A submerged heat exchange type cyclone dust collector waste heat boiler
By designing a submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler, the problem of dust removal and cooling of high-dust-content and high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat boiler is solved, thereby improving heat recovery efficiency and extending equipment life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NANJING HUADIAN ENERGY SAVING & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUIP
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing waste heat boilers have insufficient dust removal capabilities when handling high-dust, high-temperature flue gas. The flue gas tends to stick to the inner wall of the boiler, affecting the heat recovery efficiency. Furthermore, the rotation of the flue gas causes wear on the heat exchange tube walls.
The waste heat boiler adopts a buried heat exchange cyclone dust removal design. The inner cylinder serves as a fire tube evaporator, and the outer cylinder wall is equipped with a heat insulation layer and heat exchange tubes. The flue gas rotates between the inner and outer cylinders to remove dust and cool down. The heat exchange tubes are buried in the heat insulation layer to avoid wear from large particles of dust.
It achieves efficient dust removal and cooling, prevents large dust particles in the flue gas from wearing down the heat exchange tubes, and improves heat recovery efficiency and equipment lifespan.
Smart Images
Figure CN224353607U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of dust removal waste heat boilers, and specifically relates to a submerged heat exchange type cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler. Background Technology
[0002] Waste heat boilers are energy-saving devices that recover the thermal energy of industrial waste gas or gases not utilized in process operations, converting it into steam or hot water. Their core principle involves allowing high-temperature flue gas to flow sequentially through a waste heat recovery device and flue system, ultimately transferring the heat energy to a water medium for secondary energy utilization. They are primarily used in the steel industry for recovering waste heat from sintering and coking processes; the chemical industry for recovering waste heat from pyrolysis gas and achieving rapid cooling, reducing dependence on external energy sources; gas turbine combined cycle systems for using exhaust waste heat to generate steam to drive a steam turbine for power generation, improving system efficiency; and other industrial applications such as cement kilns and glass furnaces—high-energy-consuming sectors.
[0003] With increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, current waste heat boilers still face several challenges when dealing with high-temperature, dust-laden exhaust gases. These include a lack of dust removal capabilities. For high-temperature, dust-laden flue gas, the large amount of dust present in the flue gas easily adheres to the boiler's inner wall, hindering heat recovery and reducing efficiency. Furthermore, existing converter flue gas cyclone dust collector waste heat boilers use membrane water-cooled walls as the cyclone dust collector's cylinder walls. The high-speed, rotating flue gas laterally scours the heat exchange tubes, causing wear and tear on the tube walls. Utility Model Content
[0004] Purpose of the utility model: In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, this utility model provides a buried heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler. This dust removal waste heat boiler not only effectively removes dust, but also cools down converter flue gas with high dust content, and has the effect of extinguishing sparks for high-temperature large particles in the flue gas, preventing the combustion and explosion of CO in the flue gas. The heat exchange tubes are buried in the heat insulation layer, avoiding the wear of the heat exchange tube walls by large dust particles.
[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and a steam drum. The outer cylinder includes an upper cylindrical section and a lower conical section. The inner cylinder is located inside the cylindrical section, and the side wall of the cylindrical section has a flue gas inlet. The wall of the cylindrical section, along the radial direction from the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, is sequentially provided with an outer protective plate, an outer heat insulation layer, a first heat exchange tube, and an inner heat insulation layer. The inner cylinder serves as the outer wall of a fire-tube evaporator. Several second heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel inside the fire-tube evaporator. The outer wall of the fire-tube evaporator has an inlet and an outlet that communicate with the space outside the second heat exchange tubes. The inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange tubes, as well as the inlet and outlet of the fire-tube evaporator, are respectively connected to the steam drum outside the outer cylinder.
[0007] As a specific implementation, a gap is left between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the cylindrical cylinder to serve as a flue gas passage; the upper end of the outer cylinder is closed and the lower end is open; both the upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder are open, and its upper end opening passes through the top of the outer cylinder to communicate with the outside.
[0008] As a specific implementation, the cylindrical tube is divided into sections along the circumferential direction and spliced together to form a complete cylinder. Each section of the cylinder includes an outer protective plate, an outer heat insulation layer, a first heat exchange tube, and an inner heat insulation layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. Several first heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel. A lower manifold is provided at the lower end of each section of the cylinder, and an upper manifold is provided at the upper end. The lower opening of each first heat exchange tube is connected to the lower manifold, and the upper opening is connected to the upper manifold.
[0009] As a further embodiment, both the lower header pipe and the upper header pipe are arc-shaped;
[0010] In each cylindrical section, the first heat exchange tubes arranged in parallel are connected to each other via diaphragms.
[0011] As a specific implementation, the conical cylinder can be equipped with a heat exchange surface, which can be a segmented and combined heat exchange surface structure similar to that of a cylindrical cylinder, or it can be without a heat exchange surface.
[0012] In a specific implementation scheme, the fluid flowing through the space inside the first heat exchange tube and outside the second heat exchange tube can be water or other fluid media. The terms "outlet" and "inlet" do not necessarily mean that the medium inside the tube is water.
[0013] As a specific implementation, the top of the cylindrical tube is provided with a top cover, the upper end opening of the inner tube passes through the top cover to communicate with the outside, and the side wall of the inner tube is sealed to or in contact with the top cover.
[0014] As a specific implementation scheme, the cylindrical tube is a cylindrical body, and the small opening of the conical tube faces downward; the inner tube, the cylindrical tube, and the conical tube are arranged on the same central axis.
[0015] As a specific implementation, the flue gas inlet is externally connected to a flue gas inlet section, which is connected to the outer cylinder along the tangential direction of the outer cylinder. This design allows the flue gas to enter along the tangential direction of the cylindrical cylinder. Due to the high speed of the flue gas entering, the inertia causes the flue gas to rotate.
[0016] As a specific implementation scheme, a dust collector is connected to the lower end of the conical cylinder.
[0017] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the buried cyclone dust collector waste heat boiler of this utility model cleverly utilizes the heat conduction of the outer cylinder wall and cleverly utilizes the inner cylinder space of the cyclone dust collector to set up the fire tube evaporator. It has a small footprint and is compact. It can be used for cooling and dust removal of high temperature and high dust flue gas. It is highly efficient and energy-saving, effectively reduces the thickness of the outer cylinder fireplace wall, and the heat exchange tubes also play a supporting and strengthening role for the outer cylinder. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical structure of the waste heat boiler of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram showing the connection between the first heat exchange tube and the inner cylinder of the waste heat boiler of this utility model and the steam drum.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the cylindrical structure of the waste heat boiler of this utility model.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the cylindrical single-piece structure of the waste heat boiler of this utility model.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the cylindrical single-piece structure of the waste heat boiler of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this patent.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] Converter flue gas cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, a steam drum 3, a flue gas inlet 4, a lower header pipe 5, an upper header pipe 6, a top cover 7, a dust collector 8, and a discharger 9.
[0027] The outer cylinder 1 includes an upper cylindrical cylinder 101 and a lower conical cylinder 102. The upper end of the outer cylinder 1 is closed, and the lower end is open. The cylindrical cylinder 101 is preferably a cylindrical body, and the small opening of the conical cylinder 102 faces downward. The inner cylinder 2 is located inside the cylindrical cylinder 101, and a gap is left between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 2 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cylinder 101 to serve as a flue gas passage. As a preferred embodiment, the inner cylinder 2, the cylindrical cylinder 101, and the conical cylinder 102 are arranged along the same central axis. The top of the cylindrical cylinder 101 is provided with a top cover 7, which closes the upper end. The upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder 2 are open, and the upper opening passes through the top cover 7 to communicate with the outside. This upper opening is used to discharge flue gas. The side wall of the inner cylinder 2 is sealed to or in contact with the top cover 7. The lower end of the conical cylinder 102 is connected to a dust collector 8 and a discharger 9.
[0028] The wall of the cylindrical cylinder 101, along the radial direction from the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, is sequentially provided with an outer protective plate, an outer heat insulation layer, a first heat exchange tube, and an inner heat insulation layer. The inner cylinder 2 serves as the outer wall of the fire-tube evaporator. Several second heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel inside the fire-tube evaporator. The outer wall of the fire-tube evaporator is provided with an inlet and an outlet that communicate with the space outside the second heat exchange tubes. The inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange tubes, as well as the inlet and outlet of the fire-tube evaporator, are respectively connected to the steam drum 3 outside the outer cylinder 1. As a specific scheme:
[0029] The cylindrical tube 101 is segmented along its circumference and assembled to form a complete cylindrical body. Each segment includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective plate 1011, an outer heat insulation layer 1012, a first heat exchange tube 1013, and an inner heat insulation layer 1014. Several first heat exchange tubes 1013 are vertically arranged and connected in parallel. The first heat exchange tubes 1012 are embedded between the inner and outer heat insulation layers (i.e., the heat exchange tubes are in close contact with the inner and outer heat insulation layers, and the external space of the heat exchange tubes is filled by the inner and outer heat insulation layers). A lower manifold 5 is provided at the lower end of each segment, and an upper manifold 6 is provided at the upper end. The lower openings of the first heat exchange tubes 1013 are all connected to the lower manifold 5, and the upper openings are all connected to the upper manifold 6. Both the lower manifold 5 and the upper manifold 6 are arc-shaped. In each segment, the first heat exchange tubes 1013 are arranged in parallel, and adjacent heat exchange tubes are connected by a diaphragm 1015. The single-segment structure of the cylindrical tube is as follows: Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the entire cylindrical tube 101 can be divided into two, three, four, five, or six pieces, etc. The number of pieces can be set arbitrarily according to the requirements of the usage environment and transportation conditions.
[0030] In the above design, the portions of the first heat exchange tube 1013 extending out of the wall at both ends are bent (for easy connection with the header pipe). The first heat exchange tube 1013 absorbs the heat released by the high-temperature flue gas through the heat conduction of the inner insulation layer, and also provides support for the cylindrical wall 101. The inner insulation layer 1014 is generally made of a high-temperature resistant insulation material. The outer insulation layer 1012 is generally made of a low-temperature resistant insulation material. Compared with the case without the first heat exchange tube, the above design of the cylindrical wall can significantly reduce the wall thickness (which may require about 500 mm without the first heat exchange tube, but can now be designed to be about 50 mm thick), while maintaining excellent thermal conductivity.
[0031] In the above design, the inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange tube 1013 are connected to the lower header tube 5 and the upper header tube 6, respectively. The lower header tube 5 is connected to the steam drum via a saturated water downcomer, and the upper header tube 6 is connected to the steam-water mixture upcomer, forming a natural circulation system. The space outside the second heat exchange tube in the inner cylinder 2 is the steam-water boiling space. The opening at the top of the cylinder wall is the outlet, connected to the steam-water mixture upcomer, and the opening at the bottom of the cylinder wall is the inlet, connected to the saturated water downcomer. These upcomer and downcomer pipes are also connected to the steam drum 3, forming another natural circulation system.
[0032] The conical cylinder 102 can be equipped with heat exchange surfaces according to specific circumstances. It can be a segmented combined heat exchange surface structure similar to the cylindrical cylinder 101, or it can be without heat exchange surfaces.
[0033] The inner cylinder 2 is a fire-tube evaporator. Flue gas flows upwards through the second heat exchange tubes, which are welded to the tube sheets at both ends. The peripheries of the upper and lower tube sheets are welded to the inner cylinder 2. The flue gas flows, releases heat, and cools down within the second heat exchange tubes. Saturated water from the steam drum 3, flowing down through the downcomer, enters the space outside the second heat exchange tubes inside the cylinder, absorbs heat, and boils. The steam-water mixture then enters the steam drum 3 through the riser, forming a natural circulation.
[0034] The cylindrical tube 101 has a flue gas inlet 4 tangentially located on its side wall. A flue gas inlet section 401 is connected to the outside of the flue gas inlet 4, and this section is tangentially connected to the outer tube 1. This design allows the flue gas to enter along the tangential direction of the cylindrical tube. Due to the high-speed entry of the flue gas, its inertia causes it to rotate. At the air inlet of the cylindrical tube 1, the height of the heat exchange tubes must avoid the air inlet. For example, the air inlet typically occupies 1 / 4 of the circumference, and the area below the air inlet is still 1 / 4 of the heat exchange surface, but the height of the heat exchange tubes is relatively short.
[0035] The working process and principle of the converter flue gas cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler described above are as follows:
[0036] High-temperature, dust-laden flue gas enters the outer cylinder 1 at high speed through the flue gas inlet section 401. It then flows spirally downwards within the gap between the cylindrical cylinder 101 and the inner cylinder 2, until it reaches the boundary between the cylindrical cylinder 101 and the conical cylinder 102, sequentially scouring the inner surface of the cylindrical cylinder 101 and the outer surface of the inner cylinder 2. Large dust particles in the flue gas, under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, fall into the dust collector 11 connected to the bottom of the conical cylinder 102, and are discharged through the ash outlet after passing through the unloader 12. Small dust particles and flue gas enter the second heat exchange tube of the inner cylinder 2, flowing upwards and finally exiting from the opening at the top of the inner cylinder 2.
[0037] The feedwater from the steam drum 3 is distributed from the downcomer to the first heat exchange tube 1013 and the space outside the tube of the second heat exchange tube in the inner cylinder 2. There is heat exchange between the flue gas and the feedwater. The flue gas cools down and releases heat, while the feedwater absorbs heat and boils to generate steam. The steam-water mixture flows into the steam drum through the riser. After steam-liquid separation, the saturated steam is sent out, while the saturated water continues to flow out through the downcomer and participates in the circulation.
[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler, characterized in that, The device includes an outer cylinder (1), an inner cylinder (2), and a steam drum (3). The outer cylinder (1) includes an upper cylindrical cylinder (101) and a lower conical cylinder (102). The inner cylinder (2) is located inside the cylindrical cylinder (101). The side wall of the cylindrical cylinder (101) is provided with a flue gas inlet (4). The wall of the cylindrical cylinder (101) is provided with an outer protective plate, an outer heat insulation layer, a first heat exchange tube, and an inner heat insulation layer in sequence from the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface along the radial direction. The inner cylinder (2) serves as the outer wall of the fire tube evaporator. Several second heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel inside the fire tube evaporator. The outer wall of the fire tube evaporator is provided with an inlet and an outlet that communicate with the space outside the second heat exchange tubes. The inlet and outlet of the first heat exchange tube, as well as the inlet and outlet of the fire tube evaporator, are respectively connected to the steam drum (3) outside the outer cylinder (1).
2. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gap is left between the outer wall of the inner cylinder (2) and the inner wall of the cylindrical cylinder (101) as a flue gas passage; the upper end of the outer cylinder (1) is closed and the lower end is open; both the upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder (2) are open, and its upper end opening passes through the top of the outer cylinder (1) and communicates with the outside.
3. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical tube (101) is divided into sections along the circumferential direction and spliced together to form a complete cylinder. Each section of the cylinder includes an outer protective plate (1011), an outer heat insulation layer (1012), a first heat exchange tube (1013), and an inner heat insulation layer (1014) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. Several first heat exchange tubes (1013) are arranged in parallel. A lower manifold (5) is provided at the lower end of each section of the cylinder, and an upper manifold (6) is provided at the upper end. The lower opening of the first heat exchange tube (1013) is connected to the lower manifold (5), and the upper opening is connected to the upper manifold (6).
4. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the lower header pipe (5) and the upper header pipe (6) are arc-shaped; In each cylindrical section, the first heat exchange tubes (1013) arranged in parallel are connected to each other via diaphragms (1015).
5. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the cylindrical tube (101) is provided with a top cover (7), the upper end opening of the inner tube (2) passes through the top cover (7) and communicates with the outside, and the side wall of the inner tube (2) is sealed to or in contact with the top cover (7).
6. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical tube (101) is a cylindrical body, and the small opening of the conical tube (102) faces downward; the inner tube (2) is arranged with the cylindrical tube (101) and the conical tube (102) on the same central axis.
7. The submerged heat exchange cyclone dust removal waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas inlet (4) on the upper side wall of the cylindrical tube is connected to a flue gas inlet section (401), and the flue gas inlet section (401) is connected to the outer tube (1) along the tangential direction of the outer tube (1); a dust collector (8) is connected to the lower end of the conical tube (102).