A concrete precast unit stripping assembly

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of concrete prefabricated parts demolding assembly devices, belong to concrete prefabricated parts production technical field, including stand, first roller conveyor and second roller conveyor are parallelly arranged between two stands;And the installation position of first roller conveyor is in the rear of second roller conveyor;The right of first roller conveyor is provided with adjustable demolding mechanism;The adjustable demolding mechanism includes third roller conveyor, material guide plate, multistage material ejecting mechanism for ejecting concrete prefabricated parts from forming mould and the blocking mechanism for limiting the movement of forming mould.Through the above mode, continuous demolding and assembly operation of concrete prefabricated parts can be realized, without manual handling and secondary positioning, improve production efficiency, reduce the time loss and manpower input of intermediate link;Make the device can adapt to different demolding stage, solve the differentiating demand problem of speed in the process of concrete demolding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of precast concrete production technology, specifically to a precast concrete demolding and assembly device. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction industry, the application of precast concrete components is becoming increasingly widespread. When preparing precast concrete components, it is typically necessary to first cover the mold with a release agent, then pour concrete into the mold, and finally demold after the concrete has solidified. Traditional demolding methods have many problems. For example, manually striking the mold is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also difficult to control the striking force. Excessive force may cause cracking and damage to the precast component, while insufficient force may not effectively release the adhesion between the mold and the precast component. Furthermore, some methods that use a flipping mechanism to rotate the mold so that the opening faces downwards, and then use a lifting and natural fall to generate impact for demolding, place high demands on the mold's materials and rigidity, resulting in poor demolding stability. The impact demolding method can also easily damage the mold and the component. In addition, traditional demolding devices often only have a demolding function and cannot effectively connect with subsequent processes such as assembly after demolding. Therefore, there is a need for a high-efficiency, stable precast concrete component demolding and assembly device that can reduce damage to precast components and molds to meet the construction industry's requirements for the quality and efficiency of precast concrete component production.

[0003] Chinese patent CN216181552U discloses a demolding device for precast concrete components, including a base with a mold on top. A rotating assembly with one end movably connected to the inner top wall of the base is located on the inner bottom wall. Moving assemblies are located on the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the base, respectively, on the front and rear sides of the rotating assembly. However, this device still has the following problems during use: Because the rotating assembly drives the moving assemblies to move up and down at a uniform speed, the speed of the moving assemblies is the same in the early and later stages of demolding. This easily leads to slow demolding speed in the early stages and damage to the concrete product in the later stages, which is quite inconvenient. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a demolding and assembly device for precast concrete components. This demolding device is efficient, stable, and reduces damage to both the precast components and the mold; furthermore, it enables assembly operations after demolding of the precast components.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A precast concrete component demolding and assembly device includes a frame, a first roller conveyor, a second roller conveyor, and an adjustable demolding mechanism. The first and second roller conveyors are arranged parallel to each other between the two frames, with the first roller conveyor positioned behind the second roller conveyor. An adjustable demolding mechanism is located to the right of the first roller conveyor for controlling the movement of the molding die and ejecting the precast concrete component from the molding die. The adjustable demolding mechanism includes a third roller conveyor, guide plates, a multi-stage ejection mechanism for ejecting the precast concrete component from the molding die, and a blocking mechanism for limiting the movement of the molding die. The third roller conveyor is located to the right of the first roller conveyor. Guide plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on both the front and rear sides of the upper end of the third roller conveyor. The multi-stage ejection mechanism is installed at the lower end of the third roller conveyor. The blocking mechanisms are symmetrically installed at the ends of the two guide plates that are furthest apart.

[0007] Furthermore, the material transfer mechanism is installed on the upper end of the front and rear uprights; the material transfer mechanism is used to move the precast concrete components ejected by the multi-stage material lifting mechanism from the position of the third roller conveyor to the position of the second roller conveyor, so that the precast concrete components can be inserted and assembled with the assembly blocks.

[0008] Furthermore, the feed end of the third roller conveyor is aligned with the discharge end of the first roller conveyor; and a discharge ramp is provided at the discharge end of the third roller conveyor.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-stage top-feeding mechanism includes a driving rotating rod, a driven rotating rod, a transmission assembly, and a lifting assembly. The driving rotating rod is rotatably positioned at the middle of the inner bottom of the third roller conveyor. Four driven rotating rods are rotatably mounted in a rectangular array on the inner bottom of the third roller conveyor. Each driven rotating rod is equipped with a set of transmission assemblies, each set of transmission assemblies having a different height, and each set of transmission assemblies is connected to the driving rotating rod. A lifting assembly is installed at the upper end of each driven rotating rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a driving synchronous pulley, a driven synchronous pulley, a driven rotating rod, and a synchronous belt; the driving synchronous pulleys in the four sets of transmission assemblies are all fixedly installed on the outer end of the driving rotating rod; and multiple driving synchronous pulleys are linearly and evenly distributed at equal intervals along the height direction on the driving rotating rod; the driven synchronous pulley is fixedly installed on the outer end of the driven rotating rod; and a synchronous belt is wound around the outer ends of the driving synchronous pulley and the driven synchronous pulley of the same height to enable transmission connection between them.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a variable pitch external threaded rod, a movable rod, and a protrusion. The variable pitch external threaded rod is fixedly installed on the upper end of the driven rotating rod. The pitch of the variable pitch external threaded rod gradually decreases from bottom to top. A protrusion is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the movable rod. The protrusion and the variable pitch external threaded rod are threadedly engaged to form a sliding pair structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the blocking mechanism includes a mounting frame, a drive motor, a drive gear, a driven gear, a mounting plate, and a baffle. The mounting frame is symmetrically and fixedly installed on the right side of the two guide plates at opposite ends. The drive motor and the mounting plate are fixedly installed on the upper end of the mounting frame. The drive gear is fixedly installed on the output end of the drive motor. The driven gear is rotatably installed on the left end of the mounting plate. The drive gear and the driven gear are meshed and connected. The baffle is rotatably installed on the right end of the mounting plate. The baffle is fixedly connected to the driven gear.

[0013] Furthermore, the material transfer mechanism includes a horizontal moving component, a vertical moving component, an electric gripper, and a mounting plate. The mounting plate is fixedly installed on the upper end of the two uprights. The horizontal moving component is installed inside the mounting plate to control the horizontal movement of the electric gripper in the front-back direction. The movable end of the horizontal moving component is equipped with a vertical moving component to control the vertical movement of the electric gripper. The electric gripper is fixedly installed on the movable end of the vertical moving component.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: it can realize continuous demolding and assembly of precast concrete components without manual handling and secondary positioning, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing time loss and manpower input in intermediate links; and through the cooperation of variable pitch external thread rod and movable rod, the device can adapt to different demolding stages, solve the problem of differentiated speed requirements in the concrete demolding process, and improve the adaptability and practicality of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This utility model provides a three-dimensional demolding and assembly device for precast concrete components. Figure 1 ;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of a precast concrete component demolding and assembly device according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3This utility model provides a three-dimensional demolding and assembly device for precast concrete components. Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0020] Figure 5 A three-dimensional view with a portion of the front section removed;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a partial 3D view of the lifting assembly.

[0022] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0023] 1. Frame; 2. First roller conveyor; 3. Second roller conveyor; 4. Adjustable demolding mechanism; 41. Third roller conveyor; 42. Guide plate; 43. Multi-stage ejector mechanism; 431. Drive rotating rod; 432. Drive synchronous pulley; 433. Driven synchronous pulley; 434. Driven rotating rod; 435. Synchronous belt; 436. Variable pitch external threaded rod; 437. Movable rod; 438. Protrusion; 44. Blocking mechanism; 441. Mounting frame; 442. Drive motor; 443. Drive gear; 444. Driven gear; 445. Mounting plate; 446. Baffle; 5. Material transfer mechanism; 51. Lateral moving assembly; 52. Vertical moving assembly; 53. Electric gripper; 54. Mounting horizontal plate; 6. Forming mold; 7. Assembly block. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0025] The terms "left," "right," "front," "back," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to the orientation from the perspective of the front view.

[0026] In some embodiments, please refer to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6A precast concrete component demolding and assembly device includes a frame 1, a first roller conveyor 2, a second roller conveyor 3, an adjustable demolding mechanism 4, and a material transfer mechanism 5. The first roller conveyor 2 and the second roller conveyor 3 are arranged parallel to each other between two frames 1, and the first roller conveyor 2 is installed behind the second roller conveyor 3. The first roller conveyor 2 is used to convey a molding die 6; the second roller conveyor 3 is used to convey assembly blocks 7 (in this embodiment, the assembly block 7 is a cement block). An adjustable demolding mechanism 4 is provided to the right of the first roller conveyor 2 to control the movement of the molding die 6 and to eject the precast concrete component from the molding die 6. The adjustable demolding mechanism 4 includes a third roller conveyor 41, a guide plate 42, and a multi-stage ejection mechanism 43 for ejecting the precast concrete component from the molding die 6. A blocking mechanism 44 is used to limit the movement of the molding die 6; a third roller conveyor 41 is located to the right of the first roller conveyor 2; guide plates 42 are symmetrically fixed on the front and rear sides of the upper end of the third roller conveyor 41; a multi-stage ejector mechanism 43 is installed at the lower end of the third roller conveyor 41; the blocking mechanism 44 is symmetrically installed at the ends of the two guide plates 42 that are far apart; the feed end of the third roller conveyor 41 is aligned with the discharge end of the first roller conveyor 2; and a discharge ramp is provided at the discharge end of the third roller conveyor 41; a material transfer mechanism 5 is installed on the upper ends of the front and rear uprights 1; the material transfer mechanism 5 is used to move the concrete precast component ejected by the multi-stage ejector mechanism 43 from the position of the third roller conveyor 41 to the position of the second roller conveyor 3, so that the concrete precast component and the assembly block 7 can be inserted and assembled.

[0027] In this invention, the molding die 6 to be demolded enters from the left side of the first roller conveyor 2; and the assembly block 7 also enters from the left side of the second roller conveyor 3. Then, the first roller conveyor 2 operates, driving the molding die 6 to move to the right along the guide plate 42 to the upper end of the third roller conveyor 41; the second roller conveyor 3 operates, driving the assembly block 7 to move to the right until the positions of the first roller conveyor 2 and the second roller conveyor 3 are aligned.

[0028] Subsequently, the blocking mechanism 44 works to prevent the forming mold 6 from continuing to move to the right; then the multi-stage ejector mechanism 43 works to eject the precast concrete component inside the forming mold 6 upwards, while the material transfer mechanism 5 works to clamp and fix the precast concrete component; and drives the precast concrete component to move forward until the precast concrete component is aligned with the assembly block 7. Then the material transfer mechanism 5 works to drive the precast concrete component to move downwards until the precast concrete component is inserted and fixed with the assembly block 7.

[0029] Subsequently, the blocking mechanism 44 returns to its original position, and the third roller conveyor 41 operates, driving the forming mold 6 to continue moving to the right and exiting through the discharge ramp set at the discharge end of the third roller conveyor 41. The second roller conveyor 3 operates, driving the assembled concrete part to move to the right. The material transfer mechanism 5 resets. By repeating the above operations, continuous demolding and assembly of precast concrete parts can be achieved without manual handling and secondary positioning, which improves production efficiency and reduces time loss and manpower input in intermediate links.

[0030] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the multi-stage top material mechanism 43 includes a drive rotating rod 431, a driven rotating rod 434, a transmission assembly, and a lifting assembly. The drive rotating rod 431 is rotatably positioned at the middle of the inner bottom of the third roller conveyor 41. Four driven rotating rods 434 are rotatably mounted in a rectangular array on the inner bottom of the third roller conveyor 41. Each driven rotating rod 434 is equipped with a set of transmission assemblies, and each set of transmission assemblies has a different height and is connected to the drive rotating rod 431. A lifting assembly is installed at the upper end of each driven rotating rod 434.

[0031] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the transmission assembly includes a driving synchronous pulley 432, a driven synchronous pulley 433, a driven rotating rod 434, and a synchronous belt 435; the driving synchronous pulleys 432 in the four sets of transmission assemblies are all fixedly installed on the outer end of the driving rotating rod 431; and multiple driving synchronous pulleys 432 are linearly and evenly distributed along the height direction on the driving rotating rod 431; the driven synchronous pulleys 433 are fixedly installed on the outer end of the driven rotating rod 434; the outer ends of the driving synchronous pulleys 432 and the driven synchronous pulleys 433 at the same height are wound with a synchronous belt 435 to connect them in a transmission manner; as shown Figures 1-6 As shown, the lifting assembly includes a variable-pitch external threaded rod 436, a movable rod 437, and a protrusion 438. The variable-pitch external threaded rod 436 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the driven rotating rod 434. The pitch of the variable-pitch external threaded rod 436 gradually decreases from bottom to top. A protrusion 438 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the movable rod 437. The protrusion 438 and the thread of the variable-pitch external threaded rod 436 are slidably connected (forming a sliding pair structure). The movable rod 437 is slidably connected to the middle of the third roller conveyor 41. The driving rotating rod 431 can be driven by a motor.

[0032] like Figures 1-5As shown, the blocking mechanism 44 includes a mounting frame 441, a drive motor 442, a drive gear 443, a driven gear 444, a mounting plate 445, and a baffle 446. The mounting frame 441 is symmetrically and fixedly installed on the right side of the two guide plates 42 at opposite ends. The drive motor 442 and the mounting plate 445 are fixedly installed on the upper end of the mounting frame 441. The drive gear 443 is fixedly installed on the output end of the drive motor 442. The driven gear 444 is rotatably installed on the left end of the mounting plate 445. The drive gear 443 and the driven gear 444 are meshed together. The baffle 446 is rotatably installed on the right end of the mounting plate 445. The baffle 446 is fixedly connected to the driven gear 444.

[0033] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the material transfer mechanism 5 includes a horizontal moving component 51, a vertical moving component 52, an electric gripper 53, and a mounting plate 54. The mounting plate 54 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the two uprights 1. The horizontal moving component 51 for controlling the horizontal movement of the electric gripper 53 in the front-back direction is installed inside the mounting plate 54. The vertical moving component 52 for controlling the vertical movement of the electric gripper 53 is installed on the movable end of the horizontal moving component 51. The electric gripper 53 is fixedly installed on the movable end of the vertical moving component 52. The horizontal moving component 51 adopts a synchronous belt linear module. The vertical moving component 52 adopts a ball screw linear module. The electric gripper 53 adopts industry-leading molding technology.

[0034] In this invention, the molding die 6 to be demolded enters from the left side of the first roller conveyor 2; and the assembly block 7 also enters from the left side of the second roller conveyor 3. Then, the first roller conveyor 2 operates, driving the molding die 6 to move to the right along the guide plate 42 to the upper end of the third roller conveyor 41; the second roller conveyor 3 operates, driving the assembly block 7 to move to the right until the positions of the first roller conveyor 2 and the second roller conveyor 3 are aligned.

[0035] Subsequently, the drive motor 442 works to drive the drive gear 443 to rotate, and the drive gear 443 rotates to drive the driven gear 444 to rotate. At this time, the baffle 446 rotates together with the driven gear 444 until the baffle 446 is in a horizontal state, preventing the molding mold 6 from continuing to move to the right.

[0036] Subsequently, the motor controls the drive rotating rod 431 to rotate. The rotation of the drive rotating rod 431 drives all the drive synchronous pulleys 432 to rotate together. The rotation of the drive synchronous pulleys 432 drives the synchronous belt 435 to rotate. The rotation of the synchronous belt 435 drives the driven synchronous pulley 433 to rotate. At this time, all the driven rotating rods 434 will rotate synchronously with the drive rotating rod 431. The rotation of the driven rotating rods 434 drives the variable pitch external thread rod 436 to rotate. The rotation of the variable pitch external thread rod 436 causes the protrusion 438 to move along the thread line of the variable pitch external thread rod 436. The movement of the protrusion 438 will drive the movable rod 437 to move upward.

[0037] In the initial stage of demolding, due to the strong adhesion between the concrete and the mold, the lower pitch of the variable-pitch external thread rod 436 is larger, which allows the movable rod 437 to have a faster lifting speed, quickly overcome the adhesion, and improve demolding efficiency. In the later stage of demolding, in order to avoid damage to the concrete product due to excessive speed, the upper pitch of the variable-pitch external thread rod 436 is smaller, which will reduce the lifting speed of the movable rod 437 and ensure the integrity of the concrete product.

[0038] Until the movable rod 437 passes through the demolding hole at the bottom of the molding mold 6 and pushes the precast concrete component inside the molding mold 6 upward;

[0039] At the same time, the vertical moving component 52 works to drive the electric gripper 53 to move downward, and the electric gripper 53 clamps and fixes the precast concrete component; then the horizontal moving component 51 works to drive the electric gripper 53 to move forward until the electric gripper 53 is aligned with the assembly block 7, and then the vertical moving component 52 works to drive the precast concrete component to move downward until the precast concrete component is inserted and fixed with the assembly block 7, thus realizing the assembly.

[0040] Subsequently, the drive motor 442 operates to reset the baffle 446; the third roller conveyor 41 operates to move the forming mold 6 to the right and remove it through the discharge ramp set at the discharge end of the third roller conveyor 41; the second roller conveyor 3 operates to move the assembled concrete part to the right; the lateral moving component 51 operates to reset the vertical moving component 52 and the electric gripper 53 to the rear; by repeating the above operations, continuous demolding and assembly of precast concrete parts can be achieved without manual handling and secondary positioning, which improves production efficiency and reduces time loss and manpower input in intermediate links.

[0041] Furthermore, the variable-pitch external threaded rod 436 enables the device to adapt to different demolding stages, solving the problem of differentiated speed requirements during concrete demolding and improving the adaptability and practicality of the device.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. Concrete prefabricated element stripping assembly device comprising a stand (1), characterized in that: It also includes a first roller conveyor (2), a second roller conveyor (3) and an adjustable demolding mechanism (4); the first roller conveyor (2) and the second roller conveyor (3) are arranged in parallel between the two uprights (1); and the first roller conveyor (2) is installed behind the second roller conveyor (3); An adjustable demolding mechanism (4) is provided on the right side of the first roller conveyor (2) for controlling the movement of the molding die (6) and ejecting the precast concrete component from the molding die (6). The adjustable demolding mechanism (4) includes a third roller conveyor (41), a guide plate (42), a multi-stage ejection mechanism (43) for ejecting precast concrete components from the molding die (6), and a blocking mechanism (44) for limiting the movement of the molding die (6). The third roller conveyor (41) is located to the right of the first roller conveyor (2). The guide plate (42) is symmetrically fixed on both the front and rear sides of the upper end of the third roller conveyor (41). The multi-stage ejection mechanism (43) is installed at the lower end of the third roller conveyor (41). The blocking mechanism (44) is symmetrically installed at the ends of the two guide plates (42) that are far apart.

2. A concrete preform stripping assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The material transfer mechanism (5) is installed on the upper end of the front and rear uprights (1); the material transfer mechanism (5) is used to move the concrete precast component pushed out by the multi-stage material lifting mechanism (43) from the position of the third roller conveyor (41) to the position of the second roller conveyor (3), so that the concrete precast component and the assembly block (7) can be inserted and assembled.

3. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 1, wherein, The feed end of the third roller conveyor (41) is aligned with the discharge end of the first roller conveyor (2); and a discharge ramp is provided at the discharge end of the third roller conveyor (41).

4. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 2, wherein, The multi-stage top material mechanism (43) includes a drive rotating rod (431), a driven rotating rod (434), a transmission assembly and a lifting assembly. The drive rotating rod (431) is rotatably positioned at the middle of the inner bottom of the third roller conveyor (41). The bottom of the third roller conveyor (41) is equipped with four driven rotating rods (434) arranged in a rectangular array. Each driven rotating rod (434) is equipped with a set of transmission components, each set of transmission components has a different height, and each set of transmission components is connected to the driving rotating rod (431); Each driven rotating rod (434) has a set of lifting components installed at its upper end.

5. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 4, wherein, The transmission assembly includes a driving synchronous pulley (432), a driven synchronous pulley (433), a driven rotating rod (434), and a synchronous belt (435). The drive synchronous pulleys (432) in the four sets of transmission components are all fixedly installed on the outer end of the drive rotating rod (431); and the multiple drive synchronous pulleys (432) are evenly distributed linearly and at equal intervals along the height direction on the drive rotating rod (431); The driven synchronous pulley (433) is fixedly installed on the outer end of the driven rotating rod (434); A synchronous belt (435) is wound around the outer ends of the driving synchronous pulley (432) and the driven synchronous pulley (433) of the same height so that the two are connected in transmission.

6. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 4, wherein, The lifting assembly includes a variable pitch external thread rod (436), a movable rod (437), and a protrusion (438). The variable pitch external thread rod (436) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the driven rotating rod (434). The pitch of the variable-pitch external thread rod (436) gradually decreases from bottom to top; A protrusion (438) is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the movable rod (437); the protrusion (438) and the variable pitch external thread rod (436) are threaded together to form a sliding pair structure; Furthermore, the movable rod (437) is in a limiting sliding connection with the middle of the third roller conveyor (41).

7. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 1, wherein, The blocking mechanism (44) includes a mounting frame (441), a drive motor (442), a drive gear (443), a driven gear (444), a mounting plate (445), and a baffle (446). The mounting frame (441) is symmetrically and fixedly installed on the right side of the two guide plates (42) at opposite ends. The drive motor (442) and the mounting plate (445) are fixedly installed on the upper end of the mounting frame (441). The output end of the drive motor (442) is fixedly installed with the drive gear (443). The driven gear (444) is rotatably installed on the left end of the mounting plate (445). The drive gear (443) is meshed with the driven gear (444). The baffle (446) is rotatably installed on the right end of the mounting plate (445). The baffle (446) is fixedly connected to the driven gear (444).

8. The concrete preform stripping assembly of claim 2, wherein, The material transfer mechanism (5) includes a horizontal moving component (51), a vertical moving component (52), an electric gripper (53), and a mounting plate (54). The mounting plate (54) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the two uprights (1). The horizontal moving component (51) for controlling the electric gripper (53) to move horizontally in the front-back direction is installed inside the mounting plate (54). The movable end of the horizontal moving component (51) is equipped with a vertical moving component (52) for controlling the electric gripper (53) to move up and down in the vertical direction. The electric gripper (53) is fixedly installed on the movable end of the vertical moving component (52).

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