A high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter
By designing a high-power, compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter, phase control is achieved using a motor-driven telescopic rod and transmission slider. Combined with a sealing and choke structure, the problems of large size and high transmission loss of mechanical waveguide phase shifters are solved, achieving a balance between high power and low loss. This design is suitable for high-power microwave transmission and phased array applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGSHA AEROSPACE HUACHENG TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure CN224418009U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of high-power microwave transmission technology, specifically to a high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter. Background Technology
[0002] Waveguide phase shifters, as key passive components in microwave systems, are used to precisely control the phase of electromagnetic waves, enabling functions such as beam scanning, signal synthesis, and impedance matching. In high-power applications, there are stringent requirements for the power capacity, phase adjustment accuracy, stability, and physical dimensions of phase shifters. Currently, the main technical approaches to waveguide phase shifting include ferrite phase shifters, semiconductor PIN diode phase shifters, and mechanical waveguide phase shifters. Mechanical waveguide phase shifters, as a critical component in high-power microwave systems, offer significantly higher power capacity compared to electrically controlled ferrite and semiconductor phase shifters commonly used in microwave communication and radar systems. Because they consist solely of a mechanical structure, they do not suffer from material-related power capacity limitations, resulting in high power capacity. Optimized mechanical waveguide phase shifters can achieve power capacities ranging from tens to hundreds of megawatts, making them particularly suitable for high-power microwave transmission and launch applications.
[0003] Traditional mechanical waveguide phase shifters alter the propagation constant of electromagnetic waves by changing the relative positions of mechanical structures within the waveguide, thereby achieving phase adjustment. Their design philosophy is based on physical changes to the waveguide's propagation characteristics, including path length adjustment, waveguide size variation, and dielectric sheet insertion. Their development can be traced back to the mid-20th century, with an early mechanical phase shifter proposed by FOX AG in 1947 [FOX AG An adjustable wave guide phase changer[J]. Proceedings of the IRE, 1947, 35(12): 1489-1498]. This shifter changed the output phase of microwaves by rotating the dielectric sheet within the circular waveguide. Early mechanical phase shifters primarily used manual adjustment, employing mechanical devices such as screws to change the position of pistons or dielectric sheets within the waveguide to achieve limited phase changes. While this design was simple, it suffered from low accuracy and slow response, making it difficult to meet the real-time phase control requirements of modern communication systems. Mechanical waveguide phase shifters were gradually replaced by electrically controlled phase shifters. In the 21st century, with the development of high-speed motors, stepper motors and servo systems have been introduced into the design of mechanical phase shifters, enabling them to achieve digital control and rapidly improving accuracy and response speed. Their excellent performance, especially in high-power systems, has brought mechanical phase shifters back into the public eye. The National University of Defense Technology, et al. [YM Yang, CW Yuan, BL Qian. A novel phaseshifter for Ku-band high-power microwave applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2014, 42(1): 51-54] designed a wide-side adjustable waveguide phase shifter for the Ku band. Phase control is achieved by adjusting the wide-side dimension of the waveguide structure using a stepper motor to change the electromagnetic field propagation constant. This phase shifter achieves a transmission efficiency of over 96% at 15.2 GHz and a power capacity of 112.9 MW. However, the linearity of the phase shift curve is low, and its volume is relatively large relative to the electrical length of the Ku band.Yu Longzhou, National University of Defense Technology, [Research on Novel High-Power Microwave Scanning Array Antenna [D]. National University of Defense Technology, 2019] combined a 3dB bridge with a ridge waveguide circular polarizer to form a rotating phase shifter based on the principle of linear-circular polarization conversion. This phase shifter can convert the TE11 linear polarization mode to the TE11 right-hand circular polarization mode. The end baffle of the circular polarization reflector can convert the incident right-hand circular polarization wave into a left-hand circular polarization wave and reflect it. By synchronously rotating the circular polarization reflector by the same angle, the generated phase difference can be extracted to the output port. The reflected wave is finally output from the other port of the 3dB bridge. This phase shifter can achieve a power capacity of 104MW in the 8~8.8GHz range and has a transmission efficiency of over 98%. Sun Yunfei of the National University of Defense Technology [National University of Defense Technology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. High-power microwave stepped insert waveguide phase shifter: CN202211028268.7 [P]. 2022-11-08] made improvements based on this, using a stepped insert circular polarizer to replace the ridge waveguide, forming a more compact phase shifter. By adjusting the size of the stepped insert, the even-mode excited TE10 mode and the odd-mode excited TE01 mode can be phased by π / 2 to form a circularly polarized wave. The synchronous rotation of the circularly polarized reflector causes the phase shifter to produce a phase-shifted output. The transmission efficiency of the phase shifter can be higher than 98% in the frequency range of 8.2~8.6GHz, and the power capacity reaches 52MW.
[0004] The above-mentioned linear-circular polarization conversion-based structures can achieve low phase shift sensitivity and precise and fast phase shift control, but they generally require high processing precision and have relatively complex structures, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of high-power microwave systems. Li Xin et al. from Southwest Jiaotong University [Li Xin, Wang Bangji, Liu Qingxiang, A Rotating High-Power Mechanical Phase Shifter Based on a Fan-Shaped Waveguide] designed a fan-shaped waveguide phase shifter to achieve miniaturization of high-power phased array systems. Phase adjustment is achieved by adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating shaft. The microwave transmission, mechanical movement, and motor drive modules are integrated into a cylindrical cavity, resulting in a more compact structure and improved space utilization. However, the motor is integrated inside the waveguide, and sealing is not considered, making it difficult to increase power capacity.
[0005] Although mechanical waveguide phase shifters have achieved mature technology after years of research, they still face challenges in balancing size, weight, power capacity, and insertion loss. Mechanical adjustment requires sufficient space to accommodate moving parts and drive motors, especially for path length-adjustable phase shifters. In low-frequency applications, sufficiently long waveguide sections are needed to achieve 360° phase changes, further increasing the size of the phase shifter. This problem is particularly prominent in scenarios such as phased arrays where multiple phase shifters are used in parallel. Furthermore, while traditional mechanical waveguide phase shifters can theoretically handle high power, the introduction of mechanical structures such as shafts and sliders for phase adjustment often leads to impedance discontinuities and field distribution disturbances, increasing insertion loss. Especially for dielectric-inserted phase shifters, the introduction of dielectric material significantly increases losses and can easily cause dielectric breakdown at high power. Therefore, it is difficult for mechanical waveguide phase shifters to achieve a balance between high power and low loss. In addition, achieving high power capacity requires maintaining a vacuum or inert gas environment inside the phase shifter to increase the electric field breakdown threshold, but the complex mechanical mechanisms also make the design of the sealing structure difficult. High-power microwave waveguide phase shifters with simple and compact structure, high power capacity, and low loss have become an urgent problem to be solved in current high-power microwave transmission and phased array applications. Utility Model Content
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of mechanical waveguide phase shifters, such as large size and complex mechanical transmission structure leading to increased transmission loss and reduced power capacity. Based on the principle of adjustable 3dB bridge, a high-power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter with simple and compact structure, high power capacity, fast and accurate adjustment, and system integration friendliness is formed.
[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0008] A high-power, compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter includes: a 3dB bridge waveguide cavity, a short-circuit piston, a transmission slider, a telescopic rod, a mechanical drive cavity, a motor module, and a cover plate. The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity is used to adjust the phase of the input signal and output it to the back-end radiation system. The cover plate is sealed on the top of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity. The mechanical drive cavity and the motor module are both mounted on the cover plate, and the mechanical drive cavity is sealed to the cover plate. The mechanical drive cavity contains a transmission slider and a telescopic rod. One end of the telescopic rod is sealed through the side wall of the mechanical drive cavity and connected to the output end of the motor module. The other end of the telescopic rod is connected to the transmission slider. The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity contains a short-circuit piston. The top of the short-circuit piston passes through the cover plate and the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity in sequence and is connected to the transmission slider. Driven by the motor module, the telescopic rod and the transmission slider drive the short-circuit piston to reciprocate within the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity to change the path of the reflected guided wave and achieve phase control.
[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity is composed of an input cavity, a coupling cavity, a through cavity, an isolation cavity, and a central coupling region. The input cavity and the isolation cavity are located on one side of the central coupling region, and a first partition is provided between the input cavity and the isolation cavity. The coupling cavity and the through cavity are located on the other side of the central coupling region, and a second partition is provided between the coupling cavity and the through cavity. The short-circuit piston is located in the coupling cavity and the through cavity.
[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the short-circuit piston includes a first short-circuit slider and a second short-circuit slider with the same structure. The first short-circuit slider is located in the coupling cavity, and the second short-circuit slider is located in the through cavity, so as to jointly form a short-circuit reflective surface.
[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, both the first short-circuit slider and the second short-circuit slider are flat plate structures.
[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, both the first short-circuit slider and the second short-circuit slider are equipped with a choke structure on the basis of the flat plate structure. Both the first short-circuit slider and the second short-circuit slider include a short-circuit surface, a choke groove, a choke cavity, and a transmission connection flange. The choke groove and the choke cavity are in the shape of a "mountain" and together form the choke structure. The transmission connection flange is used to connect the transmission slider.
[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, there are gaps between the first short-circuit slider and the coupling cavity, and between the second short-circuit slider and the through cavity.
[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, stepped impedance matching sections are provided on both sides of the central coupling area to adjust the input impedance of the bridge phase shifter and achieve impedance matching.
[0015] As a further improvement of this utility model, both the input cavity and the isolation cavity are provided with ramps to facilitate the turning transition of the guided wave at the input and output ends within the waveguide.
[0016] As a further improvement of this utility model, the side wall of the mechanical drive cavity is provided with a circular hole, the telescopic rod extends into the mechanical drive cavity through the circular hole, and is connected to the transmission slider through the positioning block, and a sealing element is provided at the circular hole.
[0017] As a further improvement of this utility model, the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity is provided with a groove, the direction of which is parallel to the current line on the inner wall surface of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity, and the top of the short-circuit piston passes through the cover plate and the groove in sequence, and is connected to the transmission slider.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:
[0019] This invention relates to a high-power, compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter. A sealed cover plate is installed at the top of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity, sealingly connecting the mechanical drive cavity to the cover plate. A transmission slider and a telescopic rod are located within the mechanical drive cavity. The telescopic rod, sealed through the side wall of the mechanical drive cavity, is connected to a motor module. A short-circuit piston, located within the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity, passes through the cover plate and the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity before connecting to the transmission slider. The motor module drives the telescopic rod to move, causing the transmission slider to move the short-circuit piston reciprocally within the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity, thereby changing the path of the reflected guided wave and achieving phase control.
[0020] This invention's mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter overcomes the shortcomings of traditional mechanical waveguide phase shifters, such as large size and weight, complex transmission structure affecting power capacity and transmission loss. It also boasts advantages such as simple and compact structure, high power capacity, fast and precise adjustment, and user-friendly system integration. In the provided application examples, the phase shifter can achieve 360° phase shift within a short-circuit slider displacement range of 0–45 mm, with a phase shift sensitivity of 8° / mm and a phase response time of no more than 150 ms at a motor speed of 600 r / min. In terms of electrical performance, the reflection coefficient is no greater than -15 dB in the operating frequency band of 4.05–4.25 GHz, and the transmission efficiency is no less than 97%. Calculated with a vacuum breakdown field strength of 50 MV / m, the power capacity of the phase shifter can reach 87 MW, and after adding a choke structure to the short-circuit piston, the power capacity can reach 377 MW. These achieved technical indicators make the high-power microwave phase shifter proposed in this invention a promising candidate for applications in high-power microwave transmission and emission, high-power phased arrays, and other fields. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mechanical drive cavity in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0026] Figure 6This is a simulation curve of the S11 reflection coefficient versus frequency of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0027] Figure 7 This is a simulation curve of the S21 transmission coefficient versus frequency of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 8 This is a bar graph showing the relationship between the phase response of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter and the slider displacement in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model.
[0029] Figure 9 This is a simulated field strength distribution diagram of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the first short-circuit slider in specific embodiment 2 of this utility model;
[0031] Figure 11 This is a simulation field strength distribution diagram of the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter in specific embodiment 2 of this utility model;
[0032] Legend: 1. 3dB bridge waveguide cavity; 11. Flange interface; 111. Input flange; 112. Output flange; 12. Input cavity; 13. Coupling cavity; 14. Straight-through cavity; 15. Isolation cavity; 16. Central coupling area; 17. Stepped impedance matching section; 181. First partition; 182. Second partition; 19. Ramp; 2. Short-circuit piston; 21. First short-circuit slider; 22. Second short-circuit slider; 211. Short-circuit surface; 212. Choke groove; 213. Choke cavity; 214. Transmission connection flange; 3. Transmission slider; 4. Telescopic rod; 5. Mechanical drive cavity; 51. Circular hole; 52. Groove; 53. Positioning block; 6. Motor module; 7. Cover plate. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0034] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "side", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0036] It should be noted that TE is the abbreviation for transverse electric wave. The electric field of a TE wave is zero along the transmission line axis. The suffix numbers mn, such as TEmn, refer to the m-th root of the m-th order Bessel function that equals zero in solving the transmission wave equation. m and n can take various values. Modes other than the fundamental mode are called higher-order modes. The fundamental mode of a rectangular waveguide is TE10.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] like Figure 1 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, this utility model discloses a high-power, compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter with an all-metal structure. It achieves high-precision phase control through a stretching reciprocating mechanical motion. The device includes: a 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1, a short-circuit piston 2, a transmission slider 3, a telescopic rod 4, a mechanical drive cavity 5, a motor module 6, and a cover plate 7. The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 is used to adjust the phase of the input signal before outputting it to the back-end radiation system. The cover plate 7 is sealed at the top of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 via a flange. The mechanical drive cavity 5 and the motor module 6 are both mounted on the cover plate 7, and are connected to the cover plate 7 via a flange seal. The mechanical drive cavity 5 contains the transmission slider 3 and the telescopic rod 4. One end of the telescopic rod 4 is sealed through the side wall of the mechanical drive cavity 5 and connected to the output end of the motor module 6. The other end of the telescopic rod 4 is connected to the transmission slider 3. The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 contains the short-circuit piston 2, the top of which passes through the cover plate 7 and the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity 5, and is connected to the transmission slider 3. Driven by the motor module 6, the telescopic rod 4 and the transmission slider 3 drive the short-circuit piston 2 to reciprocate in the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 to change the path of the reflected guided wave and achieve phase control.
[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in the mechanical drive cavity 5, the end of the telescopic rod 4 is provided with a positioning boss. The transmission slider 3 and the telescopic rod 4 are connected by the positioning block 53 and the positioning screw. The structure is simple and the connection is reliable.
[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 consists of an input cavity 12, a coupling cavity 13, a through cavity 14, an isolation cavity 15, and a central coupling region 16. The input cavity 12 and the isolation cavity 15 are located on one side of the central coupling region 16, and a first partition 181 is provided between them. The coupling cavity 13 and the through cavity 14 are located on the other side of the central coupling region 16, and a second partition 182 is provided between them. Together, they form a narrow-side gap bridge for the waveguide. The central coupling region 16 is formed through the gap on the common narrow side. The coupled signal is reflected and then output with phase adjustment at the output end of the waveguide bridge. The short-circuit piston 2 is located inside the coupling cavity 13 and the through cavity 14. Furthermore, the second partition 182 is made of metal.
[0041] In this embodiment, the input and output terminals of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1 are connected to the outside via input flange 111 and output flange 112. Both input flange 111 and output flange 112 are standard waveguide flanges, facilitating system integration, and the flanges have sealing ring slots. The waveguide transmission master mode is TE. 10 The microwave, after being injected from the port, forms a TE after passing through the central coupling region 16. 10 and TE 20 The superimposed field of the modes, after being reflected by the short-circuited piston 2, achieves a phase-adjustable TE at the output port.10 Analog signal output.
[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the short-circuit piston 2 includes a first short-circuit slider 21 and a second short-circuit slider 22 with a flat plate structure. The first short-circuit slider 21 is located in the coupling cavity 13, and the second short-circuit slider 22 is located in the through cavity 14, so as to jointly form a short-circuit reflective surface.
[0043] Furthermore, there are gaps between the first short-circuit slider 21 and the coupling cavity 13, and between the second short-circuit slider 22 and the through cavity 14, to avoid frictional losses caused by mechanical transmission.
[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, stepped impedance matching sections 17 are provided on both sides of the central coupling region 16 to adjust the input impedance of the bridge phase shifter and achieve impedance matching.
[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, both the input cavity 12 and the isolation cavity 15 are provided with a 45° ramp 19 to facilitate the transition of the guided wave at the input and output ends of the waveguide and suppress the parasitic effect caused by impedance abrupt change.
[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the mechanical drive cavity 5 has a circular hole 51 on its side wall. The telescopic rod 4 extends into the mechanical drive cavity 5 through the circular hole 51, and a sealing element is provided at the circular hole 51.
[0047] In this embodiment, sealing rings are provided at the connecting flange of the cover plate 7, the bottom flange of the mechanical drive cavity 5, and the circular hole 51, so that the inside of the cavity is in a sealed state. By evacuating or filling with inert gas such as SF6, the field breakdown threshold can be increased, thereby improving the power capacity of the device.
[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity 5 is provided with a groove 52. The groove 52 is oriented parallel to the current lines on the inner wall surface of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1, which minimizes transmission loss caused by radiation from current excitation at the gap. The top of the short-circuit piston 2 passes through the cover plate 7 and the groove 52 in sequence and is connected to the transmission slider 3. The groove 52 can guide and limit the displacement of the short-circuit piston 2.
[0049] Furthermore, a slide rail and a slider can be installed within the groove 52, with the slider connecting the short-circuit piston 2 and the transmission slider 3 respectively. This allows the telescopic rod 4 and the transmission slider 3 to drive the short-circuit piston 2 to reciprocate within the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity 1.
[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, the phase shifter in this embodiment has a TE10 mode return loss better than 15dB in the 4.05 to 4.25 GHz operating frequency band.
[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, the phase shifter in this embodiment has an insertion loss of better than 0.12dB in TE10 mode within the operating frequency band of 4.05 to 4.25 GHz, and the corresponding transmission efficiency is not less than 97%, which has good transmission performance.
[0052] like Figure 8 As shown, the phase shifter in this embodiment can achieve 360° phase adjustment within a short-circuit slider displacement range of 0 to 45 mm. When combined with a high-speed motor, it can achieve rapid phase adjustment with a phase shift period of no more than 150 ms.
[0053] like Figure 9 As shown, the maximum electric field strength inside the phase shifter in this embodiment is 3799V / m. When calculated using a vacuum breakdown threshold of 50MV / m and an output power of 0.5W, the power capacity of the phase shifter is 87MW.
[0054] Example 2
[0055] like Figure 10 As shown, the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter of this embodiment has a similar structural configuration and working principle to the high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter of Embodiment 1. The main difference is that both the first short-circuit slider 21 and the second short-circuit slider 22 have added a choke structure to the flat plate structure. Specifically, both the first short-circuit slider 21 and the second short-circuit slider 22 include a short-circuit surface 211, a choke groove 212, a choke cavity 213, and a transmission connecting flange 214. The choke groove 212 and the choke cavity 213 have a "mountain" shaped structure and together form the choke structure. The connecting flange 214 is used to connect the transmission structure in the groove 52.
[0056] In this embodiment, a choke structure is added to the short-circuit piston 2 to suppress the resonant electric field generated by the gap, thereby improving the power capacity of the device. This is suitable for scenarios with high power capacity requirements. The choke structure is shaped like a "mountain" with the choke cavity located inside, improving space utilization. The distance from the short-circuit surface 211 to the choke groove 212 and the internal length of the choke cavity 213 are the same, approximately 1 / 4λg (waveguide wavelength).
[0057] like Figure 11 As shown, after the addition of the short-circuit piston 2 with a choke structure, the maximum internal electric field strength of the phase shifter in this embodiment is 1821V / m. When calculated using a vacuum breakdown threshold of 50MV / m and an output power of 0.5W, the power capacity of the phase shifter is 377MW.
[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of this utility model's concept are protected. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of this utility model should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter, characterized by, include: The system comprises a 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1), a short-circuit piston (2), a transmission slider (3), a telescopic rod (4), a mechanical drive cavity (5), a motor module (6), and a cover plate (7). The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1) is used to adjust the phase of the input signal and output it to the back-end radiation system. The cover plate (7) is sealed on the top of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1). The mechanical drive cavity (5) and the motor module (6) are both mounted on the cover plate (7), and the mechanical drive cavity (5) is sealed to the cover plate (7). The mechanical drive cavity (5) is provided with a transmission slider (3) and a telescopic rod (4). One end of the telescopic rod (4) is sealed through the side wall of the mechanical drive cavity (5) and connected to the output end of the motor module (6). The other end of the telescopic rod (4) is connected to the transmission slider (3). The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1) is provided with a short-circuit piston (2). The top of the short-circuit piston (2) passes through the cover plate (7) and the bottom of the mechanical drive cavity (5) in sequence and is connected to the transmission slider (3). Under the drive of the motor module (6), the telescopic rod (4) and the transmission slider (3) drive the short-circuit piston (2) to move back and forth in the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1) to change the path of the reflected guided wave and realize phase control.
2. The high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter of claim 1, wherein, The 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1) consists of an input cavity (12), a coupling cavity (13), a through cavity (14), an isolation cavity (15), and a central coupling region (16). The input cavity (12) and the isolation cavity (15) are located on one side of the central coupling region (16), and a first partition (181) is provided between the input cavity (12) and the isolation cavity (15). The coupling cavity (13) and the through cavity (14) are located on the other side of the central coupling region (16), and a second partition (182) is provided between the coupling cavity (13) and the through cavity (14). The short-circuit piston (2) is located inside the coupling cavity (13) and the through cavity (14).
3. The high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter of claim 2, wherein, The short-circuit piston (2) includes a first short-circuit slider (21) and a second short-circuit slider (22) with the same structure. The first short-circuit slider (21) is located in the coupling cavity (13), and the second short-circuit slider (22) is located in the through cavity (14) to jointly form a short-circuit reflective surface.
4. The high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter of claim 3, wherein, Both the first short-circuit slider (21) and the second short-circuit slider (22) are flat plate structures.
5. The high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter of claim 3, wherein, The first short-circuit slider (21) and the second short-circuit slider (22) are both based on the flat plate structure and have an added choke structure. The first short-circuit slider (21) and the second short-circuit slider (22) both include a short surface (211), a choke groove (212), a choke cavity (213) and a transmission connection flange (214). The choke groove (212) and the choke cavity (213) are in the shape of a "mountain" and together form a choke structure. The transmission connection flange (214) is used to connect the transmission slider (3).
6. The high power compact mechanical waveguide bridge phase shifter of claim 3, wherein, There are gaps between the first short-circuit slider (21) and the coupling cavity (13), and between the second short-circuit slider (22) and the through cavity (14).
7. The high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, Both sides of the central coupling area (16) are provided with stepped impedance matching sections (17) to adjust the input impedance of the bridge phase shifter and achieve impedance matching.
8. The high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, Both the input cavity (12) and the isolation cavity (15) are provided with ramps (19) to facilitate the transition of the guided wave at the input and output ends within the waveguide.
9. The high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The mechanical drive cavity (5) has a circular hole (51) on its side wall. The telescopic rod (4) extends into the mechanical drive cavity (5) through the circular hole (51) and is connected to the transmission slider (3) through the positioning block (53). A sealing element is provided at the circular hole (51).
10. The high-power compact mechanical waveguide phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the mechanical drive cavity (5) is provided with a groove (52). The groove (52) is set in a direction parallel to the current line on the inner wall surface of the 3dB bridge waveguide cavity (1). The top of the short-circuit piston (2) passes through the cover plate (7) and the groove (52) in sequence and is connected to the transmission slider (3).