A reamer

Abstract

The application relates to a reamer, comprising a drill head body and a cutting part, the drill head body comprising a first end and a second end, the outer diameter gradually decreasing in the axial direction from the first end to the second end; the cutting part is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the drill head body, extends in the axial direction of the drill head body and forms a cutting edge, and the distance from the outer edge of the cutting edge to the drill head axis also gradually decreases in the axial direction from the first end to the second end. Due to the adoption of the above structure, the cutting process gradually proceeds from the tip to the rear, the cutting load is gradually released, the problems of drill head slip, jump or deviation caused by large initial cutting resistance of the traditional reamer are effectively solved, the stability and precision of drilling are significantly improved, and the surgical risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a dental drill bit, and more particularly to a reamer. Background Technology

[0002] In precision medical fields such as dentistry, standardized holes are typically prepared on or inside the bone surface to accommodate screws, pins, implants, or other medical devices for fixation, support, or implantation of bone tissue. These procedures require stable and controllable drilling, accurate hole positioning, and minimal interference with patient tissue during cutting. Therefore, extremely high demands are placed on the geometric design and cutting performance of medical drilling tools such as reamers. Especially when drilling into areas with high bone density or irregular surfaces, the design of the drilling tool directly impacts the safety and efficiency of the surgical procedure.

[0003] Existing reamers mostly employ a simple, single-stage diameter design. The drill body maintains a constant outer diameter axially, and the cutting edges are typically distributed in a helical or annular pattern around the outer circumference to create the desired hole diameter. In terms of structural layout, the entire cutting edge of this type of drill participates in cutting simultaneously during the axial advance of the drill, thus quickly completing the hole machining. Due to its mature manufacturing process and stable geometry, this type of reamer has been widely used in routine orthopedic drilling operations.

[0004] However, in the existing structure described above, because the outer diameter of the drill bit's cutting section is constant, the entire cutting edge needs to cut simultaneously when initially penetrating the bone tissue. This results in significant instantaneous cutting resistance, making the drill bit prone to slippage, runout, or deviation, thus affecting drilling accuracy and increasing the risk of accidental damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a reamer to solve these problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a hole-reaming drill by designing the outer diameter of the drill bit body to gradually decrease along the axial direction and forming a spirally extended cutting edge on its outer periphery, so that the distance from the cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases along the axial direction, thereby achieving the effect of gradual cutting and step-by-step hole enlargement, thus overcoming the stability problem caused by excessive cutting resistance in the initial stage of traditional drill bit cutting.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above problems is: a hole reamer, comprising:

[0007] A drill bit body, the drill bit body including a first end and a second end, the outer diameter of the drill bit body gradually decreasing from the first end to the second end along its own axial direction;

[0008] A cutting portion is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body. The cutting portion extends along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a cutting edge. The distance from the outer edge of the cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

[0009] Preferably, the cutting portion extends spirally along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a continuous spiral cutting edge, and the distance from the outer edge of the spiral cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

[0010] Preferably, the drill bit body has a drill tip formed at the second end, and the drill tip is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

[0011] Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body is provided with a chip removal groove, which extends from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body to divide the cutting portion into several cutting units.

[0012] Preferably, the number of chip removal grooves is three, and the chip removal grooves extend spirally from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

[0013] Preferably, the reamer further includes a connecting portion disposed at the first end of the drill bit body, and the axis of the connecting portion is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

[0014] Preferably, the reamer has a cooling channel inside, one end of which extends to the end of the connecting portion away from the drill bit body to form a first opening, and the other end of which extends to the periphery of the drill bit body to form a second opening.

[0015] Preferably, the second opening is located in the chip removal groove.

[0016] Preferably, a limiting structure is provided on the periphery of the connection between the drill bit body and the connecting part. The limiting structure is constructed as a first plane facing the second end, and the first plane is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit body.

[0017] The reamer also includes a guide sleeve, the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter at the first end of the drill bit body. One end of the guide sleeve is constructed as a second plane, which is perpendicular to the axis of the guide sleeve.

[0018] When the reamer is in operation, the drill bit body is inserted into the guide sleeve, the second plane is parallel and fits against the first plane, and the inner wall of the guide sleeve fits against the outer periphery of the first end of the drill bit body.

[0019] Preferably, the cutting portion extends spirally along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a continuous spiral cutting edge, and the distance from the outer edge of the spiral cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

[0020] The drill bit body has a drill tip formed at the second end, and the drill tip is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

[0021] The outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body has three spaced chip removal grooves. The three chip removal grooves extend spirally from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body to divide the cutting part into three cutting units.

[0022] The reamer also includes a connecting part, which is disposed at the first end of the drill bit body, and the axis of the connecting part is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

[0023] The reamer has a cooling channel inside. One end of the cooling channel extends to the end of the connecting part away from the drill bit body to form a first opening. The other end of the cooling channel extends to the periphery of the drill bit body to form a second opening. The second opening is located at the chip removal groove.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this utility model are as follows:

[0025] 1. Due to the structural design of gradually decreasing outer diameter of the drill bit body along the axial direction, and the cutting part extending along the axial direction on its outer periphery, the distance from the cutting edge to the drill bit axis also gradually decreases along the axial direction. Therefore, it effectively solves the problem of drill bit slippage, jumping or deviation caused by excessive instantaneous cutting resistance when the existing reamer initially cuts into bone tissue. This achieves asymptotic distribution of cutting load, improves drilling stability and accuracy, and reduces the risk during surgical operation.

[0026] 2. Due to the adoption of a structural design in which the outer diameter of the drill bit body gradually decreases along the axial direction, and the cutting part extends spirally along the axial direction of the drill bit body to form a continuous spiral cutting edge, the problem of sudden increase in resistance caused by instantaneous large-area cutting when the existing reamer initially cuts into bone tissue is effectively solved. This achieves asymptotic distribution of cutting load and continuous guided cutting, significantly improving the stability and control accuracy of the cutting process. At the same time, the continuous arrangement of the spiral cutting edge effectively avoids the problems of stepped interference and poor machining transition that may be caused by segmented cutting structures, thereby improving the flatness of the hole wall and the consistency of machining. In addition, a drill tip structure coaxial with the drill bit axis is set at the second end of the drill bit body, which effectively enhances the self-centering ability of the drill bit, thereby achieving precise positioning of the drilling start position and stable control of the cutting process, reducing the risk of drill bit slippage or deviation during operation.

[0027] 3. By employing an axially extending chip removal groove structure on the outer circumferential surface of the drill bit body to divide the cutting area into several cutting units, the problem of chip accumulation and poor chip removal during the cutting process of existing reamers is effectively solved, thereby improving cutting efficiency and timely heat release. Because a coaxial connecting part is provided at the first end of the drill bit body, the coaxial stability of the reamer during installation and use is effectively ensured, resulting in high rotational accuracy and consistent drilling direction. Furthermore, because the reamer has a cooling channel inside, with one end extending to the connecting part away from the drill bit body to form a first opening, and the other end extending to the chip removal groove to form a second opening, the technical problem of heat dissipation during deep drilling is effectively solved. This allows the cooling medium to be directly delivered to the cutting area, thereby improving cooling efficiency, reducing the risk of tissue burn-off, and extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0028] 4. Because a limiting structure is set on the periphery of the connection between the drill bit body and the connecting part, and the limiting structure is constructed with a first plane perpendicular to the drill bit axis facing the second end, and a guide sleeve with an inner diameter the same as the outer diameter of the first end of the drill bit and an end structure perpendicular to the second plane is provided, the hole position deviation problem caused by inaccurate radial positioning or drill bit shaking during the drilling process of existing reamers is effectively solved. This achieves axial limiting and radial guiding control when the drill bit is inserted, improving the coaxiality and stability of the drilling. At the same time, when the reamer is in working state, the inner wall of the guide sleeve is in contact with the outer periphery of the first end of the drill bit, and the second plane is parallel to and in contact with the first plane, so that the guide structure as a whole forms a stable double-plane limiting fit, effectively suppressing the swaying and offset of the drill bit caused by external force disturbance during the drilling process, thereby achieving higher positioning accuracy and drilling consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic front sectional view of a hole-reaming drill proposed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of a reamer drill proposed in one embodiment of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic perspective view of a hole-reaming drill proposed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic front sectional view of the guide sleeve proposed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic bottom view of a hole-reaming drill proposed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Wherein: 10, drill bit body; 110, first end; 120, second end; 130, cutting part; 131, cutting edge; 140, chip removal groove; 20, connecting part; 30, cooling channel; 310, first opening; 320, second opening; 40, limiting structure; 410, first plane; 50, guide sleeve; 510, second plane. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit its scope.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of this application provides a reamer for progressively enlarging holes in bone tissue, improving drilling accuracy and stability. It is particularly suitable for surgical procedures in orthopedics, dentistry, and other fields where drilling positioning is critical. Through structural optimization, this reamer effectively reduces initial cutting resistance, minimizes drill slippage, and enhances overall safety and controllability. The reamer includes a drill body 10 and a cutting section 130. The drill body 10 includes a first end 110 and a second end 120. The outer diameter of the drill body 10 gradually decreases along its axial direction from the first end 110 to the second end 120. The cutting section 130 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill body 10 and extends along the axial direction of the drill body 10, forming a cutting edge 131. The distance from the outer edge of the cutting edge 131 to the axis of the drill body 10 gradually decreases along the axial direction of the drill body 10 from the first end 110 to the second end 120.

[0039] Specifically:

[0040] This reamer comprises two main components: a drill body 10 and a cutting section 130. The drill body 10 is an integral, extended structure with a first end 110 and a second end 120. Along the axial direction from the first end 110 to the second end 120, the outer diameter of the drill body 10 gradually decreases, forming a tapered or near-tapered profile with a thinner front end and a thicker rear end. Furthermore, the drill body 10 can be made of high-strength stainless steel or cemented carbide to ensure durability and sharpness.

[0041] The cutting section 130 is closely attached to the outer peripheral surface of the drill body 10 and extends along the axial direction of the drill body 10, thereby forming multiple cutting edges 131 for cutting. The distance from the outer edge of each cutting edge 131 to the axis of the drill body 10 decreases progressively with its position; that is, the outer diameter of the cutting edge 131 closer to the second end 120 is smaller, and the outer diameter of the cutting edge 131 closer to the first end 110 is larger. This makes the entire cutting section 130 form a structural system with decreasing outer diameter and progressive cutting ability along the drill axial direction, realizing a geometric layout for progressive hole enlargement.

[0042] During use, the reamer first contacts the bone tissue being processed at its second end 120 (the smallest diameter end). Due to the small outer diameter of the drill tip and the limited contact area, the resistance generated in the initial cutting stage is small, making it easier to penetrate the bone tissue. As the drill bit continues to advance axially, the cutting edges 131 on the outer circumference of the drill bit will sequentially contact and cut the material being processed according to their different outer diameters. The smaller outer diameter portion at the front cuts in first, followed by the larger outer diameter portion at the rear, gradually expanding the hole diameter. During this process, the drill bit always maintains partial contact with the hole wall, but because the outer diameter of the cutting part 130 changes gradually, the cutting load at each stage is evenly distributed on each cutting edge 131. This avoids the impact resistance peak problem caused by the entire cutting edge 131 participating in cutting at the moment of contact, which occurs in traditional constant-diameter reamers. In addition, the presence of the small diameter area at the front end also provides good guidance for the rear cutting part 130, forming a self-stabilizing guiding mechanism.

[0043] In this embodiment, the reamer is designed with a drill body 10 whose outer diameter gradually decreases axially from the first end 110 to the second end 120. An axially extending cutting section 130 is provided on its outer periphery, causing the distance from the cutting edge 131 to the axis to also gradually decrease, forming a progressive cutting layout that is thinner at the front and coarser at the back. During operation, the smaller diameter second end 120 first enters the bone tissue, and the cutting unfolds gradually in stages. The cutting load is distributed smoothly along the axial direction, significantly reducing initial resistance and effectively preventing drill slippage, jumping, or deviation, thus improving the stability and guidance of the drilling process. Simultaneously, this structure is integrally molded, simple to manufacture, and has higher strength, making it suitable for various orthopedic surgical scenarios, especially for drilling in areas with dense bone and high requirements for precise hole positioning.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, to achieve a more uniform distribution of cutting load and suppress drill runout and slippage, the cutting portion 130 extends helically along the axial direction of the drill body 10, forming a continuous helical cutting edge 131. The distance from the outer edge of the helical cutting edge 131 to the axis of the drill body 10 gradually decreases along the axial direction of the drill body 10 from the first end 110 to the second end 120. A drill tip is formed at the second end 120 of the drill body 10, and the drill tip is coaxially arranged with the axis of the drill body 10.

[0045] Specifically:

[0046] The cutting portions 130 are not simply arranged in a straight line along the axial direction, but extend spirally along the axial direction of the drill body 10, preferably forming a continuous cutting edge 131 with a single or multiple spirals. This spiral cutting edge 131 extends spirally from the first end 110 to the second end 120, and remains attached to the outer circumferential surface of the drill bit. The distance from the radial outer edge of the spiral line to the drill axis gradually decreases axially; that is, the closer to the second end 120, the smaller the outer diameter of the spiral cutting edge. Furthermore, the drill body 10 has an integrally formed drill tip structure at the second end 120. This drill tip is coaxial with the axis of the drill body 10, is conical or pointed, and has a smooth outer surface transition to facilitate initial penetration. The overall configuration is a tapered spiral conical structure, possessing good rotary cutting performance and structural guiding capability.

[0047] In actual use, the second end 120, i.e. the smaller diameter end, serves as the drilling end and first contacts the bone tissue. Because a coaxial drill tip is located here, it effectively assists the drill bit in self-centering, positioning, and penetrating the bone surface from its initial position, significantly reducing the probability of drill bit slippage.

[0048] As the drill bit continues to advance axially, the continuous helical cutting edges 131 sequentially contact the bone being drilled. The cutting edges 131 at different positions undertake different stages of cutting tasks due to their gradually increasing outer diameter. Because of the continuity of the helical structure, the entire cutting process is a progressive, continuous spiral cutting process, with bone tissue being rotated and peeled off layer by layer, rather than being completely broken up in one go. The overall cutting load is distributed along the drill bit's axial direction, making the drilling process smooth and well-guided.

[0049] The continuous helical cutting edge 131 results in a more uniform distribution of cutting load. Since the helical cutting edge 131 is continuous along the drill bit axis rather than segmented, it means that a portion of the cutting edge 131 is always in a cutting state during drill rotation, rather than intermittently contacting the drill, thus achieving continuous cutting. Furthermore, the continuous cutting edge 131 design significantly reduces the cutting impact frequency through continuous cutting, resulting in a smoother cutting process and reducing instantaneous mechanical impact and local temperature rise on bone tissue, making it particularly suitable for minimally invasive or precision surgical scenarios. Moreover, the continuous trajectory of the helical cutting edge provides dual guidance for the drill bit, acting as both axial traction and radial limiting, effectively reducing "head swing" or "deviation" during drilling and improving trajectory control capabilities.

[0050] The drill tip, located at the second end 120, has a sharp tip structure. Upon initial contact with the bone surface during drilling, it serves as a penetration guide and automatically centers the drill bit, enabling it to quickly find the hole and establish a central axis. Traditional flat-tipped or obtuse-angled structures are prone to slippage when contacting bone tissue. However, in this embodiment, the drill tip at the second end 120 of the drill body 10 concentrates the load at a single point, significantly improving penetration capability and reducing the risk of slippage on hard bone surfaces. Furthermore, the drill tip of the drill body 10 enters the hole first, providing a pre-guided channel for subsequent staged reaming, which facilitates a smooth transition of the helical cutting edge 131 into the cutting state.

[0051] Furthermore, the continuous helical cutting edge 131 and the drill tip also have a synergistic effect. The drill tip is responsible for positioning and insertion, while the helical edge is responsible for continuous cutting, forming a layer-by-layer cutting process from point, line, and surface. The drill tip first concentrates force to penetrate and establish axial guidance, and the helical edge follows closely behind, continuously unfolding along the axis, thereby achieving enhanced coupling between cutting path stability and cutting continuity. The synergistic design also reduces surgical risks and operational intensity. The drill tip reduces initial bone penetration resistance and lowers the risk of slippage, while continuous helical cutting avoids impact resistance fluctuations, allowing the surgeon to apply force continuously without frequent adjustments to direction and pressure, improving operational smoothness and safety. Moreover, it enhances hole shape consistency and guiding accuracy because the drill tip ensures the drill bit starts from the correct position, and the helical edge controls the cutting trajectory and direction, ensuring that the drilling process does not deviate or wobble, ultimately obtaining an ideal hole shape with a centered position, consistent axis, and smooth inner wall.

[0052] In this embodiment, the continuous helical cutting edge 131 extending axially along the drill body 10, combined with the coaxial drill tip design at the second end 120, enables the reamer to quickly self-center and penetrate bone tissue in the initial drilling stage, preventing drill slippage or jumping, and achieving continuous and progressive cutting load transfer throughout the drilling process. The synergistic effect of these two components not only improves drilling guidance accuracy and hole shape consistency but also significantly reduces cutting impact and intraoperative risks, making it particularly suitable for orthopedic surgical scenarios requiring high precision and low interference.

[0053] In some embodiments, to further improve the chip removal efficiency and cutting stability of the reamer in bone tissue, such as Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body 10 is provided with chip removal grooves 140. The chip removal grooves 140 extend from the first end 110 to the second end 120 along the axial direction of the drill bit body 10 to divide the cutting section 130 into several cutting units. In a specific example, there are three chip removal grooves 140, and the chip removal grooves 140 extend spirally from the first end 110 to the second end 120 along the axial direction of the drill bit body 10.

[0054] Specifically:

[0055] The chip removal groove 140 is formed in the form of a recess, extending along the drill bit axis from the first end 110 to the second end 120, and is designed in the same or coordinated manner with the helical direction of the cutting section 130. In a specific example, there are three chip removal grooves 140, which are distributed at equal angles on the circumference of the drill bit, so that the drill bit cross-section forms a three-equal cutting zone. Each chip removal groove 140 extends along the axial direction in a helical path, consistent with the rotation direction of the drill bit, and has good self-rolling characteristics. Since the chip removal groove 140 divides the cutting section 130 into several independent cutting units, each cutting unit independently undertakes a part of the cutting task, resulting in a balanced structure and reasonable strength.

[0056] During drilling, the drill bit, through a combination of rotational and axial propulsion, contacts the bone tissue, generating a cutting action. At this time, the helical cutting edge 131 performs progressive cutting, breaking the bone tissue into bone chips. These chips preferentially escape along the shortest path, entering the chip removal groove 140 on the drill bit surface. The chip removal groove 140 acts as a channel for bone chip flow, pushing the chips to the rear of the drill bit during rotation and naturally discharging them along the groove 140. The segmented structure between the chip removal groove 140 and the cutting unit ensures that each cutting edge has a relatively independent cutting and chip removal space, preventing the accumulation of bone chips. Simultaneously, because the chip removal groove 140 has a helical structure in the axial direction, the chip removal path possesses helical propulsion characteristics, continuously transporting chips from the drill bit tip to the outside even in deep hole drilling, helping to maintain the cleanliness and unobstructed flow of the drilling area.

[0057] In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body 10 is provided with a plurality of chip removal grooves 140, preferably three, which extend spirally from the first end 110 to the second end 120 along the axial direction of the drill bit body 10, thereby dividing the cutting part 130 into several cutting units. This structural design not only helps to quickly remove bone chips from the cutting area, significantly improving chip removal efficiency and preventing bone chip blockage that could lead to increased cutting resistance and overheating, but also disperses the cutting load, effectively reducing local temperature rise and minimizing the risk of tissue thermal damage. At the same time, the spiral chip removal grooves 140, while assisting in the flow of cooling medium, also enhance guidance and stability during the drilling process, further reducing axial advance resistance, allowing the operator to apply force more smoothly and with a smoother feel during drilling operations, which helps to control the drill bit's posture and trajectory, ultimately achieving a drilling effect with round holes, smooth hole walls, and precise dimensions.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the reamer also includes a connecting portion 20, which is disposed at the first end 110 of the drill bit body 10, and the axis of the connecting portion 20 is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body 10. Furthermore, to improve heat dissipation and cooling during the drilling process, a cooling channel 30 is provided inside the reamer. One end of the cooling channel 30 extends to the end of the connecting portion 20 opposite to the drill bit body 10 to form a first opening 310, and the other end of the cooling channel 30 extends to the periphery of the drill bit body 10 to form a second opening 320. Specifically, the second opening 320 is located at the chip removal groove 140.

[0059] Specifically:

[0060] The reamer further includes a connecting portion 20 integrally disposed at the first end 110 of the drill bit body 10, for reliably connecting the reamer to a power drive device (such as a surgical drill, handle, chuck, etc.). The axis of the connecting portion 20 is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body 10, ensuring the consistency of the rotation axis during drilling, thereby ensuring directional stability and precise trajectory throughout the drilling process.

[0061] The cooling channel 30 has a hollow channel structure and can be coaxially arranged with the axis of the connecting part 20 and the axis of the drill body 10. Furthermore, the cooling channel 30 can be a straight channel. One end of the cooling channel 30 extends to the end of the connecting part 20 away from the drill body 10, forming a first opening 310 for the injection port of external cooling medium (such as saline or cooling gas). The other end of the cooling channel 30 extends to the peripheral area of ​​the drill body 10 and has a second opening 320 for the cooling medium to be discharged from inside the drill. Further, the second opening 320 is preferably located at the chip removal groove 140, i.e., the cooling medium outflow position and the bone chip discharge path are arranged in a coordinated manner to form a composite flow guiding structure.

[0062] Once the reamer is connected to the surgical instruments, a cooling medium (such as saline or sterile gas) is injected into the cooling channel 30 through the first opening 310. The cooling medium flows forward within the channel and is finally ejected through the second opening 320 located in the chip removal groove 140, directly acting on the cutting area. Simultaneously, bone chips generated by the drill bit's rotation during bone cutting are carried away by the spiral chip removal groove 140, achieving smoother chip removal with the assistance of the cooling medium. While removing bone chips, the cooling medium also effectively cools the cutting edge 131, the chip removal groove 140, and the drill surface, preventing temperature rise that could lead to bone carbonization, necrosis, or postoperative complications. This process requires no external flushing equipment; the internal cooling structure achieves an integrated design of source cooling and coordinated chip removal, making it ideal for complex bone holes or prolonged cutting scenarios.

[0063] In this embodiment, the reamer has a connecting part 20 coaxial with the drill bit body 10, ensuring the drill bit maintains a consistent rotation axis after installation. This prevents eccentric rotation and wobbling from the outset, significantly improving directional accuracy and operational stability during drilling. Simultaneously, a cooling channel 30 is provided inside the reamer. Cooling medium enters through the connecting part 20 and exits through the second opening 320 located in the chip removal groove 140, achieving active directional cooling of the cutting area. This effectively avoids the problem of incomplete coverage by traditional external spray cooling, reducing thermal damage to bone tissue and intraoperative smoke generation. The coordinated layout of the cooling channel 30 and the chip removal groove 140 allows the coolant to assist in the removal of bone chips while cooling, improving chip removal efficiency and preventing chip blockage and jamming. Furthermore, controlled tool temperature helps maintain the sharpness of the cutting edge 131, extending its service life and reducing thermal expansion errors. This enhances intraoperative control and hole diameter stability, improving overall operational safety and reliability.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, to ensure the axial positioning accuracy and insertion stability of the reamer during use, a limiting structure 40 is provided on the periphery of the connection between the drill bit body 10 and the connecting part 20. The limiting structure 40 is configured as a first plane 410 facing the second end 120, and the first plane 410 is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit body 10. The reamer also includes a guide sleeve 50. The inner diameter of the guide sleeve 50 is the same as the outer diameter of the drill bit body 10 at the first end 110. One end of the guide sleeve 50 is configured as a second plane 510, and the second plane 510 is perpendicular to the axis of the guide sleeve 50. When the reamer is in working condition, the drill bit body 10 is inserted into the guide sleeve 50, the second plane 510 is parallel and fits against the first plane 410, and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 50 fits against the outer periphery of the first end 110 of the drill bit body 10.

[0065] Specifically:

[0066] The limiting structure 40 is located on the periphery of one end of the connecting portion 20 near the drill bit body 10. It is configured with a first plane 410 facing the second end 120 (drill tip direction), and the first plane 410 is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit body 10. The limiting structure 40 achieves axial limiting of the drill bit during insertion into other components (such as the guide sleeve 50 or device interface) by means of a planar stop.

[0067] The guide sleeve 50 has a through hole, the inner diameter of which is equal to or precisely matched with the outer diameter of the first end 110 (near the connecting part 20) of the drill bit body 10 to achieve a tight fit. One end of the guide sleeve 50 is provided with a second plane 510, which is also perpendicular to the axis of the guide sleeve 50 and is designed to be parallel and fitted with the first plane 410 to form a plane-to-plane positioning fit.

[0068] In addition, the inner wall of the guide sleeve 50 fits against the outer peripheral surface of the first end 110 of the drill bit, forming a precise radial guiding fit to prevent the drill bit from swinging, deviating or shaking during use.

[0069] When the reamer is in operation, the drill body 10 is inserted into the guide sleeve 50 from the second end 120 until the first plane 410 at the limiting structure 40 and the second plane 510 of the guide sleeve 50 are in contact and stop, i.e., fully inserted. During insertion, the inner wall of the guide sleeve 50 provides full-length axial guidance to the outer circumference of the first end 110 of the drill bit, limiting radial wobble. After insertion, a reliable axial stop surface is formed between the two vertical planes (the first plane 410 and the second plane 510), preventing the drill bit from springing back or retracting and falling off due to drilling force. Throughout the drilling process, the guide sleeve 50 serves as a stable reference structure, continuously providing radial support and axial guidance to the drill body 10, allowing the drill bit to rotate stably around a predetermined axis.

[0070] In this embodiment, a limiting structure 40 perpendicular to the first plane 410 is provided at the connection between the drill body 10 and the connecting part 20, and a guide sleeve 50 with an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the first end 110 of the drill is provided in conjunction. The guide sleeve 50 has a second plane 510 perpendicular to its axis. When the reamer is inserted into the guide sleeve 50, the two planes fit together, and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 50 fits tightly against the outer circumferential surface of the drill, forming a stable axial limiting and radial guiding structure. In the working state, the limiting structure 40 can not only significantly improve the axial positioning accuracy of the drill, prevent excessive or shallow insertion, and ensure assembly consistency, but also effectively suppress the radial runout and jump of the reamer at high speed, enhance the trajectory stability during the drilling process, and reduce the risk of deviation and misalignment. It is especially suitable for surgical scenarios with complex structures or limited space. At the same time, this structure facilitates quick insertion and automatic positioning, reduces human intervention, and improves operational convenience and surgical safety.

[0071] The above description in this specification is merely illustrative of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not depart from the content of this specification or exceed the scope defined in the claims, all of which shall fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A reamer, characterized in that, include: A drill bit body, the drill bit body including a first end and a second end, the outer diameter of the drill bit body gradually decreasing from the first end to the second end along its own axial direction; A cutting portion is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body. The cutting portion extends along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a cutting edge. The distance from the outer edge of the cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

2. The reamer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting portion extends spirally along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a continuous spiral cutting edge. The distance from the outer edge of the spiral cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

3. A reamer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit body has a drill tip formed at the second end, and the drill tip is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

4. A reamer according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body is provided with chip removal grooves, which extend from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body to divide the cutting portion into several cutting units.

5. A reamer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of chip removal grooves is three, and the chip removal grooves extend spirally from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body.

6. A reamer according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A connecting part is disposed at the first end of the drill bit body, and the axis of the connecting part is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body.

7. A reamer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reamer has a cooling channel inside. One end of the cooling channel extends to the end of the connecting part away from the drill bit body to form a first opening. The other end of the cooling channel extends to the periphery of the drill bit body to form a second opening.

8. A reamer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second opening is located in the chip removal groove.

9. A reamer according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limiting structure is provided on the periphery of the connection between the drill bit body and the connecting part. The limiting structure is constructed as a first plane facing the second end, and the first plane is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit body. The reamer also includes a guide sleeve, the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter at the first end of the drill bit body, and one end of the guide sleeve is constructed as a second plane, which is perpendicular to the axis of the guide sleeve. When the reamer is in operation, the drill bit body is inserted into the guide sleeve, the second plane is parallel and fits against the first plane, and the inner wall of the guide sleeve fits against the outer periphery of the first end of the drill bit body.

10. A reamer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting portion extends spirally along the axial direction of the drill bit body and forms a continuous spiral cutting edge, and the distance from the outer edge of the spiral cutting edge to the axis of the drill bit body gradually decreases from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body. The drill bit body has a drill tip formed at the second end, and the drill tip is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body; The outer peripheral surface of the drill bit body is provided with three spaced chip removal grooves. The three chip removal grooves extend spirally from the first end to the second end along the axial direction of the drill bit body to divide the cutting part into three cutting units. The reamer also includes a connecting part, which is disposed at the first end of the drill bit body, and the axis of the connecting part is coaxial with the axis of the drill bit body. The reamer has a cooling channel inside. One end of the cooling channel extends to the end of the connecting part away from the drill bit body to form a first opening. The other end of the cooling channel extends to the periphery of the drill bit body to form a second opening. The second opening is located at the chip removal groove.

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