A voltage output circuit and electrical device
By designing a circuit that includes a field-effect transistor, a resistor, and a capacitor, the signal output path is automatically selected, solving the problem that existing voltage output circuits cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of low cost and high convenience, and realizing automatic signal output under different voltage conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DALIAN GONGJIN TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
Smart Images
Figure CN224317956U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular relates to a voltage output circuit and electrical equipment. Background Technology
[0002] In some scenarios, it is necessary to select a suitable signal output path to output the target signal based on the voltage of the input target signal. In existing technologies, the first method is to determine the voltage of the target signal through a controller (such as a microcontroller) and then select a suitable signal output path to output the target signal based on the voltage of the target signal; the second method is to set a switching switch, which the user needs to control based on the voltage of the target signal to select a suitable signal output path to output the target signal.
[0003] It can be seen that the first method in the prior art requires a controller, which, although eliminating the need for user operation, is costly. The second method, while also eliminating the need for a controller and being less costly, still requires user operation, resulting in lower convenience. Therefore, the voltage output circuit in the prior art cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of low cost and high convenience. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a voltage output circuit and electrical device to solve the technical problem that the voltage output circuit of the prior art cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of low cost and high convenience.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a voltage output circuit, the voltage output circuit including a first field-effect transistor (FET), a second field-effect transistor (FET), a diode, a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a first capacitor; the source of the first FET, the source of the second FET, the first terminal of the first resistor, the emitter of the transistor, and the first terminal of the first capacitor are all connected to the voltage input terminal of the voltage output circuit; the gate of the first FET, the second terminal of the first resistor, the cathode of the diode, and the first terminal of the second resistor are all connected; the drain of the first FET is connected to the first voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit; the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the base of the transistor; the collector of the transistor, the first terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the gate of the second FET are all connected; the second terminal of the third resistor and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground; the second terminal of the fourth resistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor are connected; the drain of the second FET is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit; the voltage output circuit is used for:
[0006] If the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold, then the target signal is output through the first voltage output terminal.
[0007] If the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the second voltage output terminal.
[0008] Optionally, the voltage output circuit further includes a second capacitor; the first terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the third resistor, and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground, and the second terminal of the second capacitor and the drain of the second field-effect transistor are all connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit.
[0009] Optionally, the source of the first field-effect transistor includes a first source pin, a second source pin, and a third source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the first field-effect transistor includes a first drain pin, a second drain pin, a third source pin, and a fourth drain pin connected in parallel.
[0010] Optionally, the first field-effect transistor is a PMOS transistor.
[0011] Optionally, the source of the second field-effect transistor includes a fourth source pin, a fifth source pin, and a sixth source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the second field-effect transistor includes a fifth drain pin, a sixth drain pin, a seventh source pin, and an eighth drain pin connected in parallel.
[0012] Optionally, the second field-effect transistor is a PMOS transistor.
[0013] Optionally, the diode is a Zener diode.
[0014] Optionally, the preset voltage threshold is determined based on the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode.
[0015] Optionally, the transistor is a PNP type transistor.
[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, which includes a voltage output circuit as described in any of the first aspects.
[0017] The voltage output circuit and electrical device provided in this application have the following beneficial effects:
[0018] The voltage output circuit provided in this application includes a first field-effect transistor, a second field-effect transistor, a diode, a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a first capacitor. In this circuit, the source of the first field-effect transistor (FET), the source of the second FET, the first terminal of the first resistor, the emitter of the transistor, and the first terminal of the first capacitor are all connected to the voltage input terminal of the voltage output circuit. The gate of the first FET, the second terminal of the first resistor, the cathode of the diode, and the first terminal of the second resistor are all connected together. The drain of the first FET is connected to the first voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the base of the transistor. The collector of the transistor, the first terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the gate of the second FET are all connected together. The second terminal of the third resistor and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground. The second terminal of the fourth resistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor are connected together. The drain of the second FET is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The voltage output circuit is used to: output the target signal through the first voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold; and output the target signal through the second voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold. The voltage output circuit of this application can achieve the following functions without the need for a controller: when the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the first voltage output terminal; when the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the second voltage output terminal. In other words, without the need for a controller, it can automatically select the appropriate signal output path based on the voltage of the target signal to output the target signal, thus simultaneously meeting the requirements of low cost and high convenience. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage output circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage output circuit provided in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used in the embodiments of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, "at least one" or "one or more" means one, two or more. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
[0023] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
[0024] The voltage output circuit provided in this application embodiment can be applied to any scenario where a suitable signal output path needs to be selected based on the voltage of the input target signal to output the target signal.
[0025] For example, an electrical device needs to work normally under two different power supply voltages. Based on this, the voltage output circuit provided in the embodiments of this application can be set in the electrical device to achieve the following: when one power supply voltage is input, the power supply voltage is output through one signal output path, and when the other power supply voltage is input, the power supply voltage is output through another signal output path.
[0026] For example, when a 12-volt power supply voltage is input, the 12-volt power supply voltage is output through the first signal output path; when a 24-volt power supply voltage is input, the 24-volt power supply voltage is output through the second signal output path.
[0027] This application first provides a voltage output circuit, please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage output circuit provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the voltage output circuit may include a first field-effect transistor Q1, a second field-effect transistor Q2, a diode Q3, a transistor Q4, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a first capacitor C1.
[0029] In this circuit, the source of the first field-effect transistor Q1, the source of the second field-effect transistor Q2, the first terminal of the first resistor R1, the emitter of the transistor Q4, and the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 are all connected to the voltage input terminal of the voltage output circuit. The gate of the first field-effect transistor Q1, the second terminal of the first resistor R1, the cathode of the diode Q3, and the first terminal of the second resistor R2 are all connected. The drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to the first voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q4. The collector of the transistor Q4, the first terminal of the third resistor R3, the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4, and the gate of the second field-effect transistor Q2 are all connected. The second terminal of the third resistor R3 and the anode of the diode Q3 are all connected to ground. The second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 are connected. The drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit.
[0030] The voltage output circuit provided in this application embodiment can be used to: output the target signal through the first voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold; and output the target signal through the second voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is less than the preset voltage threshold.
[0031] In the embodiments of this application, the first field-effect transistor Q1 is a PMOS transistor, the second field-effect transistor Q2 is a PMOS transistor, the diode Q3 is a Zener diode, and the transistor Q4 is a PNP transistor.
[0032] It should be noted that the first field-effect transistor Q1, the second field-effect transistor Q2, and the transistor Q4 can also be other types of transistors, but the connection relationship between the various components in the voltage output circuit needs to be changed.
[0033] In this embodiment, the preset voltage threshold can be determined by the reverse breakdown voltage of diode Q3. Therefore, in practical applications, users can select a Zener diode with a suitable reverse breakdown voltage as diode Q3 according to their actual needs.
[0034] For example, if the preset voltage threshold is to be set to 16 volts, a Zener diode with a reverse breakdown voltage of 16 volts can be selected as diode Q3. This allows the voltage output circuit to output the target signal through the first voltage output terminal when the target signal voltage at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to 16 volts; and to output the target signal through the second voltage output terminal when the target signal voltage at the voltage input terminal is less than 16 volts.
[0035] The following combination Figure 1 The working principle of the voltage output circuit provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.
[0036] If the reverse breakdown voltage of diode Q3 is 16 volts, and the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to 16 volts (e.g., 24 volts), then diode Q3 will conduct due to reverse breakdown. Therefore, diode Q3 will have a continuous current, which will pull the base potential of transistor Q4 low (close to ground). Since transistor Q4 is a PNP transistor, and its base is at ground potential while its emitter is at 24 volts (the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is 24 volts), the VBE (voltage difference between the base and emitter) of transistor Q4 is less than 0, satisfying the conditions for a PNP transistor to conduct, and transistor Q4 will turn on. Because transistor Q4 is turned on, the gate voltage of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is pulled up to 24 volts (the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal). Since the source of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage input terminal, its source voltage is also 24 volts. Therefore, VGS (the voltage difference between the gate and source) of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is equal to 0, and Q2 is not turned on. The target signal at the voltage input terminal cannot be output through the second voltage output terminal (the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2). Because diode Q3 is reverse-biased and conducting, the gate voltage of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is pulled down. Since the source voltage of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is 24 volts (the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is 24 volts), VGS (the voltage difference between the gate and source) of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is less than 0, and Q1 is turned on. The target signal at the voltage input terminal can be output through the first voltage output terminal (the drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1).
[0037] If the reverse breakdown voltage of diode Q3 is 16 volts, and the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is less than 16 volts (e.g., 12 volts), then diode Q3 is cut off. Therefore, there is no continuous current in diode Q3, and the base potential of transistor Q4 is not pulled low. Consequently, VBE (the voltage difference between the base and emitter) of transistor Q4 is equal to 0. Since VBE of transistor Q4 does not meet the conditions for a PNP transistor to conduct, transistor Q4 is cut off. Because transistor Q4 is cut off, the gate of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is grounded, and the source of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the voltage input terminal. Therefore, the source voltage of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is 12 volts, and VGS (the voltage difference between the gate and source) of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is less than 0. The second field-effect transistor Q2 is turned on, and the target signal at the voltage input terminal can be output through the second voltage output terminal (the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2). Since diode Q3 is off, the gate voltage of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is equal to the source voltage of the first field-effect transistor Q1. Therefore, VGS (the voltage difference between the gate and the source) of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is equal to 0, the first field-effect transistor Q1 is off, and the target signal at the voltage input terminal cannot be output through the first voltage output terminal (the drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1).
[0038] The functions of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, and the first capacitor C1 are explained below.
[0039] The function of the first resistor R1 is to provide a pull-up / current limiting path for the base of transistor Q4; when diode Q3 is off, it pulls the base voltage of transistor Q4 to the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal; and it limits the base current of transistor Q4 to prevent excessive current from damaging transistor Q4 when it is accidentally turned on.
[0040] The function of the second resistor R2 is to work together with the first resistor R1 to stabilize the voltage and current of diode Q3; when diode Q3 breaks down in reverse, it works together with the first resistor R1 to limit the current flowing through diode Q3, thereby stabilizing the voltage of diode Q3.
[0041] The function of the third resistor R3 is to act as a pull-down resistor for the gate of the second field-effect transistor Q2, thereby limiting the gate current of Q2.
[0042] The function of the fourth resistor R4 is to limit the current flowing into the gate of the second field-effect transistor Q2 when the transistor Q4 is turned on, and to make the level change of the collector of the transistor Q4 more stable, thereby stabilizing the gate voltage of the second field-effect transistor Q2.
[0043] The function of the first capacitor C1 is to perform filtering, so that the gate voltage and source voltage of the second field-effect transistor Q2 are more stable.
[0044] In one possible implementation, the source of the first field-effect transistor Q1 includes a first source pin, a second source pin, and a third source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 includes a first drain pin, a second drain pin, a third source pin, and a fourth drain pin connected in parallel.
[0045] In one possible implementation, the source of the second field-effect transistor Q2 includes a fourth source pin, a fifth source pin, and a sixth source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2 includes a fifth drain pin, a sixth drain pin, a seventh source pin, and an eighth drain pin connected in parallel.
[0046] The purpose of providing multiple pins at the source and drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the source and drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2 is to: 1. Divert the current to the source and drain of both transistors Q1 and Q2, preventing excessive current from causing overheating and damage. 2. Reduce the on-resistance of both transistors Q1 and Q2, thereby reducing their power consumption. 3. Enhance the heat dissipation performance of both transistors Q1 and Q2, preventing overheating and damage. 4. Reduce signal interference at the source and drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2, making the signals at the source and drain of the first field-effect transistor Q1 and the second field-effect transistor Q2 more stable.
[0047] As can be seen from the above, the voltage output circuit provided in the embodiments of this application includes a first field-effect transistor, a second field-effect transistor, a diode, a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a first capacitor. In this circuit, the source of the first field-effect transistor (FET), the source of the second FET, the first terminal of the first resistor, the emitter of the transistor, and the first terminal of the first capacitor are all connected to the voltage input terminal of the voltage output circuit. The gate of the first FET, the second terminal of the first resistor, the cathode of the diode, and the first terminal of the second resistor are all connected together. The drain of the first FET is connected to the first voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the base of the transistor. The collector of the transistor, the first terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the gate of the second FET are all connected together. The second terminal of the third resistor and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground. The second terminal of the fourth resistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor are connected together. The drain of the second FET is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The voltage output circuit is used to: output the target signal through the first voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold; and output the target signal through the second voltage output terminal if the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold. The voltage output circuit of this application can achieve the following functions without the need for a controller: when the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the first voltage output terminal; when the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the second voltage output terminal. In other words, without the need for a controller, it can automatically select the appropriate signal output path based on the voltage of the target signal to output the target signal, thus simultaneously meeting the requirements of low cost and high convenience.
[0048] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage output circuit provided in another embodiment of this application.
[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is similar to Figure 1 The difference in the corresponding embodiment is that the voltage output circuit provided in this embodiment also includes a second capacitor C2.
[0050] In this circuit, the first terminal of the second capacitor C2, the second terminal of the third resistor R3, and the anode of the diode Q3 are all connected to ground. The second terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q2 are all connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit.
[0051] Specifically, the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit along with the fifth drain pin, sixth drain pin, seventh source pin, and eighth drain pin of the second field-effect transistor Q2.
[0052] The function of the second capacitor C2 is: 1. As a filter capacitor for the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit, making the target signal output from the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit more stable.
[0053] This application provides an electrical device that includes a voltage output circuit provided in any embodiment of this application.
[0054] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.
[0055] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
[0056] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A voltage output circuit, characterized by, The voltage output circuit includes a first field-effect transistor (FET), a second field-effect transistor (FET), a diode, a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a first capacitor. The source of the first FET, the source of the second FET, the first terminal of the first resistor, the emitter of the transistor, and the first terminal of the first capacitor are all connected to the voltage input terminal of the voltage output circuit. The gate of the first FET, the second terminal of the first resistor, the cathode of the diode, and the first terminal of the second resistor are all connected. The drain of the first FET is connected to the first voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the base of the transistor. The collector of the transistor, the first terminal of the third resistor, the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the gate of the second FET are all connected. The second terminal of the third resistor and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground. The second terminal of the fourth resistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor are connected. The drain of the second FET is connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit. The voltage output circuit is used for: If the voltage of the target signal at the voltage input terminal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold, then the target signal is output through the first voltage output terminal. If the voltage of the target signal is less than the preset voltage threshold, the target signal is output through the second voltage output terminal.
2. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized by, The voltage output circuit further includes a second capacitor; the first terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the third resistor, and the anode of the diode are all connected to ground, and the second terminal of the second capacitor and the drain of the second field-effect transistor are all connected to the second voltage output terminal of the voltage output circuit.
3. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The source of the first field-effect transistor includes a first source pin, a second source pin, and a third source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the first field-effect transistor includes a first drain pin, a second drain pin, a third source pin, and a fourth drain pin connected in parallel.
4. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first field-effect transistor is a PMOS transistor.
5. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The source of the second field-effect transistor includes a fourth source pin, a fifth source pin, and a sixth source pin connected in parallel; the drain of the second field-effect transistor includes a fifth drain pin, a sixth drain pin, a seventh source pin, and an eighth drain pin connected in parallel.
6. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second field-effect transistor is a PMOS transistor.
7. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diode is a Zener diode.
8. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset voltage threshold is determined based on the reverse breakdown voltage of the diode.
9. The voltage output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transistor is a PNP type transistor.
10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a voltage output circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.