Automatic water-discharging mine air door
By adopting a crisscrossing door beam frame and drainage plate structure in the underground ventilation doors of mines, an automatic drainage function without power supply is realized, which solves the problem of water accumulation caused by the complex structure of ventilation doors and reliance on electricity in existing technologies, and improves the reliability and safety of underground ventilation and drainage systems in mines.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KUNMING ENG & RES INST OF NONFERROUS METALLURGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Among existing technologies for underground mine ventilation doors that balance ventilation control and drainage, existing ventilation doors have complex structures, rely on power supply, and are prone to water accumulation and ventilation control failure when power is cut off, making it difficult to achieve automatic and timely drainage functions.
An automatic drainage damper consisting of a wind wall, door frame, and door leaf was designed. It adopts a crisscross door beam frame and drainage plate structure, which automatically opens the drainage plate by water pressure and achieves automatic water drainage by mechanical structure. It also automatically closes after the water level drops, avoiding dependence on electricity.
It enables automatic water drainage of the air doors without the need for external energy or manual operation, ensuring the airtightness and wind pressure resistance of the ventilation system, improving the reliability and safety of the underground ventilation and drainage system in the mine, and reducing construction difficulty and initial construction costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224315029U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of underground engineering technology, specifically relating to a mine ventilation door with simple structure, convenient construction, and stable and reliable automatic water discharge. Background Technology
[0002] In mines, underground ventilation systems are typically required for pedestrian, transportation, and airflow control. Therefore, to prevent airflow short-circuiting, cross-contamination, and leakage, and to control the direction and volume of airflow between the intake and return airways, air doors are installed in the connecting roadways to achieve effective ventilation within the mine. Traditionally, two air doors are installed: the first door is opened, personnel pass through, and then it is immediately closed before the second door can be opened. However, in connecting roadways where only airflow regulation, prevention of airflow short-circuiting, cross-contamination, and leakage are needed, or where air pressure is low, often only one air door is required. Under normal circumstances, in roadways with air doors, to ensure airtightness, the doors are airtight doors; equipment or personnel are only allowed to pass through after the door is opened. Therefore, air doors must not only block airflow but also withstand air pressure.
[0003] At mining sites, groundwater seeping from underground mining operations, as well as accumulated water in open-pit areas (such as open-pit mines, quarries, open-pit storage yards, and low-lying areas) due to rainfall, snowmelt, or groundwater seepage, not only affects equipment passage and mining operations but can also trigger geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. Therefore, there is a need for drainage through underground tunnels. However, while current airtight ventilation doors can control airflow, their airtightness makes it difficult for the connecting passages where the doors are installed to drain water.
[0004] In existing technologies, to balance ventilation control and water drainage, sealed air doors are typically opened manually or remotely to achieve water drainage. However, this not only makes it difficult to ensure timely opening and closing of the air doors, easily leading to water accumulation or ventilation control failure, but also presents the problem of insufficient capacity for large-scale operation. Furthermore, manual and remote opening increases the workload of operators. To address this, some methods involve installing water level sensors in the direction of incoming water and automatic gates on the air doors, along with controllers. These controllers automatically open the gates when the water level reaches a set level and automatically close them when the water level falls below a threshold. While this effectively solves the shortcomings of manual or remote opening of sealed air doors, it also presents problems such as complex structure, reliance on power supply (leading to water accumulation if power is lost), and poor reliability of electronic equipment in harsh underground environments.
[0005] Therefore, researching and manufacturing a simple, easy-to-construct, stable, reliable, and automatically drainable underground ventilation door is of particular importance for mine ventilation and drainage. Utility Model Content
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a mine ventilation door with a simple structure, convenient construction, and stable and reliable automatic water drainage.
[0007] The automatic drainage mine ventilation door of this utility model is implemented as follows: it includes a ventilation wall, a door frame, and a door leaf. The ventilation wall is a wall arranged horizontally in the roadway. The door frame is fixedly installed on the door opening in the ventilation wall. The door leaf is connected to the door frame to open and close the door opening.
[0008] The door leaf includes a door beam, a door panel, and a drain plate. The door leaf is provided with a frame formed by crisscrossing door beams. The frame of the door leaf is connected to the door frame in an openable manner. The door panel is fixedly laid on the surface of the frame of the door leaf. The door leaf has at least two drain holes at the bottom of the frame where the door panel is not fixedly laid. The drain plate covers the drain holes and its top is hinged to the door beam above the drain holes.
[0009] Furthermore, the frame of the door leaf is fixedly connected by crisscrossing door beams to form a grid structure, the drain hole is a square hole with door beams on all four sides, and the drain plate is a square plate that can cover the drain hole.
[0010] Furthermore, the drain plate and the lintel above the drain hole are hinged together by a hinge, the hinge including steel pipe I, hinge shaft, and steel pipe II. At least two steel pipes I are fixedly arranged horizontally at intervals on the lintel above the drain hole, and steel pipe II is fixedly arranged horizontally at the top of the drain plate. The hinge shaft moves through the steel pipe II on the drain plate and the steel pipe I on the lintel.
[0011] Furthermore, the drain plate on the door opens in the same direction as the incoming water and faces the windward side, while the opening direction of the door is opposite to the direction of the connecting wind.
[0012] Furthermore, the door frame is made of channel steel with the opening of the channel steel facing away from the door opening. The four sides of the door frame are fixedly connected to each other in a "well" shape. Anchor bolts that pass through the wind wall and extend into the surrounding rock of the tunnel are fixed on all four sides of the door frame.
[0013] Furthermore, a hardened area extending back and forth along the length of the tunnel is provided on the bottom plate below the door frame inside the tunnel. The bottom of the door frame is embedded in the hardened area, and the top of the channel steel at the bottom of the door frame is higher than the hardened area.
[0014] Furthermore, the damper adopts a double-leaf door structure, and fixed plates parallel to the wind wall are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the door frame. The frame of the door leaf is hinged to the fixed plates, and a reinforcing rod fixedly connected to the door frame is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed plates near the wind wall.
[0015] Furthermore, at least one side of the damper is provided with a steel pin that mates with the tunnel floor, and at least one side of the damper is also provided with a steel pin that mates with the other side of the damper.
[0016] Furthermore, the door beam is a square tube, and the frame of the door leaf is a grid structure formed by the bidirectional orthogonal connection of the crisscrossing door beams.
[0017] Furthermore, the lower part of the door frame is provided with at least two layers of drainage holes in the vertical direction, and each layer of drainage holes in the lower part of the door frame is covered with a drainage plate that is hinged to the door beam at the top.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0019] 1. This utility model's damper, by setting at least two drainage holes at the bottom of the door leaf and covering them with a top-hinged drainage plate, achieves automatic drainage without the need for complex electronic sensors, controllers, or power devices, relying solely on mechanical structure and water pressure. Furthermore, the entire structure is composed of conventional basic components such as the damper wall, door frame, and door leaf. The frame is constructed using crisscrossing door beams, and the installation method of the door panel and drainage plate is simple, facilitating on-site processing and assembly. This significantly reduces construction difficulty and initial construction costs, solving the problem of structural complexity caused by reliance on electronic equipment in existing technologies.
[0020] 2. This utility model requires no power supply. It automatically opens the drain plate using the pressure of accumulated water to achieve automatic drainage, and then automatically closes due to gravity after the water level drops, avoiding the risk of drainage failure due to power outages in existing technologies. Furthermore, the drain plate and gate beam are hinged together by mechanical components such as steel pipes and hinge shafts, resulting in a robust structure that is less susceptible to the effects of damp, dusty, and corrosive environments underground. This design also ensures a long service life and significantly higher reliability than automatic gate systems that rely on electronic components.
[0021] 3. The main body of the door leaf of this utility model is still a sealed structure with a door panel, which can effectively block airflow, control air volume, and prevent problems such as short circuits, cross-flow, and air leakage, thus meeting the core needs of mine ventilation. The drainage plate at the bottom of the door leaf only opens automatically when the water level reaches a certain level, and remains closed when the water volume is small. This avoids the ventilation failure caused by "opening the entire door to drain water", and achieves precise coordination of "maintaining ventilation when there is no wind or a small amount of water, and automatically draining water when there is a large amount of water". This not only solves the contradiction between the airtightness and drainage of traditional doors, but also eliminates the need for manual operation or remote control during the drainage process, avoiding the problems of water accumulation and ventilation control failure caused by untimely human operation. It is especially suitable for remote or harsh underground areas.
[0022] 4. The air door of this utility model adopts a double-leaf door structure. The door frame is fixed to the surrounding rock of the roadway by anchor bolts, and the bottom is embedded in the hardened area, thus ensuring high overall stability and adaptability to roadways with different cross-sectional dimensions. Furthermore, the number and size of the drainage holes can be flexibly designed according to the water accumulation conditions in the roadway, and the opening direction of the drainage plate is consistent with the direction of water inflow, conforming to the laws of hydrodynamics, resulting in high drainage efficiency. Therefore, this utility model's air door is applicable to both connecting roads with low wind pressure and main roadways requiring frequent pedestrian and transportation traffic, solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of single solutions in existing technologies.
[0023] In summary, this utility model, through innovative mechanical structure design, achieves automatic drainage of the air door without the need for external energy or manual operation with a minimalist structure, while ensuring the airtightness and wind pressure resistance of the ventilation system, significantly improving the reliability, safety, and economy of the ventilation and drainage system in mines. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of the installation of the mine ventilation door of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the installation of the mine ventilation door of this utility model;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage principle of the mine ventilation door of this utility model;
[0027] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of the drainage plate connection structure of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The left view;
[0029] In the diagram: 1-Wind wall, 2-Door frame, 3-Door leaf, 31-Door beam, 32-Door panel, 33-Drainage plate, 4-Hinge, 41-Steel pipe I, 42-Hinge shaft, 43-Steel pipe II, 5-Anchor rod, 6-Fixing plate, 7-Reinforcing rod, 8-Hardened area, 9-Steel pin. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0031] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the automatic drainage mine ventilation door of this utility model includes a ventilation wall 1, a door frame 2, and a door leaf 3. The ventilation wall 1 is a wall horizontally arranged in the roadway. The door frame 2 is fixedly arranged on the door opening opened in the ventilation wall 1. The door leaf 3 is connected to the door frame 2 to open and close the door opening.
[0032] The door leaf 3 includes a door beam 31, a door panel 32, and a drain plate 33. The door leaf 3 is provided with a frame formed by the crisscrossing door beams 31. The frame of the door leaf 3 is connected to the door frame 2 in an openable manner. The door panel 32 is fixedly laid on the surface of the frame of the door leaf 3. The door leaf 3 has at least two drain holes at the bottom of the frame where the door panel 32 is not fixedly laid. The drain plate 33 covers the drain holes and its top is hinged to the door beam 31 above the drain holes.
[0033] The frame of the door leaf 3 is fixedly connected by crisscrossing door beams 31 to form a grid structure. The drain hole is a square hole with door beams 31 on all four sides. The drain plate 33 is a square plate that can cover the drain hole.
[0034] The drain plate 33 and the lintel 31 above the drain hole are hinged by a hinge 4. The hinge 4 includes a steel pipe I 41, a hinge shaft 42, and a steel pipe II 43. At least two steel pipes I 41 are fixedly arranged horizontally at intervals on the lintel 31 above the drain hole. A steel pipe II 43 is fixedly arranged horizontally at the top of the drain plate 33. The hinge shaft 42 moves through the steel pipe II 43 on the drain plate 33 and the steel pipe I 41 on the lintel 31.
[0035] The opening direction of the drain plate 33 on the door leaf 3 is the same as the direction of incoming water and faces the windward side, while the opening direction of the door leaf 3 is opposite to the direction of the connecting wind.
[0036] The door frame 2 is made of channel steel with the opening of the channel steel facing away from the door opening. The four sides of the door frame 2 are fixedly connected to each other in a "well" shape. Anchor rods 5 that pass through the wind wall 1 and extend into the surrounding rock of the tunnel are fixed on all four sides of the door frame 2.
[0037] The tunnel has a hardened area 8 extending back and forth along the length of the tunnel on the bottom plate below the door frame 2. The bottom of the door frame 2 is embedded in the hardened area 8, and the top of the channel steel at the bottom of the door frame 2 is higher than the hardened area 8.
[0038] The damper adopts a double-leaf door structure. Fixed plates 6 parallel to the wind wall 1 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the door frame 2. The frame of the door leaf 3 is hinged to the fixed plates 6. A reinforcing rod 7 fixedly connected to the door frame 2 is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed plate 6 near the wind wall 1.
[0039] The lower part of at least one door leaf 3 of the air door is provided with a steel pin 9 that cooperates with the roadway floor plate, and at least one door leaf 3 of the air door is also provided with a steel pin 9 that cooperates with the other door leaf 3.
[0040] The door beam 31 is a square tube, and the frame of the door leaf 3 is formed by the bidirectional orthogonal connection of the crisscrossing door beams 31 to form a grid structure.
[0041] The lower part of the frame of the door leaf 3 is provided with at least two layers of drainage holes in the vertical direction, and each layer of drainage holes in the lower part of the frame of the door leaf 3 is covered with a drainage plate 33 that is hinged to the top of the door beam 31.
[0042] The working principle and process of this utility model:
[0043] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the wind wall 1 of this utility model is constructed by conventional masonry or casting, and a hardened area 8 extending back and forth along the length of the tunnel is provided on the bottom plate below the door frame 2 inside the tunnel.
[0044] The door frame 2 is made of channel steel (channel steel has a low density, so it is lightweight, convenient for transportation and installation, and has high strength and rigidity) embedded in the door opening of the wind wall 1 to form a "well" shaped structure with the four sides fixedly connected to each other. Anchor rods 5 are welded to the left, right and top sides of the door frame 2, passing through the wind wall 1 and extending into the surrounding rock of the tunnel to enhance stability.
[0045] The door beam 31 of the door leaf 3 is made of square tube (square tube reduces its own weight while maintaining strength, and has better stability and resistance when subjected to pressure and bending compared with other shapes of steel; it meets the requirements that the door leaf 3 must withstand wind pressure and the door must be lightweight and easy to open and close, effectively distributing the load and providing stable support). The frame is formed by crisscrossing and bidirectional orthogonal connection of square tubes to form a grid structure, and one side of the frame of the door leaf 3 is hinged to the fixing plate 6 on the corresponding side of the door frame 2.
[0046] The door panel 32 of the door leaf 3 is made of common thin steel plate (such as thin steel plate with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm, which is easy to obtain, lightweight, and has moderate rigidity, and is used as door panel 32 with regular size and easy to cut and trim) and welded to the door beam 31.
[0047] Two layers of unfixed door panels 32 are installed at the bottom of the frame of the door leaf 3 grid structure. Hinges 4 are made by welding readily available steel pipes and round steel bars to the door beam 31 at the top of the drainage holes. Thin steel plates (i.e., drainage plates 33) are then cut to size. The hinges 4 are then installed according to… Figure 4 and 5 The hinge 4 is welded to the drain plate 33 as shown, and the hinge 4 is ensured to rotate flexibly and reliably, thus completing the manufacturing of the mine ventilation door of this utility model.
[0048] When the damper is installed, the damper leaf 3 is located on the windward side, the drain plate 33 on the damper leaf 3 opens in the same direction as the incoming water and faces the windward side, and the opening direction of the damper leaf 3 is opposite to the direction of the connecting channel wind.
[0049] When draining water: Due to the high water pressure, the water flows through the hollow on the frame of the door leaf 3, lifting the drain plate 33 to achieve automatic water drainage; while when blocking wind: the drain plate 33 of the door leaf 3 hangs down naturally due to its own weight, and at the same time, due to the wind pressure difference, the drain plate 33 is pressed by the wind pressure onto the door beam 31 on the side of the drain hole to achieve the purpose of blocking wind.
[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. An automatic drainage mine ventilation door, comprising a ventilation wall (1), a door frame (2), and a door leaf (3), wherein the ventilation wall (1) is a wall horizontally arranged in the roadway, the door frame (2) is fixedly arranged on the door opening of the ventilation wall (1), and the door leaf (3) is connected to the door frame (2) to open and close the door opening; Its features are: The door leaf (3) includes a door beam (31), a door panel (32), and a drain plate (33). The door leaf (3) is provided with a frame formed by crisscrossing door beams (31). The frame of the door leaf (3) is connected to the door frame (2) in an openable manner. The door panel (32) is fixedly laid on the surface of the frame of the door leaf (3). The door leaf (3) has at least two drain holes at the bottom of the frame where the door panel (32) is not fixedly laid. The drain plate (33) covers the drain holes and is hinged to the door beam (31) above the drain holes.
2. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame of the door leaf (3) is fixedly connected by crisscrossing door beams (31) to form a grid structure. The drain hole is a square hole with door beams (31) on all four sides. The drain plate (33) is a square plate that can cover the drain hole.
3. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drain plate (33) and the gate beam (31) above the drain hole are hinged by a hinge (4). The hinge (4) includes a steel pipe I (41), a hinge shaft (42), and a steel pipe II (43). At least two steel pipes I (41) are fixedly arranged horizontally at intervals on the gate beam (31) above the drain hole. A steel pipe II (43) is fixedly arranged horizontally at the top of the drain plate (33). The hinge shaft (42) moves through the steel pipe II (43) on the drain plate (33) and the steel pipe I (41) on the gate beam (31).
4. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The drain plate (33) on the door (3) opens in the same direction as the incoming water and faces the windward side, while the opening direction of the door (3) is opposite to the wind direction of the connecting channel.
5. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The door frame (2) is made of channel steel and the opening of the channel steel is away from the door opening. The four sides of the door frame (2) are fixedly connected to each other in a "well" shape. The four sides of the door frame (2) are all fixed with anchor rods (5) that pass through the wind wall (1) and extend into the surrounding rock of the roadway.
6. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tunnel has a hardened area (8) extending back and forth along the length of the tunnel on the bottom plate below the door frame (2). The bottom of the door frame (2) is embedded in the hardened area (8), and the top of the channel steel at the bottom of the door frame (2) is higher than the hardened area (8).
7. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The damper adopts a double-leaf door (3) structure. The left and right sides of the door frame (2) are fixed with fixed plates (6) parallel to the wind wall (1). The frame of the door leaf (3) is hinged to the fixed plate (6). The fixed plate (6) is fixed with a reinforcing rod (7) that is fixedly connected to the door frame (2) on the surface of the fixed plate (6) near the wind wall (1).
8. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower part of at least one door leaf (3) of the air door is provided with a steel pin (9) that cooperates with the roadway floor plate, and the air door is also provided with a steel pin (9) that cooperates with the other door leaf (3).
9. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The door beam (31) is a square tube, and the frame of the door leaf (3) is formed by the bidirectional orthogonal connection of the crisscrossing door beams (31) to form a grid structure.
10. The mine ventilation door with automatic water drainage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower part of the frame of the door leaf (3) is provided with at least two layers of drainage holes in the vertical direction, and each layer of drainage holes in the lower part of the frame of the door leaf (3) is covered with a drainage plate (33) that is hinged to the top of the door beam (31).