A pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction devices, including raw material gas inlet, pretreatment unit, adsorption tower group, product gas outlet and desorption gas outlet, intelligent control system can real-time monitoring device operating state, and automatically adjust operating parameter according to the fluctuation of raw material gas component, ensure that still can maintain stable separation effect when gas source composition changes.The device can adapt to a variety of different types of raw material gas, including refinery gas, coke oven gas, synthesis gas etc., can maintain higher hydrogen recovery under different gas source conditions, with wide application range and stronger environmental adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction technology, and in particular to a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen extraction devices generally suffer from the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Insufficient pretreatment capacity: Most units only use mechanical filtration or simple adsorption, which cannot effectively remove hydrocarbons with C5+ content and droplets. For example, the PSA unit of a certain refinery had excessively high C5+ content in the feed gas, which caused the micropores of the adsorbent to become clogged, shortening its lifespan from the designed 10 years to 3 years and increasing the annual replacement cost by 2 million yuan.

[0004] 2. Conflict between adsorption efficiency and purity: Two- or four-tower structures struggle to balance adsorbent utilization and product purity. For example, the device disclosed in CN210229545U uses a single adsorbent bed, resulting in hydrogen purity of only 99.9% and CO content >10 ml / m³. 3 This cannot meet the needs of high-end fields such as fuel cells.

[0005] 3. Poor valve reliability: Traditional programmable valves use ordinary stainless steel valve cores, which are prone to wear under high-frequency switching (more than 100,000 operations per year), resulting in a failure rate as high as 1 failure per year, leading to frequent unplanned shutdowns of the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, one of the objectives of this utility model is to provide a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device.

[0007] One of the objectives of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen extraction device includes a feed gas inlet, a pretreatment unit, an adsorption tower assembly, a product gas outlet, and a desorption gas outlet.

[0009] The pretreatment unit includes a temperature-switching adsorption (TSA) module, which is filled with a composite adsorbent of activated carbon and molecular sieves to remove C5+ and above components and droplets from the raw gas.

[0010] The adsorption tower group consists of at least four small-volume adsorption towers connected in parallel. Each adsorption tower is filled with Li-X molecular sieves and Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent in layers, and a gas distributor is installed at the bottom of the adsorption tower.

[0011] The adsorption tower group is connected by a multi-channel programmable valve group, which includes a bidirectional pressure-resistant valve core and an anti-erosion valve seat. The valve core is made of tungsten carbide coated metal material.

[0012] The device also includes an intelligent control system, which is connected to the adsorption tower group through pressure sensors and temperature sensors, and controls the opening and closing sequence of the programmable valve group through a PLC module.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0014] The pretreatment unit also includes a cyclone separator, which is located upstream of the TSA module and is used to initially separate liquid and solid impurities in the feed gas.

[0015] The height-to-diameter ratio of the adsorption tower is (8-12):1, and the inner wall of the adsorption tower is provided with honeycomb-shaped guide plates with a spacing of 20-30mm.

[0016] The Li-X molecular sieve has a Li+ exchange rate of ≥90%, and the Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent has a copper loading of 15-20wt%.

[0017] The programmable valve group also includes a solenoid valve and a position feedback module, wherein the position feedback module adopts a non-contact magnetostrictive displacement sensor.

[0018] The intelligent control system also includes a light product gas return pipeline and a heavy product gas return pipeline. The light product gas return pipeline connects the product gas outlet to the adsorption tower group inlet, and the heavy product gas return pipeline connects the desorption gas outlet to the adsorption tower group outlet.

[0019] The circulation cycle of the adsorption tower group is ≤8 seconds, of which the adsorption time is 2-5 seconds and the pressure equalization time is ≤1 second.

[0020] The gas distributor is a multi-layer perforated plate structure, with the pore diameter of each layer decreasing along the airflow direction, namely 5mm, 3mm, and 1mm.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] 1. The pretreatment unit efficiently removes heavy hydrocarbons and droplets from the feed gas, significantly reducing the adverse effects of these substances on the subsequent adsorbents. This effectively prevents micropore blockage of the adsorbents, significantly extends their service life, and reduces costs associated with frequent adsorbent replacements, resulting in a marked decrease in maintenance costs. The stratified packing of different types of adsorbents creates a synergistic effect, achieving gradient adsorption of various impurities in the feed gas. This significantly improves the adsorbent's ability to capture impurities, resulting in a substantial increase in the overall utilization rate of the adsorbent.

[0023] 2. Through optimized gas circulation design and multi-tower coordinated operation, the purity of hydrogen products is significantly improved, meeting the stringent requirements of high-end fields for ultra-high purity hydrogen. Simultaneously, the content of impurities such as carbon monoxide is effectively controlled, ensuring stable and reliable product quality. For carbon monoxide in the desorbed gas, a reasonable reflux design significantly improves its recovery rate, effectively utilizing resources that might otherwise be wasted and bringing considerable additional revenue to the company.

[0024] 3. The programmable valve assembly, designed with special materials and structure, maintains excellent performance even under high-frequency operating conditions, significantly reducing the probability of valve failure, minimizing unplanned shutdowns due to equipment malfunctions, and significantly extending the continuous operating time of the unit. Optimized flow guidance and gas distribution structure inside the adsorption tower effectively reduces bed pressure drop and energy loss during gas flow, resulting in a significant reduction in overall energy consumption and further lower operating costs.

[0025] 4. The intelligent control system can monitor the operating status of the unit in real time and automatically adjust the operating parameters according to the fluctuations in the composition of the feed gas, ensuring a stable separation effect even when the gas source composition changes. The unit can adapt to various types of feed gas, including refinery gas, coke oven gas, and syngas, and can maintain a high hydrogen recovery rate under different gas source conditions, with a wide range of applications and strong environmental adaptability.

[0026] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a front view of this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the rear view of this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the component control valve assembly structure in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas distributor structure in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the component adsorption tower assembly structure in this embodiment.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Raw material gas inlet; 2. Pretreatment unit; 21. TSA module; 22. Cyclone separator; 3. Adsorption tower group; 31. Adsorption tower; 311. Molecular sieve; 312. Adsorbent; 313. Gas distributor; 314. Baffle plate; 4. Product gas outlet; 5. Desorbed gas outlet; 6. Programmable valve group; 61. Valve core; 62. Valve seat; 63. Solenoid valve; 64. Position feedback module; 7. Intelligent control system; 71. Pressure sensor; 72. Temperature sensor; 73. PLC module; 74. Light product gas return pipeline; 75. Heavy product gas return pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0037] Please see Figures 1 to 6 The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device of this embodiment includes a raw gas inlet 1, a pretreatment unit 2, an adsorption tower group 3, a product gas outlet 4, and a desorption gas outlet 5. The pretreatment unit 2 includes a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) module 21, which is filled with a composite adsorbent of activated carbon and molecular sieve to remove C5+ and above components and droplets from the raw gas. The adsorption tower group 3 is composed of at least four small-volume adsorption towers 31 connected in parallel. Each adsorption tower 31 is filled with Li-X molecular sieve 311 and Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent 312 in layers, and a gas distributor 313 is provided at the bottom of the adsorption tower 31. The adsorption tower group 3 is connected by a multi-channel programmable valve group 6, which includes a bidirectional pressure-resistant valve core 61 and an anti-erosion valve seat 62. The valve core 61 is made of tungsten carbide coated metal material.

[0038] The device also includes an intelligent control system 7, which is connected to the adsorption tower group 3 via a pressure sensor 71 and a temperature sensor 72, and controls the opening and closing sequence of the programmable valve group 6 via a PLC module 73. The pretreatment unit 2 also includes a cyclone separator 22, which is located upstream of the TSA module 21 and is used to initially separate liquid and solid impurities in the raw gas. The height-to-diameter ratio of the adsorption tower 31 is (8-12):1, and the inner wall of the adsorption tower 31 is provided with honeycomb-shaped guide plates 314 with a spacing of 20-30 mm. The Li+ exchange rate of the Li-X molecular sieve 311 is ≥90%, and the copper loading of the Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent 312 is 15. -20wt%, the programmable valve group 6 also includes a solenoid valve 63 and a position feedback module 64. The position feedback module 64 adopts a non-contact magnetostrictive displacement sensor. The intelligent control system 7 also includes a light product gas return pipe 74 and a heavy product gas return pipe 75. The light product gas return pipe 74 connects the product gas outlet 4 to the inlet of the adsorption tower group 3. The heavy product gas return pipe 75 connects the desorption gas outlet 5 to the outlet of the adsorption tower group 3. The circulation cycle of the adsorption tower group 3 is ≤8 seconds, of which the adsorption time is 2-5 seconds and the pressure equalization time is ≤1 second. The gas distributor 313 is a multi-layer porous plate structure. The pore size of each porous plate decreases along the airflow direction, which are 5mm, 3mm and 1mm respectively.

[0039] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen extraction device, comprising a feed gas inlet (1), a pretreatment unit (2), an adsorption tower assembly (3), a product gas outlet (4), and a desorption gas outlet (5), characterized in that: The pretreatment unit (2) includes a temperature-switching adsorption (TSA) module (21), which is filled with a composite adsorbent of activated carbon and molecular sieve to remove C5+ and droplets from the raw gas. The adsorption tower group (3) consists of at least four small-volume adsorption towers (31) connected in parallel. Each adsorption tower (31) is filled with Li-X molecular sieve (311) and Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent (312) in layers inside, and a gas distributor (313) is provided at the bottom of the adsorption tower (31). The adsorption tower group (3) is connected by a multi-channel programmable valve group (6). The programmable valve group (6) includes a bidirectional pressure-resistant valve core (61) and an anti-erosion valve seat (62). The valve core (61) is made of tungsten carbide coated metal material. The device also includes an intelligent control system (7), which is connected to the adsorption tower group (3) through a pressure sensor (71) and a temperature sensor (72), and controls the opening and closing sequence of the programmable valve group (6) through a PLC module (73).

2. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment unit (2) further includes a cyclone separator (22), which is located upstream of the TSA module (21) and is used to initially separate liquid and solid impurities in the raw gas.

3. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device of claim 1, wherein: The height-to-diameter ratio of the adsorption tower (31) is (8-12):1, and the inner wall of the adsorption tower (31) is provided with honeycomb-shaped guide plates (314), with a spacing of 20-30mm between the guide plates (314).

4. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device of claim 1, wherein: The Li-X molecular sieve (311) has a Li+ exchange rate of ≥90%, and the Cu(Ⅰ) / AC adsorbent (312) has a copper loading of 15-20wt%.

5. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable valve group (6) also includes a solenoid valve (63) and a position feedback module (64), wherein the position feedback module (64) adopts a non-contact magnetostrictive displacement sensor.

6. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device of claim 1, wherein: The intelligent control system (7) also includes a light product gas return pipe (74) and a heavy product gas return pipe (75). The light product gas return pipe (74) connects the product gas outlet (4) to the inlet of the adsorption tower group (3), and the heavy product gas return pipe (75) connects the desorption gas outlet (5) to the outlet of the adsorption tower group (3).

7. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cycle of the adsorption tower group (3) is ≤8 seconds, wherein the adsorption time is 2-5 seconds and the pressure equalization time is ≤1 second.

8. The pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction device of claim 1, wherein: The gas distributor (313) is a multi-layer perforated plate structure, with the pore diameter of each layer decreasing along the airflow direction, namely 5mm, 3mm, and 1mm.

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