Multi-coal adjustable coal dust cyclone burner
By designing a multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner, and optimizing combustion conditions using adjustable blades and a secondary air cyclone, the stability and efficiency issues of the burner under multi-coal use are solved. This achieves high efficiency adaptability and stable combustion for different coal qualities, and improves the economy and flexibility of thermal power generation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANTOU HUADIAN POWER GENERATION CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing burner technologies suffer from poor combustion stability, low combustion efficiency, and increased pollutant emissions when faced with scenarios involving the use of multiple coal types or frequent changes in coal characteristics. This makes it difficult to achieve an efficient and stable combustion process, thus limiting the economics and flexibility of thermal power generation.
A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner is designed. By installing adjusting blades in the primary air-coal channel, the blade angle can be adjusted according to different coal qualities to achieve the conversion of primary air into direct current or cyclone jet. Combined with internal and external secondary air cyclones, the combustion conditions are optimized to ensure that both high-volatile high-quality coal and low-volatile low-quality coal can be burned efficiently and stably.
It achieves high adaptability to different coal types, improves the stable combustion performance and combustion efficiency of the burner, and ensures efficient and stable combustion from high-quality coal to low-quality coal. In particular, it enhances flame stability under low-load operation of low-quality coal, thereby improving the economy and practicality of the boiler system.
Smart Images
Figure CN224397793U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of burner technology, specifically relating to a multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal swirl burner. Background Technology
[0002] In the current energy structure, thermal power generation occupies an extremely important position as a key means of ensuring stable energy supply and deep peak shaving. The large-scale consumption of coal by thermal power generation keeps coal demand consistently high. my country has abundant and widely distributed coal resources, encompassing a variety of types from lignite to anthracite. However, in recent years, coal prices have fluctuated significantly, with substantial price differences between different coal types. To achieve economic feasibility for thermal power generation, the use of a single coal type often fails to meet actual demand, leading to the common practice of using a mixture of multiple coal types or frequently varying coal characteristics. Different coal types exhibit significant differences in volatile matter, moisture, ash content, and calorific value, which directly affect the coal combustion process, such as ignition temperature, combustion rate, and degree of burnout.
[0003] Existing burner technologies mainly include direct-flow burners and swirl burners, most of which are designed and optimized for single coal types. This single-coal-type burner design suffers from significant limitations in adaptability when facing real-world power generation scenarios involving mixed coal use or frequent changes in coal characteristics. Specifically, this manifests as poor combustion stability, low combustion efficiency, and increased pollutant emissions, making it difficult to achieve a highly efficient and stable combustion process, thus limiting the economics and flexibility of thermal power generation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner, which has good coal type adaptability and can flexibly and precisely optimize combustion conditions according to the characteristics of different volatile coal types, ensuring efficient and stable combustion from high-volatile high-quality coal to low-volatile inferior coal.
[0005] The embodiments of this utility model are achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal swirl burner includes a primary air-coal channel, an inner secondary air channel, an outer secondary air channel, and a burner swirl inlet. The burner swirl inlet is fixed to the outer secondary air channel. The primary air-coal channel is equipped with a primary air swirl regulating device, which includes a drive device and several regulating blades installed in the primary air-coal channel. One drive device is matched with one regulating blade. The regulating blades are evenly distributed circumferentially along the primary air-coal channel and installed radially. The regulating blades are rotatably connected to the primary air-coal channel, and the drive device controls the rotation and start / stop of the regulating blades.
[0007] In one embodiment of this utility model, the rotation angle of the adjusting blade is 0-35°, and when the rotation angle of the adjusting blade is 0°, the adjusting blade is parallel to the airflow direction.
[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting blade is provided with a rotating shaft, which is connected to the primary air-powder channel through a bearing, and the rotating shaft extends through the outside of the primary air-powder channel and is connected to the driving device.
[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving device is provided with a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate.
[0010] In one embodiment of this utility model, a coal powder thickener block is provided in the primary air-coal channel.
[0011] In one embodiment of this utility model, an internal secondary air cyclone separator is provided inside the internal secondary air duct.
[0012] In one embodiment of this utility model, an external secondary air cyclone separator is provided in the external secondary air duct.
[0013] In one embodiment of this utility model, let the diameter of the primary air channel be D, and the axial distance between the primary air swirl regulating device and the coal powder thickener be L1, then L1 = (1 / 3 - 1 / 2)D.
[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, let the length of the coal powder thickener block along the airflow direction be L2, then L2 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D.
[0015] In one embodiment of this utility model, let L3 be the distance from the end of the pulverized coal thickener block to the burner nozzle, then L3 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D; let S1 be the flow area of the pulverized coal thickener block and S2 be the flow area of the burner nozzle, then S1 = (0.7 - 0.8)S2.
[0016] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0017] This invention installs adjusting blades within the primary air-coal channel. The blade angle is adjusted according to different coal qualities. When using high-quality coal, the blade rotation angle is set to 0°, resulting in a direct-flow primary air jet through the swirl adjustment device. This direct-flow primary air-coal jet possesses high rigidity and long range, ensuring rapid mixing and ignition of the coal powder at the start of combustion, effectively reducing energy loss and significantly improving combustion efficiency. When using low-quality coal, the blade rotation angle is set to 25°-35°, transforming the primary air generated by the swirl adjustment device into a swirling jet. This swirling jet greatly enhances the mixing of coal powder and oxygen, maintains high turbulence in the high-temperature oxygen-containing recirculation zone, and has a longer residence time, thus significantly improving combustion stability and burnout rate. This invention allows for flexible adjustment of the blade angle of the primary air swirl adjustment device, achieving high adaptability to different coal qualities and greatly improving the burner's stable combustion performance and combustion efficiency. It has good adaptability to different types of coal and can flexibly and precisely optimize combustion conditions according to the characteristics of different volatile coals, ensuring efficient and stable combustion from high-volatile high-quality coal to low-volatile low-quality coal. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the use of high-quality coal combustion in this invention, with the rotation angle of the blades adjusted to 0°.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention when using low-quality coal for combustion and adjusting the rotation angle of the blades to 25°-35°.
[0022] Icons: 1-Primary air-coal duct, 21-Adjusting blade, 22-Drive motor, 4-Coal powder thickener block, 5-Inner secondary air duct, 6-Inner secondary air cyclone separator, 7-Outer secondary air duct, 8-Outer secondary air cyclone separator, 9-Burner swirl. Detailed Implementation
[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that if terms such as "inner" or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed during use, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "configure," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0028] A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal swirl burner includes a primary air-coal channel 1, an inner secondary air channel 5, an outer secondary air channel 7, and a burner swirl inlet 9. The burner swirl inlet 9 is fixed to the outer secondary air channel 7. The primary air-coal channel 1 is provided with a primary air swirl adjustment device, which includes a drive device and several adjustment blades 21 installed in the primary air-coal channel. One drive device is matched with one adjustment blade 21. The adjustment blades 21 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the primary air-coal channel 1 and installed radially. The adjustment blades 21 are rotatably connected to the primary air-coal channel 1, and the drive device controls the rotation and start / stop of the adjustment blades 21.
[0029] The following embodiments are further elaborated based on the above solutions. Example
[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner, which includes a primary air-pulverized coal channel 1, an inner secondary air channel 5, an outer secondary air channel 7, and a burner cyclone inlet 9. The burner cyclone inlet 9 is fixed to the outer secondary air channel 7. The three air channels and the burner cyclone inlet 9 of the pulverized coal cyclone burner are all existing technologies.
[0031] In this embodiment, the primary air-powder channel 1 is equipped with a primary air swirl regulating device. This device includes a drive unit and several regulating blades 21 installed within the primary air-powder channel. One drive unit is matched with one regulating blade 21. The drive unit is a drive motor 22. Each regulating blade 21 has a rotating shaft, which is connected to the primary air-powder channel 1 via bearings. The regulating blades 21 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the primary air-powder channel 1 and installed radially. The rotating shaft extends to the outside of the primary air-powder channel 1 and is connected to the drive motor 22. The drive motor 22 is connected to the rotating shaft via gear transmission or a coupling. The drive motor 22 is equipped with a controller, such as a PLC, which controls the drive motor 22, thereby controlling the rotation and start / stop of the regulating blades 21. It should be noted that a sealing ring or other sealing structure needs to be added at the connection between the rotating shaft and the primary air-powder channel 1 to prevent air leakage.
[0032] In this embodiment, the rotation angle of the adjusting blade 21 is 0-35°, and when high-quality coal is used for combustion, the rotation angle of the adjusting blade 21 is 0°. The adjusting blade 21 is parallel to the airflow direction. Figure 2 As shown, the primary air through the primary air swirl regulating device is in the form of a direct current jet. This direct current primary air jet has high rigidity and long range characteristics, ensuring that the pulverized coal mixes and ignites rapidly at the start of combustion, effectively reducing energy loss and significantly improving combustion efficiency. When using low-quality coal, the blade rotation angle is set to 25°-35°. Figure 3As shown, the primary air generated by the primary air swirl regulating device is transformed into a swirling jet. This swirling jet can greatly enhance the mixing effect of pulverized coal and oxygen, and can maintain high turbulence in the oxygen-containing high-temperature reflux zone, and has a long residence time, thereby significantly improving combustion stability and burnout rate.
[0033] It should be noted that the adjusting blades 21 are preferably 4-6 pieces, and are made of wear-resistant materials such as cast steel or SiC, which can avoid wear problems in terms of structure.
[0034] In this embodiment, a coal powder thickener 4 is provided in the primary air-coal channel. The adjusted primary air-coal flow passes through the coal powder thickener 4, which can increase the coal gas flow concentration at the center of the flame.
[0035] In this embodiment, an inner secondary air cyclone separator 6 is installed in the inner secondary air channel 5, and an outer secondary air cyclone separator 8 is installed in the outer secondary air channel 7. The inner secondary air flows into the inner secondary air channel 5, where the inner secondary air cyclone separator 6 is located. The outer secondary air enters the outer secondary air channel 7 and, after being regulated by the outer secondary air cyclone separator 8, forms a higher swirling intensity, enhancing the mixing effect with the inner secondary air and primary air-coal airflow, thus optimizing the overall combustion dynamic field. Under the combined action of the primary air and the swirling intensities of the inner and outer secondary air, a recirculation zone is formed near the burner inlet 9. This recirculation zone guides the high-temperature flue gas in the furnace to flow back in the opposite direction, thereby creating an oxygen-containing high-temperature recirculation zone composed of secondary air and high-temperature flue gas. It should be noted that both the inner secondary air cyclone separator 6 and the outer secondary air cyclone separator 8 are axial flow cyclones used in the prior art.
[0036] In this embodiment, let the diameter of the primary air channel 1 be D, and the axial distance between the primary air swirl regulating device and the pulverized coal thickener 4 be L1, then L1 = (1 / 3 - 1 / 2)D. In one embodiment of this utility model, let the length of the pulverized coal thickener 4 along the airflow direction be L2, then L2 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D. Let the distance from the end of the pulverized coal thickener 4 to the burner nozzle be L3, then L3 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D; let the flow area of the pulverized coal thickener 4 be S1, and the flow area of the burner nozzle be S2, then S1 = (0.7 - 0.8)S2. These dimensions ensure stable and efficient combustion of the pulverized coal after it is fed into the furnace.
[0037] This invention installs an adjusting blade 21 in the primary air-coal channel. The angle of the blade 21 is adjusted according to different coal qualities. When high-quality coal is used for combustion, such as when the coal powder is lignite or bituminous coal with high volatile matter, the blade rotation angle is adjusted to 0°. The primary air-coal airflow generated by the primary air swirl regulating device gathers the coal powder through the coal powder thickening block 4, further increasing the concentration of the primary air-coal airflow at the flame center. Ultimately, the primary air-coal airflow becomes a direct jet. This direct primary air-coal jet has high rigidity and long range characteristics, which can ensure that the coal powder mixes and ignites rapidly at the beginning of combustion, effectively reducing energy loss, significantly improving combustion efficiency, and avoiding coking problems caused by premature combustion of coal powder.
[0038] When using low-quality coal for combustion, such as lean coal and anthracite, which are low-volatile coals, the rotation angle of the blades is set to 25°-35°. The primary air-coal airflow generated by the primary air swirl regulating device gathers the coal powder in the coal powder thickener block 4, increasing the coal gas concentration in the center of the flame. Ultimately, the primary air-coal airflow becomes a swirling jet. This swirling jet can greatly enhance the mixing effect of coal powder and oxygen, and can maintain high turbulence in the oxygen-containing high-temperature recirculation zone, and has a long residence time, thereby significantly improving combustion stability and burnout rate.
[0039] This invention allows for flexible adjustment of the blade angle of the primary air swirl regulating device, achieving high efficiency adaptability to different coal qualities and greatly improving the burner's stable combustion performance and combustion efficiency. Especially for low-load operation scenarios with low-quality coal, it effectively enhances flame stability, achieving reliable and stable combustion under low loads, thereby significantly improving the economy and practicality of the boiler system and providing a solid guarantee for energy conservation, emission reduction, and stable economic operation in the field of coal-fired power generation.
[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner, comprising a primary air-coal channel, an inner secondary air channel, an outer secondary air channel, and a burner cyclone inlet, wherein an inner secondary air cyclone is provided in the inner secondary air channel, an outer secondary air cyclone is provided in the outer secondary air channel, the burner cyclone inlet is fixed to the outer secondary air channel, and pulverized coal thickener blocks are provided in the primary air-coal channel, characterized in that... The primary air-coal duct is equipped with a primary air swirl regulating device. Let the diameter of the primary air duct be D, and the axial distance L1 between the primary air swirl regulating device and the coal powder thickener be L1, then L1 = (1 / 3 - 1 / 2)D. The primary air swirl regulating device includes a drive device and several regulating blades installed in the primary air-coal duct. One drive device is matched with one regulating blade. The regulating blades are evenly distributed circumferentially along the primary air-coal duct and installed radially. The regulating blades are rotatably connected to the primary air-coal duct, and the drive device controls the rotation and start / stop of the regulating blades.
2. The adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner for multiple coal types according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation angle of the regulating blade is 0-35°, and when the rotation angle of the regulating blade is 0°, the regulating blade is parallel to the airflow direction.
3. The adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner for multiple coal types according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting blade is provided with a rotating shaft, which is connected to the primary air-powder channel through a bearing, and the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the primary air-powder channel and is connected to the driving device.
4. The adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner for multiple coal types according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive device is equipped with a motor that drives the rotating shaft to rotate.
5. A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, Let L2 be the length of the coal powder concentrate block along the airflow direction, then L2 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D.
6. A multi-coal type adjustable pulverized coal cyclone burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, it is equipped with... The distance L3 from the end of the pulverized coal thickener block to the burner nozzle is L3, then L3 = (1 / 4 - 1 / 3)D; let the flow area of the pulverized coal thickener block be S1, and the flow area of the burner nozzle be S2, then S1 = (0.7 - 0.8)S2.