Agricultural straw crushing device

Abstract

This utility model discloses an agricultural straw crushing device, relating to the field of straw crushing. It addresses the problem in existing technologies where the straw feeding lacks a special design, resulting in some straw being fed perpendicular to the crushing direction and flowing downwards through the gaps between the cutting blades, being discharged before complete crushing. The outer extended housing contains a straw limiting component, which consists of a first guiding limiting roller and a second guiding limiting roller. Both the first and second guiding limiting rollers include an intermediate roller body. The front and rear ends of the intermediate roller body are connected to external fixing discs. A plurality of limiting blocks are fixed in a circular array outside the intermediate roller body. The limiting blocks on the first and second guiding limiting rollers form a near-interlocking structure. The intermediate shafts of the first and second guiding limiting rollers extend to the rear end of the outer housing and are connected to a third rotating gear. Two of the third rotating gears are meshed together.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of straw crushing, specifically to an agricultural straw crushing device. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural straw, as a major byproduct of crop production, is increasingly being utilized as a core issue in global agriculture due to the growing emphasis on sustainable development. Its transformation encompasses four main areas: feed, fertilizer, energy, and substrate. In feed utilization, pulverization is crucial for improving straw digestibility. Mechanical pulverization disrupts the cell wall structure of straw, increasing the contact area with microorganisms and thus enhancing its nutritional value as roughage. For fertilizer utilization, pulverized straw can be mixed with livestock manure and microbial agents for fermentation to produce organic fertilizer. Energy utilization is a significant direction for high-value utilization of straw, including biomass power generation, gasification, and liquid fuel production. Pulverized straw, with its increased density and improved combustion efficiency, becomes an ideal fuel for biomass boilers. Substrate utilization focuses on edible fungi cultivation and seedling substrate preparation. After high-temperature sterilization, pulverized straw can be used as a primary culture medium for wood-rotting fungi such as oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, replacing some cottonseed hulls or sawdust.

[0003] Agricultural straw crushing devices are core front-end equipment for resource utilization. Early crushing equipment mainly consisted of hammer mills. As the requirements for utilization precision increased, equipment such as toothed disc crushers and shredders emerged. Toothed disc crushers utilize the relative motion of moving and fixed toothed discs to achieve shearing and crushing. For example, the Chinese authorized patent (an agricultural straw crushing device) with publication number CN 216752841U describes a user fixing the collection box and the support platform with bolts, turning on the motor through an external switch. The motor drives the first rotating rod to rotate clockwise at high speed, and the second rotating rod to rotate counterclockwise at high speed through opposing gears. This, in turn, drives the cutting blades on the two crushing rollers to perform opposing high-speed cutting motions. The user puts the straw into the inner cavity of the crushing box through the feed hopper and feed pipe. The straw is crushed under the action of the cutting blades, and the crushed straw fragments enter the inner cavity of the collection box through the discharge pipe.

[0004] Although the existing technology has the function of straw crushing, it does not have a special design for straw feeding, which means that some straw may be fed perpendicular to the crushing direction. Long and thin straw may flow down along the gaps between the cutting blades and be discharged before being completely crushed, requiring secondary crushing and affecting the crushing efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an agricultural straw crushing device to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that, due to the lack of special design when feeding straw, some straw is fed perpendicular to the crushing direction and flows downward along the gaps between the cutting blades, and is discharged before being completely crushed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an agricultural straw crushing device, comprising an outer shell, an outer extension shell integrally connected to the upper end of one side of the outer shell, a straw limiting component disposed inside the outer extension shell, the straw limiting component being composed of a first guiding limiting roller and a second guiding limiting roller, both the first guiding limiting roller and the second guiding limiting roller including an intermediate roller body, the front and rear ends of the intermediate roller body being connected to an outer fixing plate, the outer fixing plates on the first guiding limiting roller and the second guiding limiting roller being in contact and fitted together, a plurality of limiting blocks being fixed in a circular array outside the intermediate roller body, the limiting blocks on the first guiding limiting roller and the second guiding limiting roller forming a kind of interlocking structure, the intermediate shaft of the first guiding limiting roller and the second guiding limiting roller extending to the rear end of the outer shell and connected to a third rotating gear, the two third rotating gears being meshed and connected, a second driving component being installed at the rear end of the outer shell, the output end of the second driving component being connected to the third rotating gear at the rear end of the third crushing roller.

[0007] Preferably, a feeding hopper is integrally connected to the outer side of the outer extension shell, and a feeding platform is formed on the lower inner surface of the feeding hopper. The feeding platform is inclined in the direction of the outer extension shell, and the inner end of the feeding platform extends to the outer side between the first guide limiting roller and the second guide limiting roller.

[0008] Preferably, a central converging portion is formed inside the outer shell, and a downwardly inclined guide plate is provided inside the outer shell along the lower end of the central converging portion. The rear end of the downwardly inclined guide plate is fixed to the outer shell, and the downwardly inclined guide plate is inclined forward and downward. A first crushing chamber is formed inside the outer shell along the upper end of the central converging portion, and a second crushing chamber is formed between the central converging portion and the downwardly inclined guide plate.

[0009] Preferably, a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the first crushing chamber, and crushing blades are alternately arranged on the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller. A third crushing roller and a fourth crushing roller are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the second crushing chamber, and crushing blades are alternately arranged on the third crushing roller and the fourth crushing roller. The spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller is greater than the spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the third crushing roller and the fourth crushing roller. The first crushing roller, the second crushing roller, the third crushing roller and the fourth crushing roller form a crushing assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the intermediate shafts of the first, second, third, and fourth crushing rollers extend to the outside of the outer casing and are connected to first rotating gears. The two first rotating gears at the upper end are meshed and connected, the two first rotating gears at the lower end are meshed and connected, and the outer sides of the two first rotating gears at the rear end are connected to second rotating gears via shafts. The outer sides of the two second rotating gears are meshed with a transmission belt. A first drive assembly is installed at the lower end of the outer casing, and the output end of the first drive assembly is connected to the first rotating gear on the outer side of the third crushing roller.

[0011] Preferably, a feeding cavity is formed inside the outer shell along the lower end of the downwardly inclined guide plate, and a discharge trough is connected to the lower end of the front end of the outer shell along the lower end of the feeding cavity.

[0012] Preferably, triangular guide blocks are integrally connected to both sides of the rear end of the inner end of the feeding chamber. The triangular guide blocks are located on both sides of the lower rear end of the inclined guide plate. A fan is installed at the lower end of the rear end of the outer shell through a support plate, and the output end of the fan is connected to the feeding chamber.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] (1) In this utility model, the unique straw limiting component and feeding structure design ensure that the straw enters the crushing chamber in an orderly manner, avoiding the problem of uneven crushing caused by the straw entering in a disorderly manner, and improving the feeding efficiency and crushing quality. It solves the problem that currently, when straw is fed, there is no special design, and some straw is fed perpendicular to the crushing direction and flows downward along the gap between the cutting blades, and is discharged before being completely crushed.

[0015] (2) In this utility model, a multi-stage crushing structure is adopted. According to the different crushing stages of straw, different particle sizes are crushed. First, preliminary coarse crushing is carried out, and then fine crushing is carried out, which greatly improves the crushing quality and crushing efficiency of straw.

[0016] (3) In this utility model, by utilizing the airflow generated by the fan and the reasonable discharge structure design, the crushed straw can be discharged from the device quickly and efficiently, avoiding the problem of discharge blockage, greatly improving the discharge efficiency and reducing the downtime of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model from the main perspective.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model from an upward perspective.

[0019] Figure 3This is a top view of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view at point AA of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the straw limiting component of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model at point BB;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing component of the agricultural straw crushing device of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Middle converging section; 3. Downward inclined guide plate; 4. First crushing chamber; 5. Second crushing chamber; 6. Feeding chamber; 7. Triangular guide block; 8. Discharge chute; 9. Crushing assembly; 10. First crushing roller; 11. Second crushing roller; 12. Third crushing roller; 13. Fourth crushing roller; 14. First rotating gear; 15. Second rotating gear; 16. Transmission belt; 17. First drive assembly; 18. Fan; 19. Outer extension shell; 20. Straw limiting assembly; 21. First guide limiting roller; 22. Second guide limiting roller; 23. Middle roller body; 24. Outer fixed plate; 25. Limiting block; 26. Third rotating gear; 27. Second drive assembly; 28. Feed hopper; 29. ​​Feeding platform. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-7 One embodiment of this utility model is an agricultural straw crushing device, which mainly consists of a shell, a feeding section, a crushing section and a discharging section.

[0027] The outer shell 1 serves as the main frame of the entire device, providing installation support for other components. An outer extension shell 19 is integrally connected to the upper end of one side. Inside the outer extension shell 19 of the feeding section, a straw limiting assembly 20 is installed. The straw limiting assembly 20 consists of a first guide limiting roller 21 and a second guide limiting roller 22. A feeding hopper 28 is integrally connected to the outer side of the outer extension shell 19. The lower end face inside the feeding hopper 28 forms a feeding platform 29, which is inclined towards the outer extension shell 19. The inner end of the feeding platform 29 extends to the outer side between the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22, facilitating the smooth entry of straw into the device.

[0028] Both the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22 include an intermediate roller body 23. The front and rear ends of the intermediate roller body 23 are connected to outer fixing disks 24. The outer fixing disks 24 on the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22 are in contact with each other, providing stability and limiting. A plurality of limiting blocks 25 are fixed in a circular array on the outside of the intermediate roller body 23. The limiting blocks 25 on the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22 form a semi-interlocking structure, not as tightly fitted as a typical interlocking structure, but staggered and not in contact with each other. The intermediate shaft of the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22 extends to the rear end of the outer casing 1 and is connected to a third rotating gear 26. Two third rotating gears 26 are meshed together. A second drive assembly 27 is installed at the rear end of the outer casing 1. The output end of the second drive assembly 27 is connected to the third rotating gear 26 at the rear end of the third crushing roller 12. During operation, straw is fed into the feed platform 29 of the feed hopper 28. The second drive assembly 27 drives the first guide limiting roller 21 to rotate. Through the meshing connection of the third rotating gear 26, the first guide limiting roller 21 and the second guide limiting roller 22 rotate synchronously towards the position of the straw, driving the straw into the crushing chamber. Under the limiting action of the adjacent limiting blocks 25, straw in the longitudinal direction cannot enter normally; only straw in the transverse direction enters. Furthermore, the misalignment of the adjacent limiting blocks 25, similar to an interlocking structure, can hold one end of the straw, causing the incorrectly positioned end of the straw to rotate and relatively straighten the straw's entry position, ensuring that the straw enters the crushing chamber in an orderly manner, improving feeding efficiency and crushing quality.

[0029] The outer shell 1 of the crushing section has a central converging section 2 in the middle. A downwardly inclined guide plate 3 is provided along the lower end of the central converging section 2. The rear end of the downwardly inclined guide plate 3 is fixed to the outer shell 1 and is inclined forward and downward. The presence of the downwardly inclined guide plate 3 prevents the airflow blown by the blowing structure from acting in the opposite direction on the upper straw. A first crushing chamber 4 is formed along the upper end of the central converging section 2 inside the outer shell 1, and a second crushing chamber 5 is formed between the central converging section 2 and the downwardly inclined guide plate 3. The front and rear ends of the first crushing chamber 4 are respectively provided with a first crushing roller 10 and a second crushing roller 11, with crushing blades alternately arranged on the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11. The front and rear ends of the second crushing chamber 5 are respectively provided with a third crushing roller 12 and a fourth crushing roller 13, with crushing blades alternately arranged on the third crushing roller 12 and the fourth crushing roller 13. The spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11 is greater than the spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the third crushing roller 12 and the fourth crushing roller 13. The first crushing roller 10, the second crushing roller 11, the third crushing roller 12 and the fourth crushing roller 13 form the crushing assembly 9.

[0030] The intermediate shafts of the first crushing roller 10, the second crushing roller 11, the third crushing roller 12, and the fourth crushing roller 13 extend to the outside of the outer casing 1 and are connected to first rotating gears 14. The upper two first rotating gears 14 are meshed together, the lower two first rotating gears 14 are meshed together, and the outer sides of the two rear first rotating gears 14 are connected to second rotating gears 15 via shafts. The outer sides of the two second rotating gears 15 are meshed together with a transmission belt 16. A first drive assembly 17 is installed at the lower end of the outer casing 1, and the output end of the first drive assembly 17 is connected to the first rotating gear 14 on the outer side of the third crushing roller 12. During operation, the first drive assembly 17 drives one of the first rotating gears 14 to rotate. Through meshing and transmission via the transmission belt 16, all the first rotating gears 14 are driven to rotate, causing the two front first rotating gears 14 to move synchronously in opposite directions and the two rear first rotating gears 14 to move synchronously in opposite directions. The first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11 move in opposite directions to crush the straw that enters laterally, performing preliminary coarse crushing. The straw that has been initially crushed moves downward after being converged by the middle converging part 2. The third crushing roller 12 and the fourth crushing roller 13 move in opposite directions to perform secondary fine crushing, thereby achieving graded fine crushing and improving the crushing quality and efficiency of the straw.

[0031] The outer casing 1 of the discharge section forms a discharge chamber 6 along the lower end of the downwardly inclined guide plate 3. A discharge chute 8 is connected to the lower end of the front end of the outer casing 1 along the lower end of the discharge chamber 6. Triangular guide blocks 7 are integrally connected to both sides of the rear end of the discharge chamber 6. The triangular guide blocks 7 are located on both sides of the lower rear end of the downwardly inclined guide plate 3. A blower 18 is installed at the lower rear end of the outer casing 1 via a support plate, and the output end of the blower 18 is connected to the discharge chamber 6. During operation, the crushed straw moves to the discharge chamber 6 through the downwardly inclined guide plate 3. The airflow blown by the blower 18 diffuses into the discharge chamber 6 through the triangular guide blocks 7 and acts on the crushed straw, allowing the crushed straw to be quickly and efficiently discharged from the device through the discharge chute 8, avoiding discharge blockage and improving discharge efficiency.

[0032] The drive assembly mainly consists of a drive motor, a first bevel gear, and a second bevel gear. The drive motor drives the first bevel gear to rotate, and through the meshing connection of the first and second bevel gears, it drives the second bevel gear to rotate, thereby driving the structure coaxially connected to the second bevel gear to rotate.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural straw crushing device comprising an outer housing (1), characterised in that: An outer extension shell (19) is integrally connected to the upper end of one side of the outer shell (1). A straw limiting component (20) is provided inside the outer extension shell (19). The straw limiting component (20) is composed of a first guide limiting roller (21) and a second guide limiting roller (22). Both the first guide limiting roller (21) and the second guide limiting roller (22) include an intermediate roller body (23). The front and rear ends of the intermediate roller body (23) are connected to an outer fixing plate (24). The outer fixing plates (24) on the first guide limiting roller (21) and the second guide limiting roller (22) are in contact and fit together. A number of limiting blocks (25) are fixed in an outer ring array on the body (23). The limiting blocks (25) on the first guide limiting roller (21) and the second guide limiting roller (22) form a kind of interlocking structure. The intermediate shaft of the first guide limiting roller (21) and the second guide limiting roller (22) extends to the rear end of the outer shell (1) and is connected to a third rotating gear (26). The two third rotating gears (26) are meshed and connected. A second drive assembly (27) is installed at the rear end of the outer shell (1). The output end of the second drive assembly (27) is connected to the third rotating gear (26) at the rear end of the third crushing roller (12).

2. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer extension shell (19) is integrally connected to the outside of the feed hopper (28). The lower end face of the feed hopper (28) forms a feed platform (29). The feed platform (29) is inclined towards the outer extension shell (19). The inner end of the feed platform (29) extends to the outside between the first guide limiting roller (21) and the second guide limiting roller (22).

3. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (1) has a central converging part (2) in the middle. The lower end of the central converging part (2) is provided inside the outer shell (1). The rear end of the lower inclined guide plate (3) is fixed to the outer shell (1). The lower inclined guide plate (3) is inclined forward and downward. The upper end of the central converging part (2) is formed inside the outer shell (1). The middle converging part (2) and the lower inclined guide plate (3) are formed between the central converging part (2) and the lower inclined guide plate (3).

4. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first crushing chamber (4) is provided with a first crushing roller (10) and a second crushing roller (11) at its front and rear ends respectively. Crushing blades are alternately arranged on the first crushing roller (10) and the second crushing roller (11). The second crushing chamber (5) is provided with a third crushing roller (12) and a fourth crushing roller (13) at its front and rear ends respectively. Crushing blades are alternately arranged on the third crushing roller (12) and the fourth crushing roller (13). The spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the first crushing roller (10) and the second crushing roller (11) is greater than the spacing between adjacent crushing blades on the third crushing roller (12) and the fourth crushing roller (13). The first crushing roller (10), the second crushing roller (11), the third crushing roller (12) and the fourth crushing roller (13) form a crushing assembly (9).

5. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The middle shafts of the first, second, third and fourth crushing rollers (10, 11, 12 and 13) extend to the outside of the outer shell (1) and are connected with first rotating gears (14), the upper ends of two of the first rotating gears (14) are meshingly connected, the lower ends of two of the first rotating gears (14) are meshingly connected, the outer sides of the rear ends of two of the first rotating gears (14) are connected with second rotating gears (15) through shafts, the outer sides of two of the second rotating gears (15) are jointly meshingly connected with a transmission belt (16), the lower end of the outer shell (1) is provided with a first driving assembly (17), and the output end of the first driving assembly (17) is connected with the first rotating gear (14) on the outer side of the third crushing roller (12).

6. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A discharging cavity (6) is formed in the lower end of the outer shell (1) along the lower end of the lower inclined guide plate (3), and a discharging chute (8) is connected to the lower end of the outer shell (1) along the lower end of the discharging cavity (6).

7. The agricultural straw pulverizing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end of the outer shell (1) is provided with a fan (18) through a support plate, and the output end of the fan (18) is communicated with the discharging cavity (6).

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