A high-efficiency rock breaking mechanism for a cutter head in an extremely hard rock formation and a rolling cutter

Abstract

The utility model discloses provide a kind of extremely hard rock formation cutterhead high-efficiency rock breaking mechanism and its cutter, it is related to shield machine technical field, including: cutter body, and the blade seat of being supported respectively in the both sides of cutter body;The circumferential end of the cutter body has center cutting edge, the surface of the center cutting edge has several surface grooves and several link grooves, the both ends of the link groove are communicated with two surface grooves respectively;Each surface groove is communicated with at least one link groove;The surface groove has several first metal protrusions that stretch out outwardly inside it.Using the scheme, the contact area of center cutting edge and geological layer can be increased by groove design, the surface pressure is reduced, so as to increase the strength of center cutting edge;In addition, the soil or other substances in the tunneling process can move along the groove, reduce its adhesion rate on the surface of center cutting edge, so as to enhance the excavation effect, finally through metal protrusion high-efficiency rock breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, specifically to a high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for a cutterhead in extremely hard rock formations and its cutting rollers. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped storage, as the most mature, economical, low-carbon, and safe regulating power source in the power system, boasts numerous advantages such as large capacity, high reliability, and good economic efficiency. It is a key means of constructing new power systems and a crucial focus for promoting the large-scale development of renewable energy and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system, thus possessing broad market prospects. In recent years, pumped storage power plants have initiated applied production research on trenchless drainage gallery technology using TBMs (tunnel boring machines) with small cross-sections (3.5m diameter) and large curvature (30m radius). Construction technologies for inclined shaft TBMs (bottom-up) and vertical shaft SBMs (top-down) are also being explored and tested. Different equipment exhibits varying efficiency and cost characteristics due to differences in drive power, cutterhead arrangement, support shoe type, muck removal method, tunnel design alignment, and surrounding rock type. Some equipment has even experienced jamming, shutdowns, and repairs. Therefore, analyzing, summarizing, and improving the performance of existing TBM equipment to form mature processes and methods is an urgent need for the current construction of pumped storage power plants.

[0003] The engineering characteristics of small-diameter, ultra-small turning radius drainage corridors, such as short tunnel sections, small curves, frequent station crossings, and limited site conditions, render the original TBM system design for mountain water conveyance tunnels unsuitable and prone to accidents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and improve a compact TBM system capable of achieving small-diameter, ultra-small turning radii. Considering the overall adaptability of the machine for ultra-small turning radius construction, special designs are required for TBM steering, equipment throughput capacity, and conveyor muck removal to meet the performance requirements of rapid and intelligent tunneling with small-radius turns. Efficient rock breaking is the primary consideration for TBM construction with ultra-small turning radii, directly determining the TBM's adaptability to the geological conditions. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention addresses the problem of efficient rock breaking in TBM construction with ultra-small turning radii in existing technologies. Its purpose is to provide a high-efficiency rock breaking mechanism and its cutterhead for extremely hard rock formations. This design utilizes a grooved design to increase the contact area between the central cutting edge and the geological layer, reducing surface pressure and thus increasing the strength of the central cutting edge. Furthermore, soil or other materials moving along the groove during excavation reduce their adhesion to the surface of the central cutting edge, thereby enhancing the excavation effect. Finally, the metal protrusions efficiently break the rock.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A hobbing cutter, comprising:

[0007] The blade body, and the blade supports on both sides of the blade body;

[0008] The circumferential end of the blade has a central cutting edge, the surface of which has a plurality of surface grooves and a plurality of connecting grooves, the two ends of which are respectively connected to two of the surface grooves; each of the surface grooves is connected to at least one connecting groove.

[0009] The surface groove has several outwardly protruding first metal protrusions.

[0010] Compared with the existing technology that addresses the problem of efficient rock breaking in TBM construction with ultra-small turning radius, this utility model provides a roller cutter. By adopting this solution, the contact area between the central cutting edge and the geological layer can be increased through the trough design, reducing the surface pressure and thus increasing the strength of the central cutting edge. In addition, soil or other materials during the excavation process can move along the trough, reducing their adhesion rate on the surface of the central cutting edge, thereby enhancing the excavation effect. Finally, the metal protrusions efficiently break the rock. The specific solution includes a hob cutter fixed on the cutter head for cutting. The hob cutter consists of a cutter edge holder, a reinforcing edge, and a cutter body, all integrally formed. The cutter edge holder and reinforcing edge are tightly fitted to the cutter body, and all three are made of high-strength metal to increase the strength of the cutter body and ensure its service life during operation. The circumferential end of the cutter body is the central cutting edge, located at the center and in direct contact with the geological layer during operation. The surface of the central cutting edge has several irregularly distributed surface grooves, which are interconnected by connecting grooves. The first metal protrusion protrudes outward and directly contacts the geological layer. The other areas separated from the central cutting edge by the surface grooves are wear-resistant zones, and the surface of each wear-resistant zone is made of wear-resistant metal. The design of surface and connecting grooves increases the contact area between the central cutting edge and the geological layer, reducing the pressure on the surface of the central cutting edge and thus increasing its strength. Simultaneously, these grooves allow soil or other materials to move along them during excavation, reducing their adhesion to the central cutting edge and enhancing excavation efficiency. The first metal protrusion and wear-resistant zone directly contact the geological layer, further increasing the contact area between the central cutting edge and the layer, improving excavation speed and extending the service life of the central cutting edge. Therefore, the aforementioned groove and metal protrusion design significantly improves rock-breaking efficiency in TBMs with extremely small turning radii.

[0011] To support the surface groove, several reinforcing ribs arranged in a triangular pattern are fixed inside the surface groove, and the first metal protrusion is located within the triangular area. In this solution, each surface groove has a triangular reinforcing rib fixed inside, and each reinforcing rib has a first metal protrusion inside. By setting the triangular reinforcing ribs, the surface groove can be reinforced, thereby indirectly strengthening the central cutting edge and further improving its service life.

[0012] To increase the overall strength of the cutter body during the tunneling process, the cutter body has several reinforcing bosses with gradually decreasing diameters on its sides from the central cutting edge outwards, and the ends of the reinforcing bosses are inwardly curved arc surfaces. In this design, three reinforcing protrusions are preferably provided on both sides of the central cutting edge: a first reinforcing protrusion, a second reinforcing protrusion, and a third reinforcing protrusion. The central cutting edge, the first reinforcing protrusion, the second reinforcing protrusion, and the third reinforcing protrusion are integrally formed and are set close to the central cutting edge. All three are made of high-strength metal, which can further enhance the strength of the cutting edge. The connection between the first reinforcing protrusion and the central cutting edge is a first arc surface; the connection between the second reinforcing protrusion and the first reinforcing protrusion is a second arc surface; and the connection between the third reinforcing protrusion and the second reinforcing protrusion is a third arc surface. The first, second, and third arc surfaces are all curved inward, which can increase the overall strength of the cutting edge during the tunneling process. This is because the inwardly curved surfaces can effectively distribute the pressure to the three reinforcing protrusions, thereby ensuring the strength of the central cutting edge.

[0013] To enhance the tunneling effect from the side, several protrusions are evenly distributed on the arc surface; that is, the first arc surface, the second arc surface, and the third arc surface are respectively fixed with the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the third protrusion; the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the third protrusion are made of high-strength metal and will be in direct contact with the geological layer, which can enhance the tunneling effect from the side.

[0014] To further enhance the tunneling effect, several second metal protrusions are evenly distributed on the periphery of the reinforced bosses. In this design, these second metal protrusions are also made of high-strength metal and will directly contact the geological strata during operation, further increasing the contact area between the cutter body and the geological strata. They can also contact the geological strata from the side, thereby increasing the tunneling effect from the side and ensuring the overall tunneling effect.

[0015] Further solutions:

[0016] This utility model also provides a high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for cutterheads in extremely hard rock formations, including:

[0017] Cutterhead;

[0018] And the edge hobbing cutter section distributed on the end of the cutter head, the front hobbing cutter section distributed on the side of the cutter head, and the double-edged center cutter section distributed in the center of the cutter head;

[0019] The edge hobbing section, the front hobbing section, and the double-edged center hobbing section each have several hobbing cutters.

[0020] In the above scheme, the roller cutters described above are used in the roller cutter section, the positive roller cutter section, and the double-edged central cutter section on the cutterhead. When excavating hard strata in the tunnel, the pressure on the overall surface of the roller cutter is reduced during the rock-breaking process through the cutterhead, thereby increasing the strength of the roller cutter. At the same time, it also allows soil or other materials to move along the surface grooves and connecting grooves during the excavation process, reducing their adhesion rate on the surface of the central cutter edge, thereby enhancing the excavation effect. The first metal protrusion, the wear-resistant zone, and the second metal protrusion will directly contact the geological layer, which can further increase the contact area between the central cutter edge and the geological layer, resulting in better excavation and further ensuring the service life of the central cutter edge. This greatly improves the rock-breaking efficiency in the ultra-small turning radius of the TBM.

[0021] To adapt to the rock cutting requirements at different angles, the edge cutting section includes several edge cutters, which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential end of the cutter head, and the included angles between the edge cutters and the inner side of the cutter head surface are all different. In this solution, the edge cutting section includes an outer cutter holder, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the cutter head, and an inner cutter holder fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the outer cutter holder. A cutter is rotatably engaged between the two inner cutter holders, and a wedge is engaged on one side of the cutter. Several cutters are circumferentially distributed at the edge of the cutter head. The outer cutter holder is used for welding and fixing to the cutter head, allowing the cutter to be better fixed on the cutter head. The inner cutter holder is used to engage and fix the cutter. The wedge is used to fill the gap between the cutter and the inner cutter holder, fixing the cutter on the inner cutter holder, making the cutter more stable and preventing it from falling off during operation. The edge cutting section is used to cut the rock edges. The edge cutters roll along the rock surface, breaking the rock into fragments through friction. These fragments are then collected and discharged by the bucket and scraper on the cutter head, helping to form the tunnel outline. Because the cutterhead is subjected to enormous pressure and impact from the rock during tunneling, the side cutters are better able to withstand these impacts and form a stable tunnel boundary within the rock. During tunnel excavation, the performance and reliability of the side cutters directly affect excavation efficiency and safety; therefore, the selection and maintenance of the side cutters are crucial. This includes selecting suitable materials, the correct cutter angles, and regular maintenance and replacement to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the tunnel boring machine. The side cutter unit includes a first side cutter with an angle of 72 degrees to the inner side of the cutterhead surface, and a second side cutter positioned on one side of the first side cutter with an angle of 69 degrees to the inner side of the cutterhead surface. Side cutters with different angles can better cut rocks of the same diameter at different angles, resulting in better excavation. A third side cutter is located on one side of the second side cutter, with a 75-degree angle between the third side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. A fourth side cutter is located on the same side, with a 25-degree angle between the fourth side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. A fifth side cutter is located on the same side, with a 45-degree angle between the fifth side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. A sixth side cutter is located on the same side, with a 15-degree angle between the sixth side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. A seventh side cutter is located on the same side, with a 65-degree angle between the seventh side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. An eighth side cutter is located on the same side, with a 56-degree angle between the eighth side cutter and the inner side of the cutterhead surface. The side cutter section is designed with different angles to adapt to the rock cutting requirements at different angles, thereby improving excavation efficiency and adaptability. The angle design of each side cutter is tailored to specific rock hardness and cutting conditions to achieve the best cutting effect. For example, when encountering harder rocks, a larger angle cutting edge cutter can be selected for cutting; while when facing softer rocks or situations requiring fine cutting, a smaller angle cutting edge cutter can be selected.The first cutter head has an angle of 72 degrees, the second cutter head has an angle of 69 degrees, and the angles of the third to eighth cutter heads (17) are different, at 75 degrees, 25 degrees, 45 degrees, 15 degrees, 65 degrees, and 56 degrees respectively. This design allows the cutterhead to more flexibly handle rocks of different angles and hardnesses during rotation, thereby improving the adaptability and working efficiency of the entire tunneling machine.

[0022] To achieve better rock-breaking efficiency, the forward cutter section includes several forward cutters, which are distributed on concentric circles of different diameters on the cutter head. In this design, the forward cutter section includes several forward cutters distributed along the circumference of the cutter head, with each forward cutter positioned on a concentric circle of different diameters. The spacing between the forward cutters in the forward cutter section is optimized using engineering simulation finite element method software to achieve better rock-breaking efficiency. Simultaneously, a data analysis optimization toolbox is used to optimize the cutter arrangement, minimizing the unbalanced radial force, overturning moment, and vibration experienced by the cutter head during operation, thereby extending the tool life. Several forward cutters form an angle of 78 degrees with the inner side of the cutter head surface, with one forward cutter forming an angle of 81 degrees. The forward cutters are responsible for vertically cutting the rock, helping the cutter head form a tunnel within the rock.

[0023] To improve the rock-breaking capacity of the central area, the double-edged central cutter section includes several double-edged central cutters, which are arranged in a cross shape at the center of the cutter head, with the cutting directions of the double-edged central cutters in two directions perpendicular to each other; there is an angle between the double-edged central cutters and the inner side of the cutter head. In this design, the double-edged central cutter section includes a fixing block, on which the double-edged central cutters are snapped. There are two sets of fixing blocks, which are arranged in a cross shape perpendicularly at the center of the cutter head. The fixing blocks are used to snap and fix the double-edged central cutters. During the development of the cutter, laser cladding is used to test materials with different alloy compositions to determine the optimal combination of powder composition and process parameters, and to develop cutters with high geological adaptability and high durability, thereby improving the service life and reliability of the main bearing device. The double-edged central cutters are circular, with an 85-degree angle between the double-edged central cutter and the inner side of the cutter head surface, and are on the same horizontal line. One set of double-edged central cutters is evenly distributed on both sides of the other set of double-edged central cutters. Two sets of double-edged center cutters are arranged in an "I" shape in both the horizontal and vertical directions, effectively concentrating the crushing force and improving the rock-breaking capacity of the central area. Simultaneously, the design of the offset cutter ring structure enhances the lateral crushing capacity of the cutterhead, adapting to rock crushing needs in different directions. The two sets of double-edged center cutters rotate perpendicularly to each other, with the blades evenly distributed in the horizontal direction. The double-edged center cutters have two cutting edges, enabling them to cut rock in two directions, contributing to improved rock-breaking efficiency. The perpendicular rotation of the two sets of double-edged center cutters improves the rock-breaking efficiency and stability of the tunnel boring machine. In tunnel boring machine construction, double-edged center cutters are typically used to cut rock, using the combined thrust and torque of the cutterhead to cut a series of concentric circular grooves on the excavation face. The design of the double-edged center cutters allows them to apply force at different angles, which can more effectively crush rock while reducing wear on individual blades, thus increasing tool life. Furthermore, the perpendicular arrangement of the double-edged center cutters ensures that each blade participates evenly in the rock-breaking process, thereby improving overall rock-breaking efficiency and tool life.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This utility model provides a high-efficiency rock breaking mechanism for extremely hard rock formations and its roller cutter. Through this diversified side roller cutter configuration, the cutter head can cut the rock from all directions and multiple angles when rotating, which can not only improve cutting efficiency, but also reduce wear on certain parts of the cutter, extend the service life of the cutter, and maintain the stability of the excavation face.

[0026] 2. This utility model provides a high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for a cutterhead in extremely hard rock formations and its cutterheads. In this design, the spacing between the cutterheads is optimized using engineering simulation finite element software to achieve better rock-breaking efficiency. Simultaneously, a data analysis optimization toolbox is used to optimize the cutterhead arrangement, minimizing the unbalanced radial force, overturning moment, and vibration experienced by the cutterhead during operation, thereby extending the tool life. The two sets of double-edged center cutters are arranged in an "I" shape in both the horizontal and vertical directions, effectively concentrating the breaking force and improving the rock-breaking capacity of the central area. Furthermore, the design of the offset cutter ring structure enhances the lateral breaking capacity of the cutterhead, adapting to rock breaking requirements in different directions. The double-edged center cutter has two cutting edges, enabling it to cut rock in two directions, thus improving rock-breaking efficiency. The perpendicular rotation directions of the two sets of double-edged center cutters improve the rock-breaking efficiency and stability of the tunnel boring machine. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cutter head according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 A side view of the tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A side view of the fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A front view of the tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A front view of a fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the blade body of one embodiment of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 7 Provided by this utility model Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of the central blade.

[0035] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0036] 1-First side hobbing cutter, 11-Second side hobbing cutter, 12-Third side hobbing cutter, 13-Fourth side hobbing cutter, 14-Fifth side hobbing cutter, 15-Sixth side hobbing cutter, 16-Seventh side hobbing cutter, 17-Eighth side hobbing cutter, 18-Straight hobbing cutter, 19-Double-edged center cutter, 20-Cutler head, 21-Inner cutter holder, 22-Outer cutter holder, 23-Wedge block, 24-Fixing block; 30-Cutler edge holder, 40-Reinforcing edge, 50-Cutler body, 501-Center Blade, 502-Surface groove, 503-Connecting groove, 504-Reinforcing rib, 505-First metal protrusion, 506-Wear-resistant zone, 507-First reinforcing boss, 508-Second reinforcing boss, 509-Third reinforcing boss, 510-First arc surface, 511-Second arc surface, 512-Third arc surface, 513-First protrusion, 514-Second protrusion, 515-Third protrusion, 516-Second metal protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0038] Example 1: This Example 1 provides a hobbing cutter, such as... Figures 6-7 As shown, it includes:

[0039] The blade body 50, and the blade edge seats 30 respectively supported on both sides of the blade body 50;

[0040] The circumferential end of the blade body 50 has a central cutting edge 501. The surface of the central cutting edge 501 has a plurality of surface grooves 502 and a plurality of connecting grooves 503. The two ends of the connecting grooves 503 are respectively connected to two of the surface grooves 502. Each surface groove 502 is connected to at least one connecting groove 503.

[0041] The surface groove 502 has several outwardly protruding first metal protrusions 505.

[0042] Compared with the existing technology that addresses the problem of efficient rock breaking in TBM construction with ultra-small turning radius, this utility model provides a roller cutter. By adopting this solution, the contact area between the central cutting edge 501 and the geological layer can be increased through the trough design, reducing surface pressure and thus increasing the strength of the central cutting edge 501. In addition, soil or other materials during the excavation process can move along the trough, reducing their adhesion rate on the surface of the central cutting edge 501, thereby enhancing the excavation effect. Finally, the metal protrusions efficiently break the rock. The specific design includes a hob cutter fixed to the cutter head 20 for cutting. The hob cutter consists of a cutter edge holder 30, a reinforcing edge 40, and a cutter body 50, all integrally formed. The cutter edge holder 30 and the reinforcing edge 40 are set tightly against the cutter body 50, and all three are made of high-strength metal, which increases the strength of the cutter body 50 and ensures its service life during operation. The circumferential end of the cutter body 50 is a central cutting edge 501 for cutting. The central cutting edge 501 is located in the center and directly contacts the geological layer during operation. The surface of the central cutting edge 501 has several irregularly distributed surface grooves 502, which are interconnected by connecting grooves 503. The first metal protrusion 505 protrudes outward and directly contacts the geological layer. The other areas separated from the central cutting edge 501 by the surface grooves 502 are wear-resistant areas 506, and the surface of each wear-resistant area 506 is wear-resistant. The metal surface groove 502 and connecting groove 503 increase the contact area between the central cutting edge 501 and the geological layer, reducing the pressure on the surface of the central cutting edge 501 and thus increasing its strength. Simultaneously, the surface groove 502 and connecting groove 503 allow soil or other materials to move along them during excavation, reducing their adhesion to the surface of the central cutting edge 501 and enhancing excavation efficiency. The first metal protrusion 505 and the wear-resistant zone 506 directly contact the geological layer, further increasing the contact area between the central cutting edge 501 and the geological layer, improving excavation speed and ensuring the service life of the central cutting edge 501. Therefore, the aforementioned groove and metal protrusion configuration significantly improves rock-breaking efficiency in TBMs with ultra-small turning radii.

[0043] To support the surface groove 502, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 504 arranged in a triangular pattern are fixed inside the surface groove 502, and the first metal protrusion 505 is disposed within the triangular area. In this solution, each surface groove 502 is fixed with a triangular reinforcing rib 504 inside, and each reinforcing rib 504 is provided with a first metal protrusion 505 inside. Through the arrangement of the triangular reinforcing ribs 504, the surface groove 502 can be reinforced, thereby indirectly strengthening the central cutting edge 501 and further improving its service life.

[0044] To increase the overall strength of the cutter body 50 during the tunneling process, the cutter body 50 has several reinforcing bosses with gradually decreasing diameters along its sides from the central cutting edge 501 towards both sides. The ends of the reinforcing bosses are inwardly curved arc surfaces. In this design, three reinforcing bosses are preferably provided on both sides of the central cutting edge 501, namely, a first reinforcing boss 507, a second reinforcing boss 508, and a third reinforcing boss 509. The central cutting edge 501, the first reinforcing boss 507, the second reinforcing boss 508, and the third reinforcing boss 509 are integrally formed. The first reinforcing boss 507, the second reinforcing boss 508, and the third reinforcing boss 509 are set close to the central cutting edge 501, and all three are made of high-strength metal, which can further enhance the strength of the cutter body 50. The first reinforcing boss 507, the second reinforcing boss 508, and the third reinforcing boss 509 are set close to the central cutting edge 501, and all three are made of high-strength metal, which can further enhance the strength of the cutter body 50. The connection between the 7th and the central cutting edge 501 is the first arc surface 510; the connection between the second reinforcing boss 508 and the first reinforcing boss 507 is the second arc surface 511; the connection between the third reinforcing boss 509 and the second reinforcing boss 508 is the third arc surface 512. The first arc surface 510, the second arc surface 511, and the third arc surface 512 are all curved inward, which can increase the overall strength of the cutter body 50 during the tunneling process. Because the inwardly curved surface can effectively distribute the pressure to the three reinforcing bosses, the strength of the central cutting edge 501 can be guaranteed.

[0045] To enhance the tunneling effect from the side, several protrusions are evenly distributed on the arc surface; that is, the surfaces of the first arc surface 510, the second arc surface 511, and the third arc surface 512 are respectively fixed with the first protrusion 513, the second protrusion 514, and the third protrusion 515; the first protrusion 513, the second protrusion 514, and the third protrusion 515 are made of high-strength metal and will come into direct contact with the geological layer, which can enhance the tunneling effect from the side.

[0046] To further enhance the tunneling effect, several second metal protrusions 516 are evenly distributed on the periphery of the reinforced bosses. In this design, the several second metal protrusions 516 are also made of high-strength metal and will directly contact the geological layer during operation, which can further increase the contact area between the cutter body 50 and the geological layer. At the same time, it can also contact the geological layer from the side, thereby increasing the tunneling effect from the side and ensuring the overall tunneling effect.

[0047] Example 2: This Example 2 is a further optimization based on Example 1, and also provides a high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for an ultra-hard rock formation cutterhead 20, such as... Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes:

[0048] 20mm cutter head;

[0049] And the side hobbing cutter part distributed on the end of the cutter head 20, the front hobbing cutter 18 parts distributed on the side of the cutter head 20, and the double-edged center cutter 19 parts distributed in the center of the cutter head 20;

[0050] The edge hobbing cutter section, the front hobbing cutter section 18, and the double-edged center cutter section 19 each have several hobbing cutters.

[0051] In the above scheme, the roller cutters, the positive roller cutter 18, and the double-edged center cutter 19 on the cutterhead 20 all use the roller cutters as described above. When excavating hard strata in the tunnel, the pressure on the overall surface of the roller cutter is reduced during the rock breaking process through the cutterhead 20, thereby increasing the strength of the roller cutter. At the same time, it also allows soil or other materials to move along the surface groove 502 and the connecting groove 503 during the excavation process, reducing their adhesion rate on the surface of the center cutter 501, thereby enhancing the excavation effect. The first metal protrusion 505, the wear-resistant zone 506, and the second metal protrusion 516 will directly contact the geological layer, which can further increase the contact area between the center cutter 501 and the geological layer, resulting in better excavation and further ensuring the service life of the center cutter 501. This greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency in the ultra-small turning radius of the TBM.

[0052] To accommodate rock cutting at different angles, the edge cutting section includes several edge cutters, which are sequentially arranged along the circumferential end of the cutter head 20, and the included angles between the edge cutters and the inner side of the cutter head 20 are all different. In this design, the edge cutting section includes an outer cutter holder 22, the outer wall of which is fixedly connected to the cutter head 20. An inner cutter holder 21 is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the outer cutter holder 22, and a cutting tool is rotatably engaged between the two inner cutter holders 21. A wedge block 23 is engaged on one side of the cutting tool, and several cutting tools are circumferentially distributed at the edge of the cutter head 20. The outer cutter head 22 is used for welding and fixing to the cutterhead 20, allowing the cutter to be better fixed on the cutterhead 20. The inner cutter head 21 is used for clamping and fixing the cutter. The wedge 23 is used to fill the gap between the cutter and the inner cutter head 21, fixing the cutter to the inner cutter head 21, making the cutter more stable and preventing it from falling off during operation. The side rollers cut the rock edges, rolling along the rock surface and breaking the rock into fragments through friction. These fragments are then collected and discharged by the bucket and scraper on the cutterhead 20, helping to form the tunnel outline. Because the cutterhead 20 is subjected to enormous pressure and impact from the rock during excavation, the side rollers can better withstand these impacts and form a stable tunnel boundary within the rock. During tunnel excavation, the performance and reliability of the side rollers directly affect excavation efficiency and safety; therefore, the selection and maintenance of the side rollers are crucial. This includes selecting suitable materials, the correct cutter angle, and regular maintenance and replacement to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the tunnel boring machine. The side cutter section includes a first side cutter 1, which forms a 72-degree angle with the inner side of the cutterhead 20. A second side cutter 11 is located on one side of the first side cutter 1, forming a 69-degree angle with the inner side of the cutterhead 20. The different angles of the side cutters allow for better cutting of rocks of the same diameter at different angles, improving excavation efficiency. A third side cutter 12 is located on one side of the second side cutter 11, forming a 75-degree angle with the inner side of the cutterhead 20. A fourth side cutter 13 is located on one side of the third side cutter 12, forming a 25-degree angle with the inner side of the cutterhead 20. A fifth side cutter 14 is located on one side of the fourth side cutter 13, forming a 45-degree angle with the inner side of the cutterhead 20. A sixth side cutter 15 is located on one side of the fifth side cutter 14. The angle between the sixth side cutter 15 and the inner side of the cutterhead 20 is 15 degrees. A seventh side cutter 16 is located on one side of the sixth side cutter 15. The angle between the seventh side cutter 16 and the inner side of the cutterhead 20 is 65 degrees. An eighth side cutter 17 is located on one side of the seventh side cutter 16. The angle between the eighth side cutter 17 and the inner side of the cutterhead 20 is 56 degrees. The design of the side cutter section adapts to the rock cutting requirements at different angles by setting side cutters with different angles, thereby improving excavation efficiency and adaptability. The angle design of each side cutter is tailored to specific rock hardness and cutting conditions to achieve the best cutting effect.For example, when encountering harder rocks, a larger angle cutter can be selected for cutting; while for softer rocks or situations requiring fine cutting, a smaller angle cutter can be selected. The first cutter 1 has an angle of 72 degrees, the second cutter 11 has an angle of 69 degrees, and the angles of the third cutter 12 to the eighth cutter 1717 are all different, at 75 degrees, 25 degrees, 45 degrees, 15 degrees, 65 degrees, and 56 degrees respectively. This design allows the cutterhead 20 to more flexibly handle rocks of different angles and hardnesses during rotation, thereby improving the adaptability and working efficiency of the entire tunneling machine.

[0053] To achieve better rock-breaking efficiency, the forward cutter head 18 section includes several forward cutters 18, which are distributed on concentric circles of different diameters on the cutter head 20. In this design, the forward cutter head 18 section includes several forward cutters 18, which are distributed along the circumference of the cutter head 20, and each forward cutter 18 is distributed on concentric circles of different diameters. The spacing between the forward cutters 18 in the forward cutter head 18 section is optimized using engineering simulation finite element simulation software to achieve better rock-breaking efficiency. Simultaneously, a data analysis optimization toolbox is used to help optimize the cutter arrangement to minimize the unbalanced radial force, overturning moment, and vibration experienced by the cutter head 20 during operation, thereby extending the service life of the cutters. The angle between several forward cutters 18 and the inner side of the cutter head 20 surface is 78 degrees, with one forward cutter 18 having an angle of 81 degrees. The forward cutter 18 is responsible for cutting the rock vertically to help the cutter head 20 form a tunnel in the rock.

[0054] To improve the rock-breaking capability of the central area, the double-edged central cutter 19 includes several double-edged central cutters 19, which are arranged in a cross shape at the center of the cutter head 20, with the cutting directions of the double-edged central cutters 19 in two directions perpendicular to each other; there is an angle between the double-edged central cutters 19 and the inner side of the cutter head 20. In this design, the double-edged central cutter 19 includes a fixing block 24, on which the double-edged central cutters 19 are snapped. There are two sets of fixing blocks 24, which are arranged in a cross shape perpendicularly at the center of the cutter head 20. The fixing blocks 24 are used to snap and fix the double-edged central cutters 19. During the development of the cutter, laser cladding is used to test materials with different alloy compositions to determine the optimal combination of powder composition and process parameters, thereby developing a cutter with high geological adaptability and high durability, thus improving the service life and reliability of the main bearing device. The double-edged center cutter 19 is circular, with an 85-degree angle between it and the inner side of the cutterhead 20, and they are on the same horizontal line. One set of double-edged center cutters 19 is evenly distributed on both sides of the other set. The two sets of double-edged center cutters 19 form an "I" shape in both the horizontal and vertical directions, effectively concentrating the crushing force and improving the rock-breaking capacity of the central area. Simultaneously, the design of the offset blade ring structure enhances the lateral crushing capacity of the cutterhead 20, adapting to rock crushing requirements in different directions. The two sets of double-edged center cutters 19 rotate perpendicularly to each other, with the blades evenly distributed in the horizontal direction. The double-edged center cutter 19 has two cutting edges, enabling it to cut rock in two directions, thus improving rock-breaking efficiency. The perpendicular rotation directions of the two sets of double-edged center cutters 19 improve the rock-breaking efficiency and stability of the tunnel boring machine. During tunnel boring machine construction, the double-edged center cutter 19 is typically used to cut rock, using the combined thrust and torque of the cutterhead 20 to cut a series of concentric circular grooves on the excavation face. The design of the double-edged center blades 19 allows them to apply force at different angles, which can more effectively break rocks while reducing wear on individual blades, thus increasing tool life. Furthermore, the perpendicular arrangement of the double-edged center blades 19 ensures that each blade participates evenly in the rock-breaking process, thereby improving overall rock-breaking efficiency and tool life.

[0055] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hobbing cutter, characterized in that, include: The blade body (50) and the blade edge seats (30) respectively supported on both sides of the blade body (50); The blade body (50) has a central cutting edge (501) at its circumferential end. The surface of the central cutting edge (501) has a plurality of surface grooves (502) and a plurality of connecting grooves (503). The two ends of the connecting grooves (503) are respectively connected to two of the surface grooves (502); each surface groove (502) is connected to at least one connecting groove (503). The surface groove (502) has several outwardly protruding first metal protrusions (505).

2. A hobbing cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface groove (502) is fixed with a number of reinforcing ribs (504) arranged in a triangular pattern, and the first metal protrusion (505) is located in the triangular area.

3. A hobbing cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade (50) has several reinforcing bosses with gradually decreasing diameters on its sides from the central blade (501) to both sides. The ends of the reinforcing bosses are inwardly curved arc surfaces.

4. A hobbing cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arc surface is evenly distributed with several protrusions.

5. A hobbing cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, Several second metal protrusions (516) are evenly distributed on the periphery of several of the reinforcing bosses.

6. A high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for cutterheads in extremely hard rock formations, characterized in that, include: Cutter head (20); And the side hobbing cutter portion distributed on the end of the cutter head (20), the front hobbing cutter portion distributed on the side of the cutter head (20), and the double-edged center cutter portion distributed in the center of the cutter head (20); The side hobbing cutter section, the front hobbing cutter section, and the double-edged center cutter section are each equipped with a plurality of hobbing cutters as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for extremely hard rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The edge hobbing section includes a plurality of edge hobbing cutters, which are arranged sequentially along the circumferential end of the cutter disc (20), and the included angles between the plurality of edge hobbing cutters and the inner side of the cutter disc (20) are all different.

8. The high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for extremely hard rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The forward hobbing section includes a plurality of forward hobbing cutters (18), which are distributed on concentric circles of different diameters on the cutter head (20).

9. The high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for extremely hard rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The double-edged central blade section includes a plurality of double-edged central blades (19), which are arranged in a cross shape at the center of the blade disc (20), and the cutting directions of the double-edged central blades (19) in the two directions are perpendicular to each other.

10. The high-efficiency rock-breaking mechanism for extremely hard rock formations according to claim 9, characterized in that, There is an angle between the double-edged center blade (19) and the inner side of the blade disc.

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