An exterior wall, interior wall, roof and building thereof

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of outer wall, inner wall, roof and its building, it is related to building technical field.Outer wall includes: by first steel mesh, second steel mesh and oblique reinforcement welding formation's space truss's steel framework, steel framework inboard anchoring first precast part, outside is fixed through oblique reinforcement insulation board;Two enclosures form cast-in-place chamber, after site pouring concrete, with steel framework, precast part anchoring and bonding as integral structure.Inner wall uses double-sided precast part to enclose cast-in-place chamber.Roof structure is same as outer wall, first precast part is located under framework side and forms cast-in-place chamber and is compatible floor use.Building is composed of above component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building technology, and in particular to an exterior wall, interior wall, roof and the building thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Architecture refers to all man-made buildings and structures. In a narrow sense, a building specifically refers to a space with a foundation, walls, roof, doors and windows, which can provide shelter from wind and rain and provide functions such as human habitation, work or storage.

[0003] Currently, the construction of walls and roofs mainly adopts two methods: cast-in-place and precast. Cast-in-place construction requires the completion of processes such as rebar tying, formwork erection, concrete pouring, curing, and subsequent formwork removal on the construction site. Its technical drawbacks are the cumbersome on-site procedures (especially rebar tying and formwork erection and dismantling), long construction period, and high labor costs.

[0004] Precast construction involves casting pre-formed wall or roof components in a factory and then transporting them to the site for installation. Its technical drawbacks include: the large weight and volume of precast concrete components significantly increase transportation costs; on-site hoisting is difficult and adaptable (complex changes are possible); and large-scale precast production itself faces high cost pressures.

[0005] Given the stringent requirements of national standards for the safety and performance of building structures (walls, roofs, etc.), their reinforcement systems are typically quite complex, and the overall weight of the components is substantial. Therefore, both cast-in-place and precast construction face significant technical bottlenecks in terms of efficiency improvement, cost control, and handling complex site conditions. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this utility model provides an exterior wall, an interior wall, a roof and the building thereof, in order to solve the problems in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This utility model provides an exterior wall, which includes:

[0009] The steel reinforcement frame includes a first steel reinforcement mesh and a second steel reinforcement mesh, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh.

[0010] The precast component includes a first precast part located inside the steel reinforcement cage, wherein the first precast part is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication.

[0011] An insulation board is located on the outside of the reinforcing steel frame. The insulation board is inserted into the outer extension of the inclined reinforcing steel, and the inner side of the insulation board is tightly attached to the outer side of the second reinforcing steel mesh.

[0012] The first precast component and the insulation board together enclose the gap space reserved in the steel reinforcement skeleton to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh, the second steel reinforcement mesh, the diagonal steel reinforcement and the first precast component to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0013] In one possible implementation, both the first and second steel meshes are formed by welding together a number of longitudinal and transverse steel bars, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming a steel mesh opening.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the exterior wall further includes a metal mesh located outside the insulation board, the metal mesh being fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined reinforcing bar.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the prefabricated component further includes a second prefabricated component, which is anchored and bonded to the metal mesh during factory prefabrication.

[0016] In one possible implementation, both the second precast component and the first precast component are made of cement casting. The outer surfaces of the second precast component and the first precast component are smooth and flat, and their left ends are provided with protruding tenons, and their right ends are provided with mortises that mate with the tenons.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the exterior wall further includes a composite sandwich mesh located outside the insulation board, and the composite sandwich mesh is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined reinforcing bar.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, the exterior wall improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0019] Specifically, the steel reinforcement cage, including the first steel mesh, the second steel mesh, and the diagonal reinforcement, is prefabricated and welded into a single unit in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site steel reinforcement tying. Simultaneously, the first precast component and insulation board, prefabricated in the factory and integrated with the steel reinforcement cage, naturally form a cast-in-place chamber, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This simplifies the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs for steel reinforcement tying, formwork erection, and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement cage and the first precast component / insulation board in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, compared to a fully prefabricated wall, the transport weight and volume are significantly reduced, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0020] In addition, the concrete was poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to ensure the quality of the concrete molding; after hardening, the concrete was tightly anchored and bonded to the steel reinforcement frame and precast components, forming a high-strength and high-rigidity overall load-bearing structure, which ensured the structural safety and stability of the exterior wall.

[0021] This utility model provides an interior wall, which includes:

[0022] The steel reinforcement frame includes a first steel reinforcement mesh and a second steel reinforcement mesh, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh.

[0023] The precast component includes a first precast component located inside the steel reinforcement cage, wherein the first precast component is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication; and a second precast component located outside the steel reinforcement cage, wherein the second precast component is anchored and bonded to the second steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication.

[0024] The first and second precast components together enclose the gap space reserved in the steel reinforcement skeleton to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, it is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh, the second steel reinforcement mesh, the diagonal steel reinforcement, and the first and second precast components to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0025] In one possible implementation, both the first and second steel meshes are formed by welding together a number of longitudinal and transverse steel bars, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming a steel mesh opening.

[0026] In one possible implementation, both the second precast component and the first precast component are made of cement casting. The outer surfaces of the second precast component and the first precast component are smooth and flat, and their left ends are provided with protruding tenons, and their right ends are provided with mortises that mate with the tenons.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, the interior wall improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0028] Specifically, the steel reinforcement cage, including the first steel mesh, the second steel mesh, and the diagonal reinforcement, is prefabricated and welded into a single unit in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site steel reinforcement tying. Simultaneously, the first and second prefabricated components, prefabricated in the factory and integrated with the steel reinforcement cage, naturally form a cast-in-place chamber, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This streamlines the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs for steel reinforcement tying, formwork erection, and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement cage and prefabricated components in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, compared to a fully prefabricated wall, the transport weight and volume are significantly reduced, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0029] In addition, the concrete was poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to ensure the quality of the concrete molding; after hardening, the concrete was tightly anchored and bonded to the steel reinforcement cage and precast components, forming a high-strength and high-rigidity overall load-bearing structure, which ensured the structural safety and stability of the interior wall.

[0030] This utility model provides a roof, which can also be used for floors, the roof comprising:

[0031] The steel reinforcement frame includes a first steel reinforcement mesh and a second steel reinforcement mesh, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh and the second steel reinforcement mesh.

[0032] The precast component includes a first precast part located below the steel reinforcement cage, wherein the first precast part is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication.

[0033] The first precast component blocks the gap space reserved in the steel reinforcement cage to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh, the second steel reinforcement mesh, the diagonal steel reinforcement, and the first precast component to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0034] In one possible implementation, both the first and second steel meshes are formed by welding together a number of longitudinal and transverse steel bars, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming a steel mesh opening.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the first precast component is made of cement casting and has a thickness of 30mm. The lower side of the first precast component is smooth and flat. The left end of the first precast component is provided with a protruding tenon, and the right end is provided with a mortise that mates with the tenon.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the roof can also be used for building floors. By integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, the roof improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0037] Specifically, the steel reinforcement cage, including the first steel mesh, the second steel mesh, and the diagonal reinforcement, is prefabricated and welded into a single unit in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site steel reinforcement tying. Simultaneously, the first precast component, prefabricated in the factory and integrated with the steel reinforcement cage, naturally forms a cast-in-place chamber, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This streamlines the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs for steel reinforcement tying, formwork erection, and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement cage and precast components in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, compared to a fully precast wall, the transport weight and volume are significantly reduced, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0038] In addition, the concrete was poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to ensure the quality of the concrete molding; after hardening, the concrete was tightly anchored and bonded to the steel reinforcement frame and precast components, forming a high-strength and high-rigidity overall load-bearing structure, which ensured the structural safety and stability of the roof.

[0039] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall.

[0040] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned interior wall.

[0041] This utility model provides a building, including the roof described above.

[0042] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall and the aforementioned interior wall.

[0043] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall and the aforementioned roof.

[0044] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned interior wall and the aforementioned roof.

[0045] This utility model provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall, interior wall, and roof.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the building has the advantages of no binding, no formwork, lightweight transportation, and on-site casting into an integral structure, and ultimately achieves the goals of improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring quality. It is especially suitable for large-scale construction projects such as high-rise residential buildings and commercial complexes. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior wall structure in Example 1;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a structural side view of the exterior wall in Example 1;

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the middle;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior wall structure in Example 2;

[0052] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the middle;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interior wall structure in Example 3;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a structural side view of the interior wall in Example 3;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the roof structure in Example 4;

[0056] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of a section in the middle C;

[0057] Figure 10 This is a structural side view of the roof in Example 4;

[0058] 1-Exterior wall; 2-Interior wall; 3-Roof;

[0059] 4-Reinforcing steel cage; 41-First reinforcing steel mesh; 42-Second reinforcing steel mesh; 43-Diagonal reinforcing steel; 44-Warp reinforcing steel; 45-Weft reinforcing steel;

[0060] 5-Precast component; 51-First precast component; 52-Second precast component; 53-Tenon; 54-Morthole;

[0061] 6-Insulation board;

[0062] 7-Metal mesh;

[0063] 8-Composite sandwich mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. In addition, for the sake of convenience, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are equivalent to the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the accompanying drawings themselves, and the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes and have no other special meaning.

[0065] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides an exterior wall that is perpendicular to the ground and includes a steel reinforcement frame, prefabricated components, and an insulation board, as detailed below:

[0066] The reinforcing steel cage consists of a first and a second reinforcing steel mesh, both in the form of mesh sheets. The first and second reinforcing steel meshes are welded together by several diagonally arranged reinforcing bars to form a spatial truss structure. A pre-reserved gap is left between the first and second reinforcing steel meshes. Therefore, the first and second reinforcing steel meshes and the diagonally arranged reinforcing bars are prefabricated and welded together in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site reinforcing bar tying, shortening the construction cycle, improving construction progress and efficiency, and directly saving labor costs associated with reinforcing bar tying.

[0067] Furthermore, the steel reinforcement cage is manufactured in a standardized, batch-production manner in the factory, resulting in high efficiency and consistent quality. The prefabricated steel reinforcement mesh has strong overall integrity, reducing the workload of on-site steel reinforcement tying and greatly simplifying on-site operations.

[0068] The precast component includes a first precast component located inside the steel reinforcement cage. The first precast component is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication. The first steel reinforcement mesh provides a reliable anchoring and bonding foundation for the first precast component, ensuring a firm connection between the precast component and the steel reinforcement cage.

[0069] In specific application scenarios, the first precast component is provided with observation holes. There are multiple observation holes in different locations. When pouring concrete, the pouring situation of the concrete can be observed through the observation holes, so that the concrete can be vibrated and compacted, and the quality of concrete forming can be guaranteed.

[0070] The insulation board is located on the outside of the steel reinforcement cage. The insulation board is inserted into the outer extension of the inclined steel reinforcement, and the inner side of the insulation board is closely attached to the outer side of the second steel reinforcement mesh. The insulation board and the steel reinforcement cage work together to act as an external formwork that does not require support or dismantling. The insulation board serves as the outer enclosure of the cast-in-place chamber, directly replacing traditional wooden or metal formwork, thus achieving formwork-free construction.

[0071] Therefore, by prefabricating the first precast component and insulation board in the factory and integrating them with the steel reinforcement frame, a cast-in-place chamber is naturally formed, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This simplifies the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs associated with formwork erection and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement frame and the first precast component / insulation board in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, the weight and volume of the transported components are significantly reduced compared to a fully precast wall, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0072] In this structure, the first precast component and the insulation board together enclose the gaps reserved in the steel reinforcement cage, forming a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to ensure compaction. After the concrete hardens, it is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh, the second steel reinforcement mesh, the diagonal reinforcement, and the first precast component, forming a unified load-bearing structure. Therefore, pouring and compacting concrete into the cast-in-place chamber ensures the quality of concrete forming; after hardening, the concrete is tightly anchored and bonded to the steel reinforcement cage and precast components, forming a high-strength, high-rigidity unified load-bearing structure, ensuring the structural safety and stability of the exterior wall.

[0073] In specific application scenarios, this exterior wall, by integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0074] In some examples, both the first and second steel meshes are made of several longitudinal and transverse steel bars welded together, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming steel mesh openings.

[0075] In specific applications, the welded longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars form a unified structure, which is fundamental to the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire framework. The welded joints of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars have high strength and rigidity, effectively transferring tensile, compressive, and shear stresses, thus enhancing the overall integrity and rigidity of the exterior wall structure. Simultaneously, the dense mesh of the reinforcing bars increases the contact surface area between the reinforcing bars and the subsequently poured concrete, ensuring a strong anchoring bond between the concrete and the reinforcing bar framework.

[0076] The first and second steel meshes are welded into a mesh sheet in a factory environment, which can precisely control the spacing and row spacing of the warp and weft steel bars as well as the flatness of the entire mesh sheet, so that the first precast component can be accurately anchored and bonded to the steel mesh.

[0077] Furthermore, the diameter of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars is 6-12mm, and the mesh size of the reinforcing bars is 200*200mm.

[0078] In specific applications, the longitudinal and latitudinal reinforcement bars form a two-way reinforcement system, which can effectively bear and transfer loads from different directions. At the same time, the dense steel mesh effectively constrains the concrete, restricts its deformation, helps to disperse local stress concentration, reduces the generation and development of cracks under concrete shrinkage and load, and improves the crack resistance of the wall.

[0079] Furthermore, the insulation board is made of polystyrene and is 100mm thick.

[0080] In specific applications, polystyrene (EPS / XPS) has an extremely low thermal conductivity, which can effectively block thermal bridges and significantly improve the thermal insulation and flame retardant performance of exterior walls, meeting building energy-saving design standards and achieving thermal insulation of exterior walls. At the same time, the high compressive strength of polystyrene boards can withstand the lateral pressure of concrete pouring, preventing deformation and serving as a non-removable external formwork.

[0081] In some examples, the exterior wall also includes a metal mesh located outside the insulation board, which is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the diagonal reinforcing bars.

[0082] In specific application scenarios, since the surface of polystyrene insulation board is smooth, it cannot be directly bonded to the cement-based second precast component. The metal mesh, as a rigid transition layer, provides a reliable mechanical anchoring foundation for the second precast component by being fixedly connected with the diagonal steel bars, thus solving the anchoring problem of the second precast component.

[0083] The metal mesh is fixedly connected to the diagonal steel bars, so the wind load and impact force borne by the second precast component can be evenly transferred to the steel reinforcement skeleton, avoiding stress concentration on the insulation board and causing crushing.

[0084] In addition, the wire diameter of the metal mesh is 3mm, and the mesh size is 50*50mm. The 3mm diameter wire mesh and the 50mm mesh size form a high-density mesh frame, which wraps and constrains the insulation board and the outer second prefabricated component, improving crack resistance.

[0085] In some examples, the prefabricated component also includes a second prefabricated component that is anchored and bonded to the metal mesh during factory prefabrication.

[0086] In specific application scenarios, the second prefabricated component is anchored and bonded to the metal mesh through factory prefabrication, replacing traditional on-site plastering and tiling processes, thus solving the problem of hollow and detached finishes. This forms a composite system of "second prefabricated component - metal mesh - insulation board - steel reinforcement frame".

[0087] In some examples, both the second and first precast components are made of cement casting and are 30 mm thick. The outer surfaces of the second and first precast components are smooth and flat, and the left end of each component has a protruding tenon, while the right end has a mortise that mates with the tenon.

[0088] In specific applications, the first and second precast cement-based components are homogeneous with the cast-in-place concrete. After hardening, they form a molecular-level bond through a hydration reaction, resulting in high bonding strength and thus solving the problem of interlayer delamination in traditional composite walls. Furthermore, their thermal conductivity matches that of the concrete wall, eliminating thermal bridging and reducing the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall.

[0089] Secondly, by using prefabrication in the factory, the outer surfaces of the second and first prefabricated parts are smooth and flat, eliminating the need for plastering and saving on the later leveling process.

[0090] Furthermore, the mortise and tenon connection structure between the first and second prefabricated components enables self-positioning assembly between the walls, requiring only hoisting and alignment by workers, making installation incredibly simple.

[0091] In some examples, the exterior wall also includes a composite sandwich mesh located outside the insulation board, which is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the diagonal reinforcing bars.

[0092] For details on the performance and function of composite sandwich mesh in specific application scenarios, please refer to Chinese Utility Model Patent No. 2025212768754, which will not be elaborated upon here. Since the surface of polystyrene insulation board is smooth and cannot be directly bonded to the outer cement-based decorative material, the composite sandwich mesh, as a rigid transition layer, provides a reliable mechanical anchoring foundation for the outer cement-based decorative material through its fixed connection with diagonal reinforcing bars.

[0093] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides an interior wall that is perpendicular to the ground and includes a steel reinforcement frame and prefabricated components, as detailed below:

[0094] The reinforcing steel cage consists of a first and a second reinforcing steel mesh, both in the form of mesh sheets. The first and second reinforcing steel meshes are welded together by several diagonally arranged reinforcing bars to form a spatial truss structure. A pre-reserved gap is left between the first and second reinforcing steel meshes. Therefore, the first and second reinforcing steel meshes and the diagonally arranged reinforcing bars are prefabricated and welded together in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site reinforcing bar tying, shortening the construction cycle, improving construction progress and efficiency, and directly saving labor costs associated with reinforcing bar tying.

[0095] Furthermore, the steel reinforcement cage is manufactured in a standardized, batch-production manner in the factory, resulting in high efficiency and consistent quality. The prefabricated steel reinforcement mesh has strong overall integrity, reducing the workload of on-site steel reinforcement tying and greatly simplifying on-site operations.

[0096] The precast component includes a first precast component located inside the steel reinforcement cage. The first precast component is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication. The first steel reinforcement mesh provides a reliable anchoring and bonding foundation for the first precast component, ensuring a firm connection between the precast component and the steel reinforcement cage.

[0097] It also includes a second precast component located outside the steel reinforcement cage. The second precast component is anchored and bonded to the second steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication. The second steel reinforcement mesh provides a reliable anchoring and bonding foundation for the second precast component, ensuring a firm connection between the precast component and the steel reinforcement cage.

[0098] In specific application scenarios, observation holes are provided on the first or second precast component. There are multiple observation holes located in different positions. When pouring concrete, the pouring situation of the concrete can be observed through the observation holes, so that the concrete can be vibrated and compacted, and the quality of concrete molding can be ensured.

[0099] Therefore, by prefabricating the first and second precast components in the factory and integrating them with the steel reinforcement framework, a cast-in-place chamber is naturally formed, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This simplifies the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs associated with formwork erection and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement framework and precast components in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, compared to integral precast walls, the transport weight and volume are significantly reduced, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0100] In this system, the first and second precast components together enclose the gaps reserved in the steel reinforcement cage, forming a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the chamber and vibrated to ensure compaction. After the concrete hardens, it is anchored and bonded to the first and second steel reinforcement meshes, the diagonal reinforcement bars, and the first and second precast components, forming a unified load-bearing structure. Therefore, pouring and compacting concrete into the cast-in-place chamber ensures the quality of the concrete forming; the hardened concrete is tightly anchored and bonded to the steel reinforcement cage and precast components, forming a high-strength, high-rigidity unified load-bearing structure, ensuring the structural safety and stability of the interior wall.

[0101] In specific application scenarios, this interior wall can also be used as a courtyard wall. By integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, this interior wall improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0102] In some examples, both the first and second steel meshes are made of several longitudinal and transverse steel bars welded together, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming steel mesh openings.

[0103] In specific applications, the welded longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars form a unified structure, which is fundamental to the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire framework. The welded joints between the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars have high strength and rigidity, effectively transferring tensile, compressive, and shear stresses, thus enhancing the overall integrity and rigidity of the interior wall structure. Simultaneously, the dense mesh of the reinforcing bars increases the contact surface area between the reinforcing bars and the subsequently poured concrete, ensuring a strong anchoring bond between the concrete and the reinforcing bar framework.

[0104] The first and second steel meshes are welded into a mesh sheet in a factory environment, which can precisely control the spacing and row spacing of the warp and weft steel bars as well as the flatness of the entire mesh sheet, so that the first and second precast components can be accurately anchored and bonded to the steel mesh.

[0105] Furthermore, the diameter of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars is 6-12mm, and the mesh size of the reinforcing bars is 200*200mm.

[0106] In specific applications, the longitudinal and latitudinal reinforcement bars form a two-way reinforcement system, which can effectively bear and transfer loads from different directions. At the same time, the dense steel mesh effectively constrains the concrete, restricts its deformation, helps to disperse local stress concentration, reduces the generation and development of cracks under concrete shrinkage and load, and improves the crack resistance of the wall.

[0107] In some examples, both the second and first precast components are made of cement casting and are 30 mm thick. The outer surfaces of the second and first precast components are smooth and flat, and the left end of each component has a protruding tenon, while the right end has a mortise that mates with the tenon.

[0108] In specific applications, the first and second precast cement-based components are homogeneous with the cast-in-place concrete. After hardening, they form a molecular-level bond through a hydration reaction, resulting in high bonding strength and thus solving the problem of interlayer delamination in traditional composite walls. Furthermore, their thermal conductivity matches that of the concrete wall, eliminating thermal bridging and reducing the heat transfer coefficient of the interior wall.

[0109] Secondly, by using prefabrication in the factory, the outer surfaces of the second and first prefabricated parts are smooth and flat, eliminating the need for plastering and saving on the later leveling process.

[0110] Furthermore, the mortise and tenon connection structure between the first and second prefabricated components enables self-positioning assembly between the walls, requiring only hoisting and alignment by workers, making installation incredibly simple.

[0111] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a roof that is parallel to the ground. This roof can also be used for multi-story buildings. The roof includes a steel frame and prefabricated components, as detailed below:

[0112] The reinforcing steel cage consists of a first and a second reinforcing steel mesh, both in the form of mesh sheets. The first and second reinforcing steel meshes are welded together by several diagonally arranged reinforcing bars to form a spatial truss structure. A pre-reserved gap is left between the first and second reinforcing steel meshes. Therefore, the first and second reinforcing steel meshes and the diagonally arranged reinforcing bars are prefabricated and welded together in the factory, eliminating the complex process of on-site reinforcing bar tying, shortening the construction cycle, improving construction progress and efficiency, and directly saving labor costs associated with reinforcing bar tying.

[0113] Furthermore, the steel reinforcement cage is manufactured in a standardized, batch-production manner in the factory, resulting in high efficiency and consistent quality. The prefabricated steel reinforcement mesh has strong overall integrity, reducing the workload of on-site steel reinforcement tying and greatly simplifying on-site operations.

[0114] The precast component includes a first precast component located below the steel reinforcement cage. The first precast component is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh during factory prefabrication. The first steel reinforcement mesh provides a reliable anchoring and bonding foundation for the first precast component, ensuring a firm connection between the precast component and the steel reinforcement cage.

[0115] Therefore, by prefabricating the first precast component in the factory and integrating it with the steel reinforcement framework, a cast-in-place chamber is naturally formed, eliminating the need for on-site formwork erection and dismantling. This simplifies the process, shortens the construction cycle, and improves construction progress and efficiency. This not only directly saves labor costs associated with formwork erection and dismantling, but also reduces the cost of formwork materials. Furthermore, by prefabricating only the lighter steel reinforcement framework and the first precast component in the factory, while the heavier concrete portion is poured on-site, the weight and volume of the transported components are significantly reduced compared to a fully precast wall, lowering transportation costs and simplifying on-site hoisting operations, thereby effectively reducing project costs.

[0116] In this system, the first precast component blocks the gaps left in the reinforcing steel frame, forming a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the chamber and compacted using vibration. After the concrete hardens, it anchors and bonds with the first and second reinforcing steel meshes, the diagonal reinforcing bars, and the first precast component, forming a unified load-bearing structure. Therefore, since the roof is parallel to the ground, only the first precast component needs to be placed under the reinforcing steel frame. Pouring and compacting concrete in the cast-in-place chamber ensures the quality of the concrete forming. After hardening, the concrete is tightly anchored and bonded to the reinforcing steel frame and precast components, forming a high-strength, high-rigidity unified load-bearing structure, ensuring the structural safety and stability of the roof.

[0117] In specific application scenarios, this roof, by integrating the advantages of factory prefabrication and on-site casting, improves construction efficiency and speed, shortens the construction period, effectively reduces project costs, and ensures construction quality and structural performance.

[0118] In some examples, both the first and second steel meshes are made of several longitudinal and transverse steel bars welded together, with adjacent longitudinal and transverse steel bars forming steel mesh openings.

[0119] In specific applications, the welded longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars form a unified structure, which is fundamental to the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire framework. The welded joints of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars have high strength and rigidity, effectively transferring tensile, compressive, and shear stresses, thus enhancing the overall integrity and rigidity of the exterior wall structure. Simultaneously, the dense mesh of the reinforcing bars increases the contact surface area between the reinforcing bars and the subsequently poured concrete, ensuring a strong anchoring bond between the concrete and the reinforcing bar framework.

[0120] The first and second steel meshes are welded into a mesh sheet in a factory environment, which can precisely control the spacing and row spacing of the warp and weft steel bars as well as the flatness of the entire mesh sheet, so that the first precast component can be accurately anchored and bonded to the steel mesh.

[0121] Furthermore, the diameter of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars is 6-12mm, and the mesh size of the reinforcing bars is 200*200mm.

[0122] In specific applications, the longitudinal and latitudinal reinforcement bars form a two-way reinforcement system, which can effectively bear and transfer loads from different directions. At the same time, the dense steel mesh effectively constrains the concrete, restricts its deformation, helps to disperse local stress concentration, reduces the generation and development of cracks under concrete shrinkage and load, and improves the crack resistance of the wall.

[0123] In some examples, the first precast component is made of cement and has a thickness of 30 mm. The lower side of the first precast component is smooth and flat. The left end of the first precast component has a protruding tenon, and the right end has a mortise that mates with the tenon.

[0124] In specific applications, the cement-based precast component and the cast-in-place concrete are homogeneous materials. After hardening, they form a molecular-level bond through a hydration reaction, resulting in high bonding strength and thus solving the problem of interlayer delamination in traditional composite walls. Furthermore, its thermal conductivity matches that of the concrete wall, eliminating thermal bridging and reducing the roof's heat transfer coefficient.

[0125] Secondly, by using prefabrication in the factory, the upper surface of the first prefabricated part is smooth and flat, eliminating the need for plastering and saving on the later leveling process.

[0126] Secondly, the mortise and tenon connection structure of the first prefabricated component enables self-positioning assembly between walls, requiring only hoisting and alignment by workers, making installation incredibly simple.

[0127] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building including the aforementioned exterior wall.

[0128] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building including the aforementioned interior wall.

[0129] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building including the above-mentioned roof.

[0130] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall and the aforementioned interior wall.

[0131] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall and the aforementioned roof.

[0132] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building, including the aforementioned interior wall and the aforementioned roof.

[0133] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall, the aforementioned interior wall, and the aforementioned roof.

[0134] In specific application scenarios, this building has the advantages of being free from binding and formwork, lightweight transportation, and being cast into an integral structure on site, ultimately achieving the goals of improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring quality. It is especially suitable for large-scale construction projects such as high-rise residential buildings and commercial complexes. Example 1

[0135] Based on the above concept, such as Figure 1-3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a specific application of the exterior wall, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall 1 includes:

[0136] Figure 2 As shown, the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 includes a first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and a second steel reinforcement mesh 42, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42 are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars 43 to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0137] Figure 2 As shown, the precast component 5 includes a first precast component 51 located inside the steel reinforcement cage 4. The first precast component 51 is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 during factory prefabrication.

[0138] Figure 3 As shown, the insulation board 6 is located on the outside of the steel reinforcement cage 4. The insulation board 6 is inserted into the outer extension of the inclined steel reinforcement 43, and the inner side of the insulation board 6 is tightly attached to the outer side of the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0139] The first precast component 51 and the insulation board 6 together enclose the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41, the second steel reinforcement mesh 42, the diagonal steel reinforcement 43 and the first precast component 51 to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0140] In the example, Figure 1 As shown, the first steel mesh 41 and the second steel mesh 42 are both made of several longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner and welded together. The adjacent longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 form steel mesh holes.

[0141] In the example, Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall 1 also includes a metal mesh 7, which is located on the outside of the insulation board 6 and is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined steel bar 43.

[0142] In the example, Figure 1 As shown, the prefabricated component 5 also includes a second prefabricated component 52, which is anchored and bonded to the metal mesh 7 during factory prefabrication.

[0143] In this example, both the second precast component 52 and the first precast component 51 are made of cast cement. The outer surfaces of the second precast component 52 and the first precast component 51 are smooth and flat, and their left ends are provided with protruding tenons 53. Figure 3 As shown, a mortise 54 is provided on the right end to mate with the tenon 53. Example 2

[0144] Based on the above concept, such as Figure 4-5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a specific application of the exterior wall, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the outer wall 1 includes:

[0145] Figure 5 As shown, the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 includes a first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and a second steel reinforcement mesh 42, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42 are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars 43 to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0146] Figure 4 As shown, the precast component 5 includes a first precast component 51 located inside the steel reinforcement cage 4. The first precast component 51 is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 during factory prefabrication.

[0147] Figure 4 As shown, the insulation board 6 is located on the outside of the steel reinforcement cage 4. The insulation board 6 is inserted into the outer extension of the inclined steel reinforcement 43, and the inner side of the insulation board 6 is tightly attached to the outer side of the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0148] The first precast component 51 and the insulation board 6 together enclose the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41, the second steel reinforcement mesh 42, the diagonal steel reinforcement 43 and the first precast component 51 to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0149] In the example, Figure 5 As shown, the first steel mesh 41 and the second steel mesh 42 are both made of several longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner and welded together. The adjacent longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 form steel mesh holes.

[0150] In this example, the first precast component 51 is made of cast cement. The outer surface of the first precast component 51 is smooth and flat, and its left end is provided with a protruding tenon 53. Figure 5 As shown, a mortise 54 is provided on the right end to mate with the tenon 53.

[0151] In the example, Figure 4As shown, the outer wall 1 also includes a composite sandwich mesh 8, which is located on the outside of the insulation board 6 and is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined steel bar 43. Example 3

[0152] Based on the above concept, such as Figure 6-7 As shown in this embodiment, an interior wall is provided for a specific application. Figure 6 As shown, the inner wall 2 includes:

[0153] Figure 7 As shown, the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 includes a first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and a second steel reinforcement mesh 42, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42 are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars 43 to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0154] Figure 6 As shown, the precast component 5 includes a first precast component 51 located inside the steel reinforcement cage 4, which is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 during factory prefabrication; it also includes a second precast component 52 located outside the steel reinforcement cage 4, which is anchored and bonded to the second steel reinforcement mesh 42 during factory prefabrication.

[0155] in, Figure 6 As shown, the first precast component 51 and the second precast component 52 together enclose the gap space reserved in the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41, the second steel reinforcement mesh 42, the diagonal steel reinforcement 43, as well as the first precast component 51 and the second precast component 52, to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0156] In the example, Figure 6 As shown, the first steel mesh 41 and the second steel mesh 42 are both made of several longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner and welded together. The adjacent longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 form steel mesh holes.

[0157] In this example, both the second precast component 52 and the first precast component 51 are made of cast cement, and the outer surfaces of both the second precast component 52 and the first precast component 51 are smooth and flat. Figure 7 As shown, it has a protruding tenon 53 on its left end and a mortise 54 on its right end that mates with the tenon 53. Example 4

[0158] Based on the above concept, such as Figure 8-10 As shown, this embodiment provides a roof for a specific application. Figure 8 As shown, the roof 3 can also be used for floors, and the roof 3 includes:

[0159] Figure 8 As shown, the steel reinforcement skeleton 4 includes a first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and a second steel reinforcement mesh 42, both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42 are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged oblique steel bars 43 to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 and the second steel reinforcement mesh 42.

[0160] Figure 10 As shown, the precast component 5 includes a first precast component 51 located below the steel reinforcement cage 4. The first precast component 51 is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41 during factory prefabrication.

[0161] The first precast component 51 blocks the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement cage 4 to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh 41, the second steel reinforcement mesh 42, the diagonal steel reinforcement 43 and the first precast component 51 to form an integral load-bearing structure.

[0162] In the example, Figure 9 As shown, the first steel mesh 41 and the second steel mesh 42 are both made of several longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner and welded together. The adjacent longitudinal steel bars 44 and weft steel bars 45 form steel mesh holes.

[0163] In this example, the first precast component 51 is made of cast cement and has a thickness of 30mm. The lower surface of the first precast component 51 is smooth and flat. Figure 9 As shown, the left end of the first precast part 51 is provided with a protruding tenon 53, and the right end is provided with a mortise 54 that mates with the tenon 53. Example 5

[0164] Based on the above concept, this embodiment provides a specific application of a building, including the aforementioned exterior wall 1. Example 6

[0165] Based on the above concept, this embodiment provides a building for a specific application, including the aforementioned interior wall 2. Example 7

[0166] Based on the above concept, this embodiment provides a building for a specific application, including the aforementioned roof 3. Example 8

[0167] Based on the above concept, the building provided in this embodiment includes the aforementioned outer wall 1 and the aforementioned inner wall 2. Example 9

[0168] Based on the above concept, the building provided in this embodiment includes the aforementioned exterior wall 1 and the aforementioned roof 3. Example 10

[0169] Based on the above concept, the building provided in this embodiment includes the aforementioned interior wall 2 and the aforementioned roof 3. Example 11

[0170] Based on the above concept, the building provided in this embodiment includes the aforementioned exterior wall 1, the aforementioned interior wall 2, and the aforementioned roof 3.

Claims

1. An exterior wall, characterized in that, The exterior wall (1) includes: The steel reinforcement frame (4) includes a first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and a second steel reinforcement mesh (42), both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42) are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged diagonal steel bars (43) to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42). The precast component (5) includes a first precast component (51) located inside the steel reinforcement cage (4), which is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) during factory prefabrication. The insulation board (6) is located on the outside of the steel reinforcement cage (4). The insulation board (6) is inserted into the outer extension of the inclined steel bar (43), and the inner side of the insulation board (6) is closely attached to the outer side of the second steel mesh (42). The first precast component (51) and the insulation board (6) together enclose the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement skeleton (4) to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41), the second steel reinforcement mesh (42), the diagonal steel reinforcement (43) and the first precast component (51) to form an integral load-bearing structure.

2. The exterior wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first steel mesh (41) and the second steel mesh (42) are both made of several longitudinal steel bars (44) and longitudinal steel bars (45) arranged and welded together. The longitudinal steel bars (44) and the longitudinal steel bars (45) adjacent to each other form a steel mesh hole.

3. The exterior wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall (1) also includes a metal mesh (7), which is located on the outside of the insulation board (6) and is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined steel bar (43).

4. The exterior wall according to claim 3, characterized in that, The prefabricated component (5) also includes a second prefabricated component (52), which is anchored and bonded to the metal mesh (7) during factory prefabrication.

5. The exterior wall according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second precast component (52) and the first precast component (51) are both made of cement casting. The outer surfaces of the second precast component (52) and the first precast component (51) are smooth and flat, and the left end is provided with a protruding tenon (53), and the right end is provided with a mortise (54) that mates with the tenon (53).

6. The exterior wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall (1) also includes a composite sandwich mesh (8), which is located on the outside of the insulation board (6) and is fixedly connected to the outer extension of the inclined steel bar (43).

7. An interior wall, characterized in that, The interior wall (2) includes: The steel reinforcement frame (4) includes a first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and a second steel reinforcement mesh (42), both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42) are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged diagonal steel bars (43) to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42). The precast component (5) includes a first precast component (51) located inside the steel reinforcement cage (4), which is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) during factory prefabrication; and a second precast component (52) located outside the steel reinforcement cage (4), which is anchored and bonded to the second steel reinforcement mesh (42) during factory prefabrication. The first precast component (51) and the second precast component (52) together enclose the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement skeleton (4) to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41), the second steel reinforcement mesh (42), the diagonal steel reinforcement (43), the first precast component (51), and the second precast component (52) to form an integral load-bearing structure.

8. The interior wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first steel mesh (41) and the second steel mesh (42) are both made of several longitudinal steel bars (44) and longitudinal steel bars (45) arranged and welded together. The longitudinal steel bars (44) and the longitudinal steel bars (45) adjacent to each other form a steel mesh hole.

9. The interior wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second precast component (52) and the first precast component (51) are both made of cement casting. The outer surfaces of the second precast component (52) and the first precast component (51) are smooth and flat, and the left end is provided with a protruding tenon (53), and the right end is provided with a mortise (54) that mates with the tenon (53).

10. A roof, characterized in that, The roof (3) can also be used for floors, and the roof (3) includes: The steel reinforcement frame (4) includes a first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and a second steel reinforcement mesh (42), both of which are mesh-like. The first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42) are welded and fixed by several obliquely arranged diagonal steel bars (43) to form a spatial truss structure. A gap space is reserved between the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) and the second steel reinforcement mesh (42). The precast component (5) includes a first precast component (51) located below the steel reinforcement frame (4), which is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41) during factory prefabrication. The first precast component (51) blocks the gap space reserved by the steel reinforcement skeleton (4) to form a cast-in-place chamber. At the construction site, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place chamber and vibrated to compact it. After the concrete hardens, the concrete is anchored and bonded to the first steel reinforcement mesh (41), the second steel reinforcement mesh (42), the diagonal steel reinforcement (43) and the first precast component (51) to form an integral load-bearing structure.

11. The roof according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first steel mesh (41) and the second steel mesh (42) are both made of several longitudinal steel bars (44) and longitudinal steel bars (45) arranged and welded together. The longitudinal steel bars (44) and the longitudinal steel bars (45) adjacent to each other form a steel mesh hole.

12. The roof according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first precast component (51) is made of cement casting. The lower side of the first precast component (51) is smooth and flat. The left end of the first precast component (51) is provided with a protruding tenon (53), and the right end is provided with a mortise (54) that matches the tenon (53).

13. A building, characterized in that, Includes the exterior wall (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6.

14. A building, characterized in that, Including the interior wall (2) as described in any one of claims 7-9.

15. A building, characterized in that, Including the roof as described in any one of claims 10-12 (3).

16. A building, characterized in that, It includes an exterior wall (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6, and an interior wall (2) as described in any one of claims 7-9.

17. A building, characterized in that, It includes the exterior wall (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6, and the roof (3) as described in any one of claims 10-12.

18. A building, characterized in that, It includes the interior wall (2) as described in any one of claims 7-9, and the roof (3) as described in any one of claims 10-12.

19. A building, characterized in that, It includes an exterior wall (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6, an interior wall (2) as described in any one of claims 7-9, and a roof (3) as described in any one of claims 10-12.

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