from affecting the system.

[0036] It should be noted that the power management module connects to the photovoltaic panels, enabling sustainable power supply and reducing reliance on battery replacement. The data acquisition module integrates temperature and humidity sensors, allowing real-time acquisition of environmental parameters around the photovoltaic modules for more comprehensive monitoring. The data transmission module uses a combination of ZigBee and gateway units to support long-distance transmission, while Ethernet or GPRS modules ensure stable data transmission. The central controller intelligently analyzes the received environmental data, providing photovoltaic module operating status information, thereby improving system reliability and operating efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, the energy used to provide the IoT-based real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules specifically includes:

[0038] When the light intensity is greater than the preset light intensity, the power management module provides energy to the IoT-based photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device through the maximum power point tracking algorithm; otherwise, it automatically switches to the backup lithium battery to provide energy to the IoT-based photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device.

[0039] It should be noted that the power management module dynamically adjusts the power supply of the photovoltaic modules through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to achieve efficient energy utilization. It provides stable power when the light intensity is sufficient and automatically switches to backup lithium battery power supply when the light intensity is insufficient, ensuring continuous operation of the equipment and avoiding data acquisition interruption and system failure. This intelligent power management effectively reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves the reliability and applicability of the monitoring device in harsh environments.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the P0_1 pin of the CC2530 controller via a single-bus interface.

[0041] It should be noted that connecting the temperature and humidity sensor to the P0_1 pin of the CC2530 controller via a single-bus interface simplifies the hardware connection, reduces wiring complexity and interface resource usage, and improves the system's integration and reliability. At the same time, the single-bus interface provides stable data transmission and strong anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for achieving efficient data acquisition in complex environments.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the VDD pin of the temperature and humidity sensor and the VDD pin of the CC2530 controller are respectively connected to the power supply of the power management module; the VDD pin of the CC2530 controller is connected to the single-bus interface through a resistor.

[0043] The GND pin of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to ground.

[0044] It should be noted that the circuit connection design of the temperature and humidity sensor connects the VDD pin of the temperature and humidity sensor and the VDD pin of the CC2530 controller to the power supply of the power management module, which effectively ensures the stable power supply of the CC2530 controller and the temperature sensor. The design of connecting to the single bus with a resistor reduces the current surge, while the GND pin is grounded to provide a stable negative power supply, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature and humidity data acquisition and the working stability of the sensor.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the CC2530 controller is connected to the ZigBee wireless communication unit via a UART interface.

[0046] It should be noted that the UART interface connection between the CC2530 controller and the ZigBee wireless communication unit enables efficient communication for multi-layer data transmission. The UART interface connection ensures the data transmission speed and reliability between the CC2530 controller and the ZigBee unit, making it suitable for low-power transmission requirements.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the ZigBee wireless communication unit transmits data step-by-step to the gateway unit via the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol.

[0048] It should be noted that the ZigBee wireless communication unit transmits data to the gateway unit step by step through the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which has low power consumption and high anti-interference capability, ensuring stable and reliable data transmission, and is suitable for the monitoring needs of photovoltaic power plants in long-distance and complex environments.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the gateway unit is connected to the ZigBee wireless communication unit via an RS485 interface, and the gateway unit is used to temporarily store data when the network is unstable.

[0050] It should be noted that the RS485 interface connection offers advantages such as strong anti-interference capability and suitability for long-distance communication, enabling the gateway to stably collect and forward data, improving the system's reliability and data transmission stability in complex environments. The gateway unit temporarily stores data when the network is unstable, effectively preventing data loss and ensuring the integrity and continuity of monitoring system data, thereby improving system reliability and real-time performance.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the CC2530 controller includes a power supply unit, a clock unit, a data communication unit, a wireless communication unit, a reset circuit unit, and a common ground connection unit.

[0052] The power supply unit includes the DVDD pin, AVDD_DREG pin, AVDD_SOC pin, DVDD_USB pin, AVDD_GUARD pin, AVDD1 pin, AVDD2 pin, AVDD3 pin, AVDD4 pin, DCOUPL pin, first capacitor, second capacitor, third capacitor, fourth capacitor, fifth capacitor, sixth capacitor, seventh capacitor, eighth capacitor, fourteenth capacitor and eleventh inductor;

[0053] The clock unit includes the XOSC32M_Q1 pin, the XOSC32M_Q2 pin, the Y1 crystal oscillator, the seventeenth capacitor, and the eighteenth capacitor;

[0054] The data communication unit includes a UART interface, a single-bus interface, an SPI interface, an analog communication interface, a GPIO interface, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, and a Y2 crystal oscillator;

[0055] The wireless communication unit includes an RF_P pin, an RF_N pin, an RBIAS pin, a resistor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, a second inductor, a third inductor, and an SMA interface.

[0056] The reset circuit unit includes the RESET_N pin;

[0057] The common ground connection unit includes a GND pin;

[0058] The XOSC32M_Q1 pin is connected to the XOSC32M_Q2 pin via the Y1 crystal oscillator;

[0059] The UART interface includes pins P0_2 and P0_3. Pin P0_2 is connected to the RX pin of the ZigBee wireless communication unit, and pin P0_3 is connected to the TX pin of the ZigBee wireless communication unit.

[0060] The single-bus interface includes a P0_1 pin, which is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0061] The SPI interface includes pins P1_4, P1_5, P1_6, and P1_7.

[0062] The analog communication interface includes pins P0_4 and P0_5;

[0063] The RF_P and RF_N pins are connected to the SMA antenna interface.

[0064] Among them, the first to the eighteenth capacitors correspond to the ones in the instruction manual. Figure 2 C1 to C18 in the series.

[0065] It should be noted that by properly configuring the various units of the CC2530 controller, the system can operate efficiently in terms of power management, clock control, data communication, and wireless communication. Precise pin connections and the coordination of capacitors and inductors ensure signal stability and high system performance, improving overall anti-interference capability and data transmission reliability.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the ZigBee wireless communication unit transmits data to the ZigBee node device via wireless communication.

[0067] It should be noted that ZigBee technology can maintain stable communication in complex environments, making it particularly suitable for large-scale IoT applications. It can effectively reduce wiring costs and improve system flexibility and scalability.

[0068] In practical applications, ZigBee communication works as follows: After collecting data, the terminal device wirelessly transmits the data to the bus module. The bus module then transmits the data to the ZigBee module via a UART interface. The ZigBee module then transmits the data to the ZigBee node device via a wireless protocol, enabling remote data monitoring and transmission. The entire process is powered by the power module, facilitating wireless data transmission between the terminal device and the remote node device. The terminal device refers to the data acquisition terminal that communicates with the entire monitoring system wirelessly. The bus module is the system's data interface module, wirelessly connected to the terminal device, used to collect data transmitted from the terminal device and transmit it to the ZigBee module via a UART interface. The ZigBee wireless communication module is responsible for wireless data transmission, receiving data from the bus module via a UART interface and then transmitting it to the remote ZigBee node device via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol. The power module provides a stable power supply for the entire system. The ZigBee node device is the receiving device, receiving data sent from the ZigBee module.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the power supply, voltage regulator, and first filter capacitor are connected in series, and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the first filter capacitor, forming the input loop between the power management module and the CC2530 controller.

[0070] A voltage regulator, a load device, a third filter capacitor, and a common ground are connected in series, and a fourth filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the third filter capacitor to form the output circuit of the power management module and the CC2530 controller.

[0071] The positive terminal of the power supply is connected in series with the IN pin of the voltage regulator through a first and second filter capacitor connected in parallel.

[0072] The IN pin of the voltage regulator is connected to the OUT pin of the voltage regulator through the internal voltage regulation circuit.

[0073] The voltage regulator's OUT pin is connected in series with the load device through a third and fourth filter capacitor connected in parallel;

[0074] The negative terminal of the power supply, the first filter capacitor, the second filter capacitor, the third filter capacitor, the fourth filter capacitor, the GND terminal of the voltage regulator, and the load device are all connected through a common ground.

[0075] It should be noted that the input and output circuits, as well as the parallel and series connections of multiple filter capacitors, ensure that the power management module can stably provide voltage output. The configuration of filter capacitors effectively reduces power supply noise and voltage fluctuations, improves the stability and reliability of the system, and the connection between the voltage regulator and the load device ensures efficient power management, optimizes energy transmission, and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0076] Through the above technical solution, this invention designs a real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things. By applying a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, and a power management module, it effectively solves the problems of unstable data transmission, limited monitoring range, and high power consumption in existing photovoltaic module monitoring systems. It significantly improves the applicability, reliability, and management efficiency of the monitoring system, and is particularly suitable for the remote monitoring needs of large-scale photovoltaic power plants that are widely distributed and have complex geographical environments.

[0077] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0078] This invention employs a combined communication mode of ZigBee wireless communication unit, gateway unit, GPRS, and Ethernet, enabling data transmission over long distances to meet the remote transmission needs of large-scale photovoltaic power plants. It ensures stable data transmission even in complex geographical conditions and harsh environments, reducing the risk of data loss and improving the system's applicability in distributed photovoltaic power plants. The power management module enables a sustainable power supply mode primarily powered by solar energy from the photovoltaic modules, ensuring continuous operation of the equipment in unattended environments, significantly reducing power consumption, thereby decreasing the frequency of battery replacements and lowering maintenance costs. Temperature and humidity sensors allow for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters around the photovoltaic modules, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of their operating status, improving the accuracy of early warnings, and promptly detecting module anomalies caused by temperature and humidity fluctuations for targeted maintenance, thus enhancing the safety and overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic power plant.

[0079] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0080] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, include: The system includes a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, and a power management module. The power management module is connected to the photovoltaic module panel, and the power management module is used to provide energy to the IoT-based photovoltaic module real-time monitoring device. The data acquisition module is connected to the data transmission module via a UART interface; The data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a CC2530 controller. The data acquisition module is used to collect ambient temperature and humidity data around the photovoltaic module. The data transmission module includes a ZigBee wireless communication unit and a gateway unit; The data processing module includes a central controller for receiving, processing, and storing data; The data transmission module is connected to the data processing module via an Ethernet or GPRS module. The data processing module is used to receive the ambient temperature and humidity data uploaded by the data transmission module, process the ambient temperature and humidity data, and output photovoltaic module operation information.

2. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the P0_1 pin of the CC2530 controller via a single-bus interface.

3. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that, The VDD pin of the temperature and humidity sensor and the VDD pin of the CC2530 controller are respectively connected to the power supply of the power management module. The VDD pin of the CC2530 controller is connected to the single-bus interface via a resistor; The GND pin of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to ground.

4. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CC2530 controller is connected to the ZigBee wireless communication unit via the UART interface.

5. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ZigBee wireless communication unit transmits data step by step to the gateway unit via the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol.

6. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gateway unit is connected to the ZigBee wireless communication unit via an RS485 interface, and the gateway unit is used to temporarily store data when the network is unstable.

7. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CC2530 controller includes a power supply unit, a clock unit, a data communication unit, a wireless communication unit, a reset circuit unit, and a common ground connection unit. The power supply unit includes a DVDD pin, an AVDD_DREG pin, an AVDD_SOC pin, a DVDD_USB pin, an AVDD_GUARD pin, an AVDD1 pin, an AVDD2 pin, an AVDD3 pin, an AVDD4 pin, a DCOUPL pin, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor, and an eleventh inductor. The clock unit includes XOSC32M_Q1 pin, XOSC32M_Q2 pin, Y1 crystal oscillator, seventeenth capacitor, and eighteenth capacitor; The data communication unit includes a UART interface, a single-bus interface, an SPI interface, an analog communication interface, a GPIO interface, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, and a Y2 crystal oscillator; The wireless communication unit includes an RF_P pin, an RF_N pin, an RBIAS pin, a resistor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, a second inductor, a third inductor, and an SMA interface. The reset circuit unit includes a RESET_N pin; The common ground connection unit includes a GND pin; The XOSC32M_Q1 pin is connected to the XOSC32M_Q2 pin via the Y1 crystal oscillator; The UART interface includes a P0_2 pin and a P0_3 pin. The P0_2 pin is connected to the RX pin of the ZigBee wireless communication unit, and the P0_3 pin is connected to the TX pin of the ZigBee wireless communication unit. The single-bus interface includes a P0_1 pin, which is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor. The SPI interface includes pins P1_4, P1_5, P1_6, and P1_7. The analog communication interface includes pins P0_4 and P0_5. The RF_P pin and the RF_N pin are connected to the SMA antenna interface.

8. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ZigBee wireless communication unit transmits data to the ZigBee node device via wireless communication.

9. The real-time monitoring device for photovoltaic modules based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply, voltage regulator, and first filter capacitor are connected in series, and the second filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the first filter capacitor to form the input circuit between the power management module and the CC2530 controller. A voltage regulator, a load device, a third filter capacitor, and a common ground are connected in series, and a fourth filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the third filter capacitor to form the output circuit of the power management module and the CC2530 controller. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected in series with the IN pin of the voltage regulator through a first and second filter capacitor connected in parallel. The IN pin of the voltage regulator is connected to the OUT pin of the voltage regulator through the internal voltage regulation circuit. The voltage regulator's OUT pin is connected in series with the load device through a third and fourth filter capacitor connected in parallel; The negative terminal of the power supply, the first filter capacitor, the second filter capacitor, the third filter capacitor, the fourth filter capacitor, the GND terminal of the voltage regulator, and the load device are all connected through a common ground.

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