A battery detection system

Abstract

The utility model relates to battery detection technical field, more particularly, relate to a kind of battery detection system, adopt the structure of the utility model, mainly including several battery measurement units, battery measurement unit includes battery management module, power transistor, read-only storage and NTC thermal module, read-only storage and NTC thermal module are connected with the battery management module, battery management module is connected with the central processing unit by asynchronous transceiver transmitter. Through the above structure, stackable battery monitoring chip is used, and multiple pieces of series architecture are supported to expand monitoring capability. Although the number of single-chip batteries is limited, four-chip cascading stack integration in a single BMU can be achieved through the structure of the present solution, and up to 64 strings of battery voltage and temperature synchronous acquisition can be achieved. This significantly increases the number of battery detection and improves detection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery testing technology, and more specifically, to a battery testing system. Background Technology

[0002] The BMS (Battery Management System) integrates MCU, digital isolation, and wireless transmission technologies, supporting multi-channel synchronous sampling (such as TI's bq series ICs) with a sampling accuracy of 0.1mV. In recent years, AI algorithms (such as LSTM neural networks) have been introduced into SOH (State of Health) prediction, combined with novel sensing technologies such as EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy), driving the development of measurement systems towards intelligence and high integration (such as SoC chip solutions) to meet the stringent safety and energy efficiency requirements of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, current battery testing systems often have a low capacity for detecting the number of battery cells, resulting in low testing efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery testing system to solve the problem of low battery testing efficiency in the prior art.

[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A battery testing system includes a plurality of battery measurement units, each of which is used to measure a plurality of battery cells;

[0006] The battery measurement unit includes a battery management module, a power transistor, a read-only memory (ROM), and an NTC thermistor module. The ROM and the NTC thermistor module are connected to the battery management module. The battery management modules are connected to each other via a communication module. The power transistor and the battery cells are respectively connected to the battery management module. The battery management module is connected to the central processing unit via an asynchronous transceiver.

[0007] Preferably, the battery management module includes a first processor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor and an eleventh capacitor, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor;

[0008] The first capacitor, the third capacitor, the sixth capacitor, the ninth capacitor, and the third resistor are respectively connected to the first processor;

[0009] The second capacitor is connected to the first resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first processor;

[0010] One end of the second resistor, the fourth capacitor, and the tenth capacitor is connected to the same end of the first processor, and the other end is connected to the fifth capacitor. The other end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the first processor.

[0011] The eleventh capacitor is connected to the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the first processor, and the other end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the other end of the eighth capacitor.

[0012] Preferably, the communication module includes a second processor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a twelfth capacitor, and a thirteenth capacitor;

[0013] One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the twelfth capacitor, the second processor, and the sixth resistor, respectively.

[0014] The other end of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the fifth resistor and the second processor;

[0015] The other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second processor;

[0016] The thirteenth capacitor is connected to the second processor.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a power module, which provides a stable voltage to the battery measurement unit, and the power module includes a step-down module and a voltage regulator module.

[0018] Preferably, the step-down module includes a third processor, a first inductor, a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, a seventeenth capacitor, an eighteenth capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor;

[0019] The two ends of the fourteenth capacitor are respectively connected to the first inductor and the fifteenth capacitor, and the other ends of the fifteenth capacitor and the first inductor are simultaneously connected to one end of the third processor.

[0020] One end of the sixteenth capacitor, seventeenth capacitor, eighteenth capacitor, second diode, and tenth resistor are simultaneously connected to one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the third processor and the first diode, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the ninth resistor and the third processor respectively.

[0021] One end of the seventh resistor is connected to the sixteenth capacitor, and the other end is connected to the second diode and the third processor, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, the voltage regulator module includes a fourth processor, a nineteenth capacitor, a twentieth capacitor, a twenty-first capacitor, a twenty-second capacitor, and a twenty-third capacitor;

[0023] The two ends of the parallel connection of the nineteenth and twentieth capacitors are respectively connected to the fourth processor.

[0024] One end of the parallel connection of the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd capacitors is connected to the fourth processor.

[0025] Preferably, the thermal module includes a fifth processor and a twenty-fourth capacitor, with the twenty-fourth capacitor connected to the fifth processor.

[0026] Preferably, the battery measurement unit is provided in 4 groups.

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] The structure of this invention mainly includes several battery measurement units. Each battery measurement unit includes a battery management module, a power transistor, a read-only memory (ROM), and an NTC thermistor module. The ROM and NTC thermistor module are connected to the battery management module, which is connected to the central processing unit (CPU) via an asynchronous transceiver. This structure, employing a stackable battery monitoring chip, supports a multi-chip cascade architecture to expand monitoring capabilities. Although the number of batteries a single chip can manage is limited, this design allows for the cascading integration of four chips into a single BMU, enabling simultaneous acquisition of voltage and temperature data from up to 64 battery cells. This significantly increases the number of batteries that can be detected and improves detection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery management module of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the communication module of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the practical power supply module;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the NTC thermistor module of this utility model.

[0035] Icons: C1 - First capacitor, C2 - Second capacitor, C3 - Third capacitor, C4 - Fourth capacitor, C5 - Fifth capacitor, C6 - Sixth capacitor, C7 - Seventh capacitor, C8 - Eighth capacitor, C9 - Ninth capacitor, C10 - Tenth capacitor, C11 - Eleventh capacitor, C12 - Twelfth capacitor, C13 - Thirteenth capacitor, C14 - Fourteenth capacitor, C15 - Fifteenth capacitor, C16 - Sixteenth capacitor, C17 - Seventeenth capacitor, C18 - Eighteenth capacitor, C19 - Nineteenth capacitor Capacitors: C20 - 20th capacitor, C21 - 21st and 25th capacitors, C22 - 22nd capacitor, C23 - 23rd capacitor, C24 - 24th capacitor, R1 - 1st resistor, R2 - 2nd resistor, R3 - 3rd resistor, R4 - 4th resistor, R5 - 5th resistor, R6 - 6th resistor, R7 - 7th resistor, R8 - 8th resistor, R9 - 9th resistor, R10 - 10th resistor, L1 - 1st inductor, D1 - 1st diode, D2 - 2nd diode. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 A battery testing system includes several battery measurement units (BMUs), each of which measures several battery cells. The BMU is a controller used to monitor the voltage and temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack throughout its lifespan. The BMU needs to have high measurement accuracy for voltage and temperature monitoring. The information collected by the BMU is transmitted to the rack-level controller, the battery control unit (BCU), for safety and charging management.

[0038] The battery measurement unit includes a battery management module, a power transistor, a read-only memory (ROM), and an NTC thermistor module. The ROM and the NTC thermistor module are connected to the battery management module. The battery management modules are connected to each other via a communication module. The power transistor and the battery cells are each connected to the battery management module. The battery management module is connected to the central processing unit via an asynchronous transceiver. The battery measurement unit is configured with four groups.

[0039] In this solution, cascaded battery management chips monitor the voltage and temperature of each battery cell, enabling millivolt-level voltage acquisition for 16 to 64 individual cells. All sensor data is safely transmitted to the low-voltage side via a digital isolator. A daisy-chain interface allows for large-scale stacking of adjacent battery management chips. A single battery management chip can monitor 16 cells; this solution uses four cascaded chips, allowing a single BMU to manage 64 cells simultaneously. Communication between BMUs is achieved via a robust CAN bus.

[0040] The structure of this invention mainly includes several battery measurement units. Each battery measurement unit includes a battery management module, a power transistor, a read-only memory (ROM), and an NTC thermistor module. The ROM and NTC thermistor module are connected to the battery management module, which is connected to the central processing unit (CPU) via an asynchronous transceiver. This structure, employing a stackable battery monitoring chip, supports a multi-chip cascade architecture to expand monitoring capabilities. Although the number of batteries a single chip can manage is limited, this design allows for the cascading integration of four chips into a single BMU, enabling simultaneous acquisition of voltage and temperature data from up to 64 battery cells. This significantly increases the number of batteries that can be detected and improves detection efficiency.

[0041] Secondly, the BCU uses the STM32H series microcontroller as its core controller and supports multiple BCUs to be cascaded via the CAN bus, thereby expanding to larger-scale battery packs and realizing online monitoring of lithium battery energy storage systems up to 2000V.

[0042] The hardware design of the BMU also includes an equalization circuit and an NTC thermistor circuit, and integrates and applies the core sampling chip BQ79616.

[0043] Regarding the central processing unit (CPU) of this solution, a real-time clock is added to record the current time, and a flash module stores data to ensure data preservation in case of unexpected situations. For peripherals, robust CAN communication is used to transmit data with the BMU, host computer, and Hall sensors. RS-485 and Ethernet are also integrated to expand communication interfaces. The BMU is a controller designed and installed in the battery pack to monitor the voltage and temperature of each battery cell throughout its lifespan, transmitting the data to the BCU for SOC and SOH calculations, and implementing balancing strategies during charging to prevent overcharging.

[0044] Furthermore, the BCU integrates a High Voltage Monitoring Unit (HMU), a controller designed to be installed within the battery rack to monitor the status of the rack and individual battery packs, including measurements of rack voltage, current, single or cumulative charge / discharge cycles, cycle time, and insulation resistance. The BCU and HMU work together with enhanced insulation to separate high-voltage and low-voltage areas. Data is transmitted via high-speed optocouplers, enabling comprehensive protection and energy management functions on the battery rack.

[0045] In one exemplary embodiment of this utility model, the battery management module includes a first processor, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10 and an eleventh capacitor C11, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3.

[0046] The first capacitor C1, the third capacitor C3, the sixth capacitor C6, the ninth capacitor C9, and the third resistor R3 are respectively connected to the first processor;

[0047] The second capacitor C2 is connected to the first resistor R1R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1R1 is connected to the first processor;

[0048] One end of the second resistor R2, the fourth capacitor C4, and the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the same end of the first processor, and the other end is connected to the fifth capacitor C5. The other end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected to the first processor.

[0049] The eleventh capacitor C11 is connected to the seventh capacitor C7, the eighth capacitor C8 and the first processor, and the other end of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected to the other end of the eighth capacitor C8.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first processor, model BQ79616, is used as the main measurement unit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the BQ79616 device provides high-precision cell voltage measurement for 16 series-connected battery modules in a high-voltage battery management system, completing the measurement in less than 200 μs. This monitor offers different channel options within the same package type, providing pin-to-pin compatibility and supporting highly reusable existing software and hardware on any platform. With an integrated front-end filter, the integrated post-ADC low-pass filter performs filtered, DC-like voltage measurements for better state-of-charge calculation.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment of this utility model, the communication module includes a second processor, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a twelfth capacitor C12, and a thirteenth capacitor C13;

[0052] One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the twelfth capacitor C12, the second processor and the sixth resistor R6 respectively;

[0053] The other end of the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected to the fifth resistor R5 and the second processor;

[0054] The other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second processor;

[0055] The thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected to the second processor.

[0056] In this embodiment, an STM32F1 series microcontroller is integrated within each BMU, dedicated to packaging and preprocessing voltage, temperature, and status data from the BQ79616 measurement chip, and forwarding it to the BCU via the upper-level CAN bus. To ensure data isolation and signal integrity between the STM32F1 and the measurement chip, the second processor uses an ISO7742DWR capacitive digital isolator, with a single-channel isolation withstand voltage of up to 2kV and a transmission rate of up to 150Mbps. This significantly improves the system's electrical safety and simplifies the PCB layout. Figure 3 As shown.

[0057] For data transmission, we selected the TJA1145 transceiver, specifically designed for automotive-grade high-speed CAN applications, to provide differential signal transmission and reception functions for the CAN protocol controller within the MCU, enabling robust communication between the BMU and BCU. This device exhibits extremely low quiescent current in standby and sleep modes and features selective wake-up functionality, allowing the BMU to be woken up via CAN bus messages. The TJA1145 is a highly integrated module, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment of this utility model, a power supply module is further included. The power supply module is used to provide a stable voltage to the battery measurement unit. The power supply module includes a step-down module and a voltage regulator module.

[0059] Specifically, the step-down module includes a third processor, a first inductor L1, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, an eighteenth capacitor C18, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a tenth resistor R10.

[0060] The two ends of the fourteenth capacitor C14 are respectively connected to the first inductor L1 and the fifteenth capacitor C15, and the other ends of the fifteenth capacitor C15 and the first inductor L1 are simultaneously connected to one end of the third processor.

[0061] One end of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the seventeenth capacitor C17, the eighteenth capacitor C18, the second diode D2, and the tenth resistor R10 are simultaneously connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8. The other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the third processor and the first diode D1. The other end of the first diode D1 is connected to the ninth resistor R9 and the third processor, respectively.

[0062] One end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the sixteenth capacitor C16, and the other end is connected to the second diode D2 and the third processor, respectively.

[0063] Secondly, the voltage regulator module includes a fourth processor, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a twentieth capacitor C20, a twenty-first capacitor, a twenty-second capacitor C22, and a twenty-third capacitor C23.

[0064] The two ends of the parallel connection of the nineteenth capacitor C19 and the twentieth capacitor C20 are respectively connected to the fourth processor.

[0065] One end of the parallel connection of the twenty-first capacitor, the twenty-second capacitor C22, and the twenty-third capacitor C23 is connected to the fourth processor.

[0066] The third processor uses an MP2459GJ signal converter, and the fourth processor uses an SPX5205M5LDO. The system incorporates an MP2459GJ synchronous buck converter on the 24V input side to efficiently reduce the voltage to 5V, powering modules such as the digital isolator and analog switches. Subsequently, the SPX5205M5 LDO is used to regulate the 5V to 3.3V to meet the operating voltage requirements of the MCU, ADC, and sensors. A partial schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment of this utility model, the thermal module includes a fifth processor and a twenty-fourth capacitor C24, with the twenty-fourth capacitor C24 connected to the fifth processor.

[0068] Regarding temperature measurement settings, the fifth processor is a TMUX1308. Since the BQ79616 chip only has 6 I / O ports, a multiplexer is used to expand and monitor multiple thermistors in turn. Two TMUX1308 devices are used to multiplex 16 negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors to one BQ79616. The BQ79616 uses three GPIOs to address the 8 NTC thermistor channels of the TMUX1308 and two GPIOs (GPIO1 and GPIO2) to read the common output pin from the two TMUX1308 devices. This means that 5 GPIOs can switch 16 NTC thermistors. If more thermistors are needed, 6 GPIOs can switch 24 NTC thermistors, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0069] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery testing system, characterized in that, It includes several battery measurement units, each of which is used to measure several battery cells; The battery measurement unit includes a battery management module, a power transistor, a read-only memory (ROM), and an NTC thermistor module. The ROM and the NTC thermistor module are connected to the battery management module. The battery management modules are connected to each other via a communication module. The power transistor and the battery cells are respectively connected to the battery management module. The battery management module is connected to the central processing unit via an asynchronous transceiver.

2. The battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management module includes a first processor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, and an eleventh capacitor, as well as a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor. The first capacitor, the third capacitor, the sixth capacitor, the ninth capacitor, and the third resistor are respectively connected to the first processor; The second capacitor is connected to the first resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first processor; One end of the second resistor, the fourth capacitor, and the tenth capacitor is connected to the same end of the first processor, and the other end is connected to the fifth capacitor. The other end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the first processor. The eleventh capacitor is connected to the seventh capacitor, the eighth capacitor, and the first processor, and the other end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the other end of the eighth capacitor.

3. The battery testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication module includes a second processor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a twelfth capacitor, and a thirteenth capacitor; One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the twelfth capacitor, the second processor, and the sixth resistor, respectively. The other end of the twelfth capacitor is connected to the fifth resistor and the second processor; The other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second processor; The thirteenth capacitor is connected to the second processor.

4. The battery testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a power module, which provides a stable voltage to the battery measurement unit. The power module includes a step-down module and a voltage regulator module.

5. The battery testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module, wherein the step-down module includes a third processor, a first inductor, a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, a seventeenth capacitor, an eighteenth capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor; The two ends of the fourteenth capacitor are respectively connected to the first inductor and the fifteenth capacitor, and the other ends of the fifteenth capacitor and the first inductor are simultaneously connected to one end of the third processor. One end of the sixteenth capacitor, seventeenth capacitor, eighteenth capacitor, second diode, and tenth resistor are simultaneously connected to one end of the eighth resistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected to the third processor and the first diode, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the ninth resistor and the third processor respectively. One end of the seventh resistor is connected to the sixteenth capacitor, and the other end is connected to the second diode and the third processor, respectively.

6. The battery testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module, wherein the voltage regulator module includes a fourth processor, a nineteenth capacitor, a twentieth capacitor, a twenty-first capacitor, a twenty-second capacitor, and a twenty-third capacitor; The two ends of the parallel connection of the nineteenth and twentieth capacitors are respectively connected to the fourth processor. One end of the parallel connection of the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd capacitors is connected to the fourth processor.

7. A battery testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a power module, and the thermal module includes a fifth processor and a twenty-fourth capacitor, with the twenty-fourth capacitor connected to the fifth processor.

8. The battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery measurement unit is provided in 4 groups.

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