Buffer energy-absorbing device and rail vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of buffer energy-absorbing device and railway vehicle, it is related to the buffer technical field of railway vehicle, including outer cylinder, top end is open;Damping structure, slidingly set in outer cylinder, damping structure is equipped with the passage for passing through cement;Inner cylinder, bottom end is open, and place in outer cylinder, inner cylinder is connected in the upper end outer circumferential surface of damping structure;Piston, set in inner cylinder;Anti-climb tooth, set in the top end of inner cylinder;Sealing stop, set in the top end of outer cylinder;The area formed by piston and the upper cavity of inner cylinder is first cavity, first cavity is used to fill inert gas, the area formed by piston and the lower cavity of inner cylinder and the upper end of damping structure is second cavity, the area formed by the lower end of damping structure and the lower cavity of outer cylinder is third cavity, second cavity and third cavity are filled with cement.The above-mentioned buffer energy-absorbing device has the technical effect that damping force size fluctuation is small, energy-absorbing capacity is large, and buffer force is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of buffer technology for rail vehicles, and in particular to a buffer energy absorption device and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A buffer is a vehicle's energy-absorbing device used to mitigate the longitudinal impact force received by a train when it is subjected to an impact. An elastic clay buffer is a type of buffer that absorbs the impact energy received by the train through the compression of an elastic clay medium.

[0003] However, existing clay buffer technologies have certain shortcomings. For example, the clay buffer provided by invention patent CN109017861B, although it dissipates energy by compressing the clay or by passing the clay through a fixed damping orifice, has a low energy absorption capacity. In addition, the utilization rate of the clay is also low, and the energy that can be dissipated per unit mass of clay is limited, which to some extent restricts the performance improvement of the buffer energy absorption device.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a buffer energy absorption device that can absorb a large amount of energy and provide stable buffering force is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a buffer energy absorption device and a rail vehicle, which solves the technical problem of low energy absorption capacity of existing buffer energy absorption devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a buffer energy absorption device, comprising:

[0007] The outer cylinder body has an opening at the top.

[0008] The damping structure is slidably installed inside the outer cylinder, with the outer wall of the damping structure fitting against the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The damping structure is provided with a channel for the mortar to pass through.

[0009] The inner cylinder has an opening at the bottom and is placed inside the outer cylinder. The outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are in clearance fit. The inner cylinder is detachably connected to the upper outer circumference of the damping structure. The inner cylinder and the damping structure can slide inside the outer cylinder.

[0010] The piston is located inside the inner cylinder.

[0011] Anti-climb teeth are installed at the top of the inner cylinder.

[0012] A sealing stop is installed at the top of the outer cylinder and sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder;

[0013] The area formed by the piston and the upper cavity of the inner cylinder is the first cavity, which is filled with inert gas. The area formed by the piston, the lower cavity of the inner cylinder, and the upper end of the damping structure is the second cavity. The area formed by the lower end of the damping structure and the lower cavity of the outer cylinder is the third cavity. Both the second and third cavities are filled with putty.

[0014] Preferably, the damping structure includes:

[0015] End cap, the upper end of the end cap is detachably connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder, and the end cap is provided with a plurality of through first holes spaced apart along the circumference, each of the first through holes connecting to the second cavity;

[0016] The connecting part is detachably connected to the lower end of the end cap. The top of the connecting part is provided with a conical receiving cavity, and the bottom of the connecting part is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole communicating with the conical receiving cavity.

[0017] The cone-shaped block has its top end connected to the bottom end of the end cap via a connecting assembly. The bottom end of the cone-shaped block is located inside the second through hole. There is a gap between the outer circumferential surface of the bottom end of the cone-shaped block and the inner wall of the cone-shaped receiving cavity. The cone-shaped block can reciprocate within the cone-shaped receiving cavity.

[0018] Preferably, the second through hole is located at the center of the connection portion, and the third through hole is spaced apart from the second through hole in the circumferential direction.

[0019] Preferably, the end cap has a through stepped hole at its center. The stepped hole includes a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole, and a fourth circular hole arranged from top to bottom. The diameter of the first circular hole is larger than the diameter of the second circular hole, the diameter of the second circular hole is larger than the diameter of the third circular hole, and the diameter of the fourth circular hole is larger than the diameter of the third circular hole. The connecting assembly includes:

[0020] A spring base is fixed in the first circular hole, and a first protrusion is provided at the center of the bottom;

[0021] A spring sleeve, the top of which is defined within a second circular hole, and the bottom which passes through a third and a fourth circular hole and is located within a conical receiving cavity. A conical block is fixed to the bottom of the spring sleeve, and a second protrusion is provided in the opening at the top of the spring sleeve.

[0022] An elastic element is fitted between the first protrusion and the second protrusion. When the elastic element is in its initial state, the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the bottom end of the conical block and the inner wall of the conical receiving cavity is 1-2 mm.

[0023] Preferably, a limiting plate is provided on the outer side of the top end of the spring sleeve. The limiting plate is located inside the second circular hole, and the outer diameter of the limiting plate is larger than the diameter of the third through hole.

[0024] Preferably, the elastic element is a spring.

[0025] Preferably, the upper end of the inner cylinder is connected to the first partition, and the bottom of the anti-climbing tooth is connected to the first partition through a connecting pipe.

[0026] Preferably, the sealing stop is threadedly connected to the top of the outer cylinder body.

[0027] A rail vehicle including the aforementioned buffer energy-absorbing device.

[0028] Compared to the aforementioned background technology, the present invention provides a buffer energy absorption device in which, when a rail vehicle is impacted, the impact force first acts on the anti-climb teeth, which then transmit the impact force to the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder drives the piston and damping structure to slide within the outer cylinder. At this time, the mortar in the third cavity is squeezed by the damping structure, and the mortar flows through the channels provided on the damping structure. During the flow, the mortar rubs against the channel wall, and at the same time, the movement between mortar molecules, the movement of molecular chain segments and molecular chains generate damping force, thereby dissipating the impact kinetic energy.

[0029] As the impact continues, some of the putty flows from the third cavity into the second cavity through the channels of the damping structure. The increase in the amount of putty in the second cavity pushes the piston upward, thereby compressing the inert gas in the first cavity. The inert gas is compressed and stores energy. During the entire impact process, because the damping structure is slidably installed in the outer cylinder and the channel size of the damping structure changes with the impact speed, the flow rate and volume of the putty through the channel change. This causes the gap between the channels to change with the impact speed. The entire damping process is a non-constant process with small fluctuations in the damping force. Compared with the constant damping structure in the prior art, it is smoother, achieving a better buffering and energy absorption effect, as well as large energy absorption, rapid rise in resistance, and stable buffering force.

[0030] After the impact, the compressed inert gas in the first cavity expands, pushing the piston toward the damping structure. The piston drives the inner cylinder and the damping structure to move in opposite directions, causing the putty in the second cavity to flow back to the third cavity through the channel of the damping structure, restoring it to its initial state and preparing for the next possible impact. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A front view of a buffer energy absorption device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2for Figure 1 Main sectional view;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A half-section view;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0036] Figure 5 The simulation result diagram shows a buffer energy absorption device provided in the embodiment of this utility model.

[0037] in:

[0038] 1-Outer cylinder body, 2-Damping structure, 3-Inner cylinder body, 4-Piston, 5-Anti-creep teeth, 6-Sealing stop, 7-First cavity, 8-Second cavity, 9-Third cavity, 10-End cap, 11-First through hole, 12-Connecting part, 13-Conical receiving cavity, 14-Second through hole, 15-Third through hole, 16-Conical block, 17-Spring base, 18-Spring sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] See Figures 1-3This application provides a buffer energy absorption device, comprising: an outer cylinder 1 with an open top; a damping structure 2 slidably disposed within the outer cylinder 1, the outer wall of the damping structure 2 being fitted against the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1, and the damping structure 2 having a channel for the passage of putty; an inner cylinder 3 with an open bottom and placed within the outer cylinder 1, the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 3 being clearance-fitted, the inner cylinder 3 being detachably connected to the upper outer circumferential surface of the damping structure 2, and the inner cylinder 3 and the damping structure 2 being vertically slidable within the outer cylinder 1; a piston 4 disposed within the inner cylinder 3; and anti-climb teeth. 5. The sealing stop 6 is set at the top of the inner cylinder 3; the sealing stop 6 is set at the top of the outer cylinder 1. Specifically, the sealing stop 6 is connected to the top of the outer cylinder 1 by bolts and is sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder 3; the area formed by the piston 4 and the upper cavity of the inner cylinder 3 is the first cavity 7, which is used to fill inert gas; the area formed by the piston 4, the lower cavity of the inner cylinder 3 and the upper end of the damping structure 2 is the second cavity 8; the area formed by the lower end of the damping structure 2 and the lower cavity of the outer cylinder 1 is the third cavity 9; the second cavity 8 and the third cavity 9 are both filled with putty.

[0042] In other words, when the rail vehicle is impacted, the impact force first acts on the anti-climbing tooth 5, which transmits the impact force to the inner cylinder 3. The inner cylinder 3 drives the piston 4 and the damping structure 2 to slide inside the outer cylinder 1. At this time, the mortar in the third cavity 9 is squeezed by the damping structure 2. The mortar flows through the channel set on the damping structure 2. During the flow, the mortar rubs against the channel wall. At the same time, the movement between mortar molecules, the movement of molecular chain segments and molecular chains generate damping force, thereby dissipating the impact kinetic energy.

[0043] As the impact continues, some of the putty flows from the third cavity 9 into the second cavity 8 through the channel of the damping structure 2. The increase in the amount of putty in the second cavity 8 pushes the piston 4 upward, thereby compressing the inert gas in the first cavity 7. The inert gas is compressed and stores energy. During the entire impact process, since the damping structure 2 is slidably set in the outer cylinder 1, and the channel size of the damping structure 2 changes with the impact speed, the flow rate and volume of the putty through the channel change. This causes the gap between the channels to change with the impact speed. The entire damping process is a non-constant process with small fluctuations in the damping force. Compared with the constant damping structure in the prior art, it is smoother and achieves a better buffering and energy absorption effect.

[0044] After the impact, the compressed inert gas in the first cavity 7 expands, pushing the piston 4 toward the damping structure 2. The piston 4 drives the inner cylinder 3 and the damping structure 2 to move in opposite directions, causing the putty in the second cavity 8 to flow back to the third cavity 9 through the channel of the damping structure 2, returning to the initial state to prepare for the next possible impact.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, see Figure 4The upper end of the end cap 10 is detachably connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder 3, specifically by a threaded connection. The end cap 10 is provided with multiple through holes 11 spaced apart along the circumference. Each through hole 11 is connected to the second cavity 8. The number and size of the through holes 11 can be designed according to actual needs.

[0046] The connecting part 12 is detachably connected to the lower end of the end cap 10, and can also be connected by threads, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the end cap 10. The top end of the connecting part 12 is provided with a conical receiving cavity 13, which is a cone shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and is used to receive the conical block 16.

[0047] The bottom of the connecting part 12 is provided with a second through hole 14 and a third through hole 15 that connect to the conical receiving cavity 13. The second through hole 14 is located at the center and is mainly used to cooperate with the conical block 16 to form a damping channel. The third through hole 15 serves as a channel for fluid to flow out or in.

[0048] The top end of the conical block 16 is connected to the bottom end of the end cap 10 via a connecting assembly. The bottom end of the conical block 16 is located within the second through hole 14. There is a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the conical block 16 and the inner wall of the conical cavity 13, allowing the conical block 16 to move vertically within the conical cavity 13. When fluid passes through, the conical block 16 is subjected to the pressure of the fluid and undergoes a slight displacement, changing the size of the gap and thus adjusting the damping force. The channel of the damping structure 2 consists of the first through hole 11, the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the conical block 16 and the inner wall of the conical cavity 13, the second through hole 14, and the third through hole 15.

[0049] Working principle:

[0050] Under the impact force, the inner cylinder 3 drives the damping structure 2 to slide within the outer cylinder 1. Under low-speed impact, the putty in the third cavity 9 is compressed, generating pressure. The putty in the third cavity 9 first passes through the third through hole 15 and the second through hole 14 on the end cap 10, and then through the gap between the bottom outer circumferential surface of the conical block 16 and the inner wall of the conical receiving cavity 13, and enters the conical receiving cavity 13.

[0051] When the impact velocity is high, the putty in the third cavity 9 is subjected to greater compression, and the pressure increases sharply. At this time, the pressure on the conical block 16 also increases accordingly, causing it to move upward within the conical receiving cavity 13. After the conical block 16 moves upward, the gap between its bottom outer circumference and the inner wall of the conical receiving cavity 13 increases, thereby increasing the flow channel of the putty and increasing the flow rate. Consequently, the entire damping process is a non-constant process, with small fluctuations in the damping force. Compared with the constant damping structure in the prior art, this is smoother and achieves a better buffering and energy absorption effect. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5Numerical simulation results were obtained when a vehicle impacted the energy-absorbing buffer device of this application at a speed of 30 km / h. The results show that the energy-absorbing buffer device provided in this application has a large energy absorption capacity, good mechanical characteristic curve, rapid increase in resistance, and stable buffering force. As the mortar continuously flows from the third cavity 9 into the second cavity 8, the pressure inside the second cavity 8 continuously increases. Under the action of the mortar pressure in the second cavity 8, the piston 4 moves upward, compressing the inert gas in the first cavity 7. When the inert gas is compressed, it generates a reaction force, further increasing the damping effect of the device and effectively absorbing and dissipating impact energy.

[0052] Based on the above embodiments, the end cap 10 has a through stepped hole at its center. The stepped hole includes a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole, and a fourth circular hole arranged from top to bottom. The diameter of the first circular hole is larger than the diameter of the second circular hole, the diameter of the second circular hole is larger than the diameter of the third circular hole, and the diameter of the fourth circular hole is larger than the diameter of the third circular hole. The connecting assembly includes a spring base 17, which is fixedly disposed in the first circular hole. Specifically, the spring base 17 is threaded into the first circular hole, and a first protrusion is provided at the center of its bottom. A spring sleeve 18 is also included. The top of the cylinder 18 is defined within the second circular hole, and the bottom passes through the third and fourth circular holes and is located within the conical receiving cavity 13. The conical block 16 is fixed to the bottom of the spring sleeve 18. Specifically, the connection between the conical block 16 and the spring sleeve 18 is a threaded connection. The top opening of the spring sleeve 18 is provided with a second protrusion. The elastic element 19 is sleeved between the first and second protrusions. When the elastic element 19 is in the initial state (i.e., in the natural state), the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the bottom end of the conical block 16 and the inner wall of the conical receiving cavity 13 is 1-2 mm.

[0053] In other words, the top of the spring sleeve 18 is defined within the second circular hole and an end cap is provided. Thus, the movement stroke of the spring sleeve 18 is the second circular hole, preventing the spring sleeve 18 from detaching from the end cap 10. Since the conical block 16 is fixed at the bottom of the spring sleeve 18, and an elastic element 19 is provided between the spring base 17 and the spring sleeve 18, the elastic element 19 can restore the conical block 16 to its original position after the impact is completed.

[0054] Based on the above embodiment, a limiting plate is provided on the outer side of the top end of the spring sleeve 18. The limiting plate is located in the second circular hole, and the outer diameter of the limiting plate is larger than the diameter of the third through hole. In other words, the movement stroke of the spring sleeve 18 is limited by the setting of the limiting plate.

[0055] Based on the above embodiments, the inner cylinder 3 may have openings at both ends, with the upper opening welded to the first partition to close the upper opening, and the bottom of the anti-climb tooth 5 connected to the first partition through a connecting pipe. Specifically, the two ends of the connecting pipe are welded to the anti-climb tooth 5 and the first partition, respectively. Similarly, the outer cylinder 1 has openings at both ends, with the lower opening welded to the second partition to close the lower opening.

[0056] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0057] This application also provides a rail vehicle, and all of the above-mentioned buffer energy absorption devices can be applied to rail vehicles.

[0058] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from the principles of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A cushioning energy absorbing device, characterized in that, include: The outer cylinder body (1) has an opening at the top. The damping structure (2) is slidably disposed inside the outer cylinder (1), the outer wall of the damping structure (2) is attached to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (1), and the damping structure (2) is provided with a channel for the mortar to pass through. The inner cylinder (3) has an opening at the bottom and is placed inside the outer cylinder (1). The outer cylinder (1) and the inner cylinder (3) are in clearance fit. The inner cylinder (3) is detachably connected to the upper outer circumferential surface of the damping structure (2). The inner cylinder (3) and the damping structure (2) can slide inside the outer cylinder (1). Piston (4) is disposed inside the inner cylinder (3); Anti-climb teeth (5) are provided at the top of the inner cylinder (3); A sealing stop (6) is provided at the top of the outer cylinder (1) and sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder (3); The area formed by the piston (4) and the upper cavity of the inner cylinder (3) is the first cavity (7), which is filled with inert gas. The area formed by the piston (4), the lower cavity of the inner cylinder (3) and the upper end of the damping structure (2) is the second cavity (8). The area formed by the lower end of the damping structure (2) and the lower cavity of the outer cylinder (1) is the third cavity (9). Both the second cavity (8) and the third cavity (9) are filled with putty.

2. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping structure (2) includes: End cap (10), the upper end of the end cap (10) is detachably connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder (3), the end cap (10) is provided with a plurality of through first holes (11) spaced apart along the circumference, each of the first holes (11) is connected to the second cavity (8). The connecting part (12) is detachably connected to the lower end of the end cap (10). The top end of the connecting part (12) is provided with a conical receiving cavity (13), and the bottom end of the connecting part (12) is provided with a second through hole (14) and a third through hole (15) communicating with the conical receiving cavity (13). A conical block (16) is connected at its top end to the bottom end of the end cap (10) via a connecting assembly. The bottom end of the conical block (16) is located inside the second through hole (14). There is a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the bottom end of the conical block (16) and the inner wall of the conical cavity (13). The conical block (16) can reciprocate within the conical cavity (13).

3. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second through hole (14) is located at the center of the connecting part (12), and the third through hole (15) is circumferentially spaced about the second through hole (14).

4. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end cap (10) has a through stepped hole at its center. The stepped hole includes a first round hole, a second round hole, a third round hole and a fourth round hole arranged from top to bottom. The diameter of the first round hole is larger than the diameter of the second round hole, the diameter of the second round hole is larger than the diameter of the third round hole, and the diameter of the fourth round hole is larger than the diameter of the third round hole. The connection component includes: A spring base (17) is fixed in the first circular hole, and a first protrusion is provided at the center of the bottom; A spring sleeve (18) has its top defined within the second circular hole, and its bottom passes through the third and fourth circular holes and is located within the conical receiving cavity (13). The conical block (16) is fixed to the bottom of the spring sleeve (18), and a second protrusion is provided in the top opening of the spring sleeve (18). The elastic element (19) is sleeved between the first protrusion and the second protrusion. When the elastic element (19) is in the initial state, the gap between the bottom outer peripheral surface of the conical block (16) and the inner wall of the conical receiving cavity (13) is 1-2 mm.

5. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spring sleeve (18) has a limiting plate on the outer side of its top end. The limiting plate is located inside the second circular hole, and the outer diameter of the limiting plate is larger than the diameter of the third through hole.

6. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element is a spring.

7. The buffer energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing stop (6) is threaded to the top of the outer cylinder (1).

8. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a buffer energy absorption device as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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