A power grid distributed fault location device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of power distribution network fault detection, specifically discloses a power grid distributed fault positioning device, including central control system, a plurality of regional control systems, a plurality of group control systems and a plurality of fault detection units. A plurality of fault detection units are divided into the fault detection unit group consistent with the number of group control systems, and the fault detection units in the fault detection unit group are respectively connected with the corresponding group control system communication, and a plurality of group control systems are divided into the group control system group consistent with the number of regional control systems, and the group control systems in the group control system group are respectively connected with the corresponding regional control system communication. The utility model adopts four levels structure, realizes global - area - edge cooperation, can realize thousand level node extension, and greatly shortens fault response time, and system reliability is high. Meanwhile, through the two -way time comparison calculation cross node clock deviation, dynamic adjustment synchronization parameter can control the area time reference error in ± 10ns.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power distribution network fault detection technology, and specifically to a power grid distributed fault location device. Background Technology

[0002] Power grid fault location is a crucial aspect of power system protection and maintenance. Traditional fault location methods are primarily based on impedance ranging, but their accuracy is low and they are significantly affected by variations in power grid parameters. In contrast, traveling wave fault location, by capturing transient traveling waves caused by faults and recording their arrival times, can achieve high-precision fault location. However, existing traveling wave fault location devices are susceptible to clock drift and sensor drift during long-term operation, leading to decreased location accuracy and requiring frequent manual calibration, thus increasing maintenance costs.

[0003] In new energy power generation systems, fault location faces the following technical bottlenecks: First, transmission lines, photovoltaic power, wind power, and hydropower are widely distributed with numerous nodes, and are susceptible to factors such as temperature fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, causing drift in the measurement channels of traditional traveling wave positioning devices. Second, existing traveling wave positioning devices rely on periodic manual calibration, requiring on-site operation by professional personnel, resulting in low maintenance efficiency and an inability to meet real-time requirements. Furthermore, long-term operation can lead to aging of front-end circuit components, causing a shift in signal amplitude-frequency characteristics. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art and to provide a distributed fault location device for power grids.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a distributed fault location device for power grids, comprising a central control system, several regional control systems, several group control systems, and several fault detection units. The fault detection units are divided into fault detection unit groups with the same number as the group control systems. The fault detection units in each fault detection unit group are communicatively connected to their respective group control systems. The several group control systems are divided into group control system groups with the same number as the regional control systems. The group control systems in each group control system group are communicatively connected to their respective regional control systems.

[0006] The central control system includes a processor, a communication module, a data storage module, a power supply module, and a human-machine interaction module.

[0007] The regional control system includes a processor, a communication module, and a power module, and several regional control systems are respectively connected to the central control system for data communication.

[0008] The group control system includes a processor, a communication module, a power supply module, and a supplementary pulse generation module.

[0009] The fault detection unit includes a traveling wave transformer, a current transformer, a traveling wave signal processing module, a current signal processing module, a microprocessor, a communication module, a pulse generation module, and a power supply module. The power supply module supplies power to the fault detection unit. The current transformer is connected to the microprocessor through the current signal processing module. The traveling wave transformer is connected to the microprocessor through the traveling wave signal processing module. The microprocessor is connected to the pulse generation module and the communication module.

[0010] As a further optimization of the power grid distributed fault location device of this utility model, the fault detection unit also includes a data storage module.

[0011] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the power supply module in the central control system and the regional control system is an AC / DC power supply module.

[0012] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the power module in the group control system and fault detection unit includes a current transformer power supply unit installed on the power supply line, a power management unit connected to the current transformer power supply unit, and a power output unit connected to the power management unit.

[0013] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the power module further includes a battery unit, which is electrically connected to the power management unit.

[0014] As a further optimization of the power grid distributed fault location device of this utility model: the communication module is a 4G communication module or a 5G communication module.

[0015] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the traveling wave transformer is a Rogowski coil transformer or an electromagnetic transformer.

[0016] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model, the regional control system and fault detection unit also include a crystal oscillator module and a digital-to-analog converter.

[0017] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the crystal oscillator module is a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator module or a constant-temperature crystal oscillator module.

[0018] As a further optimization of the distributed fault location device for power grids of this utility model: the traveling wave signal processing module includes an AFE chip and a digital isolator. The AFE chip is connected to the traveling wave transformer and the digital isolator respectively, and the digital isolator is connected to the microprocessor.

[0019] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] I. The fault location device of this utility model adopts a four-level structure of "central control - regional control - group control - fault detection unit" to achieve full-domain - regional - edge collaboration. The central layer coordinates global analysis and strategy formulation, the regional layer aggregates data and quickly pre-locates faults, the group layer performs localized signal processing and command distribution, and the terminal layer collects traveling wave / current dual signals in real time. This architecture can achieve expansion to thousands of nodes, greatly shortens fault response time, and ensures high system reliability.

[0021] II. The fault location device of this utility model incorporates a pulse generator within the fault detection unit. The pulse generator periodically injects nanosecond-level reference pulses, which, combined with a high-precision crystal oscillator and digital-to-analog converter, measure the inherent delay of the local channel, compensate for it to timestamp data, and eliminate hardware drift errors. The supplementary pulse module of the group control system sends high-power coded pulses to adjacent units. Through bidirectional time comparison, it calculates the cross-node clock deviation and dynamically adjusts synchronization parameters, enabling the regional time reference error to be controlled within ±10ns. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed fault location device of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a logic block diagram of the distributed fault location device of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To better understand this utility model, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of this utility model, but the content of this utility model is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0025] As shown in the figure: A distributed fault location device for power grids includes a central control system, several regional control systems, several group control systems, and several fault detection units. The fault detection units are divided into fault detection unit groups with the same number as the group control systems. The fault detection units in the fault detection unit groups are respectively connected to the corresponding group control systems. The several group control systems are divided into group control system groups with the same number as the regional control systems. The group control systems in the group control system groups are respectively connected to the corresponding regional control systems.

[0026] The central control system, serving as the core decision-making layer of the distributed fault location device, comprises a processor, communication module, data storage module, power supply module, and human-machine interface module. The processor can employ a multi-core heterogeneous processor (such as NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin) capable of parallel processing of real-time data streams from thousands of nodes across the network. The data storage module utilizes an all-flash array (NVMe SSD, ≥10TB) to store network topology data, fault waveform libraries, and historical calibration records. It also deploys a Redis in-memory database to cache real-time alarm information and frequently accessed data. The power supply module employs a dual-power supply mode: a main power supply (220V AC) + a lithium-ion UPS.

[0027] As the middle management layer of the distributed fault location architecture, the regional control system undertakes core functions such as regional data aggregation, rapid pre-positioning, and clock synchronization coordination. The regional control system includes a processor, a communication module, and a power supply module. Several regional control systems are connected to the central control system for data communication. The processor can be a multi-core ARM processor (such as the NXP Layerscape LX2160A), capable of simultaneously running real-time tasks (fault prediction) and non-real-time tasks (data caching). The communication module uses a 5G NR industrial module (Quectel RM500Q-GL). The power supply module can be the same as the power supply module of the central control system, employing a dual-power supply mode: main power (220V AC) + lithium-ion UPS.

[0028] The group control system, as the core execution layer of the distributed fault location device, directly manages the terminal fault detection unit groups. The group control system includes a processor, a communication module, a power supply module, and a supplementary pulse generation module. The processor can be an STM32H7 series processor (e.g., Cortex-M7@480MHz) to process the data stream from the fault detection unit groups. The communication module uses a 4G LTE industrial module. The supplementary pulse generation module uses a GaN FET (e.g., EPC2045) to drive a fast-edge circuit, generating a high-voltage pulse with an amplitude of ±5kV and a rise time of <2ns. According to the instructions of the central control system, it periodically sends calibration pulses to adjacent fault detection unit groups, and measures the propagation delay using a TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter) to dynamically compensate for clock deviations.

[0029] The fault detection unit serves as the terminal sensing node of the distributed fault location system. The fault detection unit includes a traveling wave transformer, a current transformer, a traveling wave signal processing module, a current signal processing module, a microprocessor, a communication module, a pulse generation module, a data storage module, and a power supply module. The communication module uses a 5G NR industrial module. The power supply module supplies power to the fault detection unit. The current transformer is connected to the microprocessor via the current signal processing module, the traveling wave transformer is connected to the microprocessor via the traveling wave signal processing module, and the microprocessor is connected to the pulse generation module and the communication module.

[0030] The traveling wave transformer uses either a Rogowski coil transformer or an electromagnetic transformer. The traveling wave signal processing module includes an AFE chip and a digital isolator. The AFE chip is connected to both the traveling wave transformer and the digital isolator, and the digital isolator is connected to the microprocessor.

[0031] The current signal processing module includes a signal amplification circuit, a low-pass filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and isolation protection circuitry. A differential amplifier circuit amplifies the output signal of the current transformer and filters out high-frequency noise. A high-resolution ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is then securely transmitted to the microprocessor via an optocoupler or digital isolator. The current signal processing module can utilize mature modules from existing technologies.

[0032] The power module includes a current transformer power-taking unit mounted on the power supply line, a power management unit connected to the current transformer power-taking unit, and a power output unit connected to the power management unit. The power module also includes a battery unit, which is electrically connected to the power management unit. The current transformer power-taking unit is a Rogowski coil current transformer (CT) mounted on the power supply line (such as a 10kV cable), which obtains electrical energy through electromagnetic induction.

[0033] The area control system and fault detection unit also include a crystal oscillator module and a digital-to-analog converter. The crystal oscillator module is either a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator module or a temperature-controlled crystal oscillator module. For example, the microprocessor has a built-in temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (EPSON TG-3541CE).

[0034] The fault detection unit periodically generates nanosecond-level reference pulses via its built-in pulse generation module. These pulses are transmitted to the microprocessor via a local signal processing module (traveling wave signal processing module). The microprocessor, through a high-precision crystal oscillator module and a digital-to-analog converter, records the transmission and reception times of the reference pulses and calculates the inherent delay time of the local signal channel (including circuit transmission delay, component aging offset, etc.). The measured delay value is then compensated for in the timestamp data of subsequent fault traveling wave signals, eliminating local measurement errors caused by hardware drift.

[0035] The supplementary pulse generation module (GaN FET driver) of the group control system generates high-power coded pulses and periodically sends them to adjacent fault detection units according to instructions. The receiving unit records the pulse arrival time through a high-precision crystal oscillator module and feeds back the time data to the transmitting end through a communication module. The microprocessor of the group control system uses a time-to-digital converter (TDC) to calculate the time delay difference of the pulses in bidirectional transmission. Based on the time delay difference, the clock deviation between nodes is calculated, and the clock synchronization parameters of each node (such as the crystal oscillator frequency compensation value) are dynamically adjusted to control the regional time base error within ±10ns.

[0036] The specific embodiments of this utility model have been described above. It should be understood that this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the substantive content of this utility model.

Claims

1. A distributed fault location device for power grids, characterized in that: It includes a central control system, several regional control systems, several group control systems, and several fault detection units. The fault detection units are divided into fault detection unit groups with the same number of group control systems. The fault detection units in the fault detection unit groups are respectively connected to the corresponding group control systems. The several group control systems are divided into group control system groups with the same number of regional control systems. The group control systems in the group control system groups are respectively connected to the corresponding regional control systems. The central control system includes a processor, a communication module, a data storage module, a power supply module, and a human-computer interaction module. The regional control system includes a processor, a communication module, and a power module, and several regional control systems are respectively connected to the central control system for data communication. The group control system includes a processor, a communication module, a power supply module, and a supplementary pulse generation module; The fault detection unit includes a traveling wave transformer, a current transformer, a traveling wave signal processing module, a current signal processing module, a microprocessor, a communication module, a pulse generation module, and a power supply module. The power supply module supplies power to the fault detection unit. The current transformer is connected to the microprocessor through the current signal processing module. The traveling wave transformer is connected to the microprocessor through the traveling wave signal processing module. The microprocessor is connected to the pulse generation module and the communication module.

2. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fault detection unit also includes a data storage module.

3. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply modules in the central control system and the regional control system are AC / DC power supply modules.

4. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power module in the group control system and fault detection unit includes a current transformer power supply unit installed on the power supply line, a power management unit connected to the current transformer power supply unit, and a power output unit connected to the power management unit.

5. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The power module also includes a battery unit, which is electrically connected to the power management unit.

6. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module is a 4G communication module or a 5G communication module.

7. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling wave transformer is either a Rogowski coil transformer or an electromagnetic transformer.

8. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The area control system and fault detection unit also include a crystal oscillator module and a digital-to-analog converter.

9. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The crystal oscillator module is a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator module or a constant-temperature crystal oscillator module.

10. The power grid distributed fault location device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling wave signal processing module includes an AFE chip and a digital isolator. The AFE chip is connected to both the traveling wave transformer and the digital isolator, and the digital isolator is connected to the microprocessor.

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