A controllable and fast response power supply protection circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of power protection, specifically related to a controllable and fast response power supply protection circuit, including power input module for the working circuit power supply, voltage detection module, power input module output end, for detecting power input module output end voltage, current detection module, power input module output end, for detecting power input module output end current, variable resistor, variable resistor between power input module and working circuit, the variable resistor is equipped with slider in, for changing the resistance of variable resistor access circuit, main control module receives voltage detection module and current detection module detection data, adjusts slider according to detection result, thereby changes the resistance of variable resistor access circuit. Compared with traditional circuit protection scheme, the utility model provides technical scheme, integrates overcurrent and overvoltage protection, can intelligently adjust, reduces circuit maintenance time and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power supply protection, specifically to a controllable and fast-responding power supply protection circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, circuit protection solutions can utilize passive protection devices such as TVS diodes and fuses, or active surge suppressors. While TVS diodes effectively suppress very high voltage deviations under overvoltage conditions, they are not immune to damage from sustained overvoltage events, necessitating regular monitoring or replacement. Excessive circuit current causes fuses to blow, protecting the circuit. However, fuses also present maintenance and replacement challenges. Resettable fuses (PTCs), while avoiding maintenance issues, have limited current handling capacity due to their material properties, making them unsuitable for high-current, high-voltage scenarios. Integrated overvoltage and overcurrent protection chips are expensive and have long lead times. Active surge suppressors are used when surge currents rise rapidly, last for very short periods, and are extremely destructive; they cannot protect against millisecond-level surges. Therefore, current solutions still present a complex set of problems, including the need for maintenance, high costs, and long lead times, requiring urgent solutions. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a controllable and fast-responding power supply protection circuit to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. This includes...

[0004] Power input module, used to supply power to the working circuit;

[0005] The voltage detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power input module and is used to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the power input module.

[0006] The current detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power input module and is used to detect the current at the output terminal of the power input module.

[0007] A variable resistor is connected between the power input module and the working circuit. The variable resistor has a slider inside, which is used to change the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit.

[0008] The main control module receives detection data from the voltage detection module and the current detection module, and adjusts the slider according to the detection results, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit.

[0009] The main control module is configured to: when an overvoltage is detected, control the controller to move the slider, thereby reducing the effective length and resistance of the variable spiral wire in the circuit, and cooperating with the TVS tube to discharge the instantaneous overcurrent to ground.

[0010] Furthermore, the voltage detection module is a voltage follower.

[0011] Furthermore, the current detection module includes a current sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier.

[0012] Furthermore, the variable resistor is a variable spiral metal wire with a slider. One end of the variable spiral metal wire is connected to the output terminal of the power input module, and the slider is connected to the input terminal of the working circuit. The slider is connected to a controller, which is controlled by the main control module to move the position of the slider on the variable spiral metal wire.

[0013] Furthermore, the variable spiral metal wire is a spiral that thickens over time.

[0014] Furthermore, the input terminal of the operating circuit is grounded through a TVS diode.

[0015] Furthermore, the main control module uses an STM32 microcontroller chip.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention utilizes a main control chip to collect voltage and current data in the circuit and compares it with set voltage and current values. When a deviation occurs in the current value, a sliding motion controller is used to adjust the effective length of the metal wire circuit, thereby regulating the current flowing through the circuit. When a voltage deviation occurs, the sliding motion controller adjusts the effective length of the metal wire circuit, changing the resistance value by a very small amount, and then releases the deviation by instantaneously connecting the TVS to ground.

[0018] The variable resistor used in this invention is a spiral-shaped metal wire with varying thickness, which can provide a good resistance value and excellent heat dissipation.

[0019] Compared with traditional circuit protection solutions, the technical solution provided by this utility model integrates overcurrent and overvoltage protection, and can intelligently adjust, reducing circuit maintenance time and costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example 1:

[0023] This utility model provides a controllable and fast-response power supply protection circuit, including a power input module for supplying power to the working circuit; a voltage detection module connected to the output terminal of the power input module for detecting the voltage at the output terminal of the power input module; a current detection module connected to the output terminal of the power input module for detecting the current at the output terminal of the power input module; a variable resistor connected between the power input module and the working circuit, the variable resistor having a slider for changing the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit, and the input terminal of the working circuit being grounded through a TVS diode; and a main control module that receives the detection data from the voltage detection module and the current detection module, and adjusts the slider according to the detection results, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit.

[0024] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main control module uses an STM32 microcontroller chip, and the variable resistor is a spiral metal wire with a slider. The variable spiral metal wire has a spiral that thickens over time, which can meet the requirements of good resistance and good heat dissipation. The slider is controlled by a controller. The STM32 microcontroller chip preloads the control program and receives the detection results from the voltage and current detection modules. Based on the detected voltage and current values, the controller is adjusted to change the voltage and current connected to the working circuit.

[0025] In this embodiment, the voltage detection module uses a voltage follower, and the current detection module uses a current sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier. When the circuit is operating normally, it performs normal current and voltage detection, and operates normally under the specified conditions. That is, the microcontroller compares the measured actual circuit current and voltage values ​​with the set current and voltage values; if the values ​​exceed the error range:

[0026] When there is an overcurrent, the main control chip controls the controller to move the slider, thereby adjusting the variable spiral wire, increasing the effective spiral wire length in the circuit, increasing the resistance, and thus adjusting the circuit current to keep it within the range.

[0027] When overvoltage occurs, the main control chip controls the controller to move the slider, thereby adjusting the variable spiral wire. This reduces the effective length of the spiral wire in the circuit, minimizing the resistance to near zero. This allows for faster discharge of the instantaneous overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage to ground after the abnormal voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the TVS transient suppression diode, as the TVS changes from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state. Simultaneously, it clamps the voltage. Compared to traditional fuse circuits, where the fuse resistance increases with heat during overvoltage, hindering the instantaneous overcurrent discharge to ground by the TVS, the circuit solution provided in this embodiment minimizes the effective resistance of the spiral wire through a sliding control circuit, thus better facilitating the instantaneous overcurrent discharge to ground by the TVS and resulting in a faster response.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

Claims

1. A controllable and fast-response power supply protection circuit, characterized in that: include Power input module, used to supply power to the working circuit; The voltage detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power input module and is used to detect the voltage at the output terminal of the power input module. The current detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power input module and is used to detect the current at the output terminal of the power input module. A variable resistor is connected between the power input module and the working circuit. The variable resistor has a slider inside, which is used to change the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit. The main control module receives detection data from the voltage detection module and the current detection module, and adjusts the slider according to the detection results, thereby changing the resistance value of the variable resistor connected to the circuit. The variable resistor is a variable spiral metal wire with a slider. One end of the variable spiral metal wire is connected to the output terminal of the power input module, and the slider is connected to the input terminal of the working circuit. The slider is connected to a controller, which is controlled by the main control module to move the position of the slider on the variable spiral metal wire. The input terminal of the working circuit is grounded through a TVS diode; The main control module is configured to: when an overvoltage is detected, control the controller to move the slider, thereby reducing the effective length and resistance of the variable spiral wire in the circuit, and cooperating with the TVS tube to discharge the instantaneous overcurrent to ground.

2. The controllable and fast-response power supply protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage detection module is a voltage follower.

3. The controllable and fast-response power supply protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current detection module includes a current sampling resistor and a current sensing amplifier.

4. The controllable and fast-response power supply protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module uses a single-chip microcomputer.

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