A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of vehicle-mounted equipment technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration, which solves the problem of energy waste in existing vehicle power systems. A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration includes: a coil-type absorber, a generator, a condenser, a blower-type evaporator, an absorption air cooler, a low-grade heat source exchanger, a solution heat exchanger, a solution pump, an absorption coolant pump, a heating system drive pump, a heat storage tank, a throttling valve, and an exhaust valve. This utility model can effectively recover and utilize the low-grade waste heat generated by gasoline vehicle engines, diesel vehicle engines, or proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and provide cooling or heating according to demand, achieving combined cooling and heating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle-mounted equipment technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, the number of cars on the road is increasing rapidly every year, reaching 359 million by the end of June 2025 (including 36.89 million new energy vehicles). This has led to a sharp increase in vehicle fuel consumption (more than half of China's annual oil consumption of 750 million tons is used in the transportation sector). More than half of the fuel from car engines is emitted into the air as waste heat, resulting in significant energy waste. Given current technology, it is difficult to significantly improve the energy efficiency of internal combustion engines. Therefore, better utilizing waste heat from car engines for refrigeration or heating to improve the cabin environment or meet the needs of in-vehicle refrigerators for food preservation is an excellent energy-saving method and aligns with the national "dual-carbon" development policy.

[0003] In addition, the country is currently vigorously developing hydrogen fuel cell technology for clean energy utilization. Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, but the efficiency of this conversion is only about 45-60%, with most of the remaining energy released as waste heat, resulting in significant energy waste. Existing waste heat utilization technologies, such as bromine chillers, require high temperatures for the driving heat source, typically above 90°C, making it difficult to utilize the low-grade waste heat of 60-80°C from low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration, which solves the problem of energy waste in the existing on-board power system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration includes:

[0007] Coil absorbers, generators, condensers, blower evaporators, absorption air coolers, low-quality heat source exchangers, solution heat exchangers, solution pumps, absorption coolant pumps, heating system drive pumps, heat storage tanks, throttling valves, and exhaust valves;

[0008] The coil outlet of the coil absorber is connected to the absorption coolant pump via a pipeline. The outlet of the absorption coolant pump is connected to the absorption air cooler via a pipeline. The liquid outlet of the absorption air cooler is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline on the shell of the coil absorber. The bottom liquid outlet of the coil absorber is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline on the shell of the solution heat exchanger via a solution pump.

[0009] The liquid outlet on the shell of the solution heat exchanger is connected to the generator via a pipe.

[0010] The solution heat exchanger, condenser, exhaust valve, expansion valve, and blower-type evaporator are connected in sequence via pipes.

[0011] The liquid outlet at the bottom of the blower-type evaporator is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the shell of the coil-type absorber via a pipe.

[0012] A low-quality heat source exchanger, a heating system drive pump, and a heat storage tank are connected in sequence through pipes. The heat-releasing end of the low-quality heat source exchanger is located inside the generator, and the heat-absorbing section of the low-quality heat source exchanger is located inside the heating equipment of the vehicle power unit.

[0013] The liquid outlet at the bottom of the blower evaporator shell is connected to the liquid inlet of the low-quality heat source exchanger via a pipe, and the liquid outlet of the heat storage unit is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the blower evaporator shell via a pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the heating device of the vehicle power unit includes a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0015] Preferably, a condenser air-cooled fan is provided on the condenser, and an absorption air cooler air-cooled fan is provided on the absorption air cooler.

[0016] Preferably, an internal heat-insulating throttling plate is provided in the lower part of the generator.

[0017] Preferably, the heating system drive pump is connected to the heat storage tank pipeline through a fourth valve, the heat storage tank is connected to the blower evaporator pipeline through a fifth valve, and the inlet end of the fourth valve is connected to the outlet end of the fifth valve pipeline through a third valve.

[0018] Preferably, the liquid transported in the vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration is a liquid working fluid pair.

[0019] Preferably, the heat storage device is a paraffin heat storage device.

[0020] Preferably, the generator is connected to the condenser pipe via the second valve.

[0021] Preferably, the coolant storage tank is connected to one end of the first valve via a pipe, and a tee is provided on the pipe between the absorption air cooler and the coil absorber, which is connected to the other end of the first valve.

[0022] Preferably, a solution filling port is connected to the pipeline between the blower-type evaporator and the coil-type absorber.

[0023] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This system can effectively recover and utilize low-grade waste heat generated by gasoline vehicle engines, diesel vehicle engines, or proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and provide cooling or heating according to demand, achieving combined cooling and heating. This system can serve as a heating and cooling system for gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, or proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles, enabling the utilization of low-grade waste heat from the vehicle's power unit and improving energy efficiency.

[0025] This system utilizes coolant to remove low-grade waste heat from the vehicle's power unit, driving low-temperature absorption refrigeration or providing heating through a heat exchange system, thus achieving both cooling and heating. Low-temperature absorption refrigeration uses a low-temperature refrigerant and can achieve cooling temperatures below 26 degrees Celsius. It can be used for artificial air conditioning in passenger car cabins or for refrigeration in in-vehicle refrigerators. This system can be used in gasoline, diesel, or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, significantly improving their overall energy efficiency and increasing their driving range.

[0026] A small-scale vehicle-mounted low-temperature waste heat utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration specifically refers to a low-temperature absorption refrigeration system and a waste heat supply system driven by waste heat from the vehicle's power unit. This system can meet the needs of vehicle-mounted refrigerators for food preservation and refrigeration, and can also be used for artificial environmental air conditioning in the vehicle cabin, improving the energy efficiency and driving range of gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This utility model relates to an on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration. Figure 1 AA sectional view.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Coil-type absorber; 2. Generator; 3. Condenser; 4. Blower-type evaporator; 5. Absorption air cooler; 6. Condenser air-cooled fan; 7. Low-quality heat source exchanger; 8. Insulated throttling plate inside the generator; 9. Absorption air cooler air-cooled fan; 10. Solution heat exchanger; 11. Solution pump; 12. Absorption coolant pump; 13. Coolant storage tank; 14. Solution filling port; 15. Heating system drive pump; 16. Heat storage tank; V1, First valve; V2, Second valve; V3, Third valve; V4, Fourth valve; V5, Fifth valve; TV, Throttling valve; FV, Exhaust valve. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Please see Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment of an on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration includes:

[0034] 1. Coil-type absorber, 2. Generator, 3. Condenser, 4. Blower-type evaporator, 5. Absorption air cooler, 7. Low-quality heat source exchanger, 10. Solution heat exchanger, 11. Solution pump, 12. Absorption coolant pump, 15. Heating system drive pump, 16. Heat storage tank, 17. Throttling valve TV and exhaust valve FV.

[0035] The coil outlet of the coil absorber 1 is connected to the absorption coolant pump 12 via a pipe. The outlet of the absorption coolant pump 12 is connected to the absorption air cooler 5 via a pipe. The liquid outlet of the absorption air cooler 5 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe on the shell of the coil absorber 1. The bottom liquid outlet of the coil absorber 1 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe on the shell of the solution heat exchanger 10 via a solution pump 11.

[0036] The liquid outlet on the shell of the solution heat exchanger 10 is connected to the generator 2 via a pipe;

[0037] The solution heat exchanger 10, condenser 3, exhaust valve FV, throttle valve TV, and blower-type evaporator 4 are connected in sequence via pipes.

[0038] The bottom outlet of the blower evaporator 4 is connected to the inlet at the top of the shell of the coil absorber 1 via a pipe.

[0039] The low-quality heat source exchanger 7, the heating system drive pump 15, and the heat storage tank 16 are connected in sequence through pipes. The heat dissipation end of the low-quality heat source exchanger 7 is located inside the generator 2, and the heat absorption section of the low-quality heat source exchanger 7 is located inside the heating equipment of the vehicle power unit.

[0040] The liquid outlet at the bottom of the shell of the blower evaporator 4 is connected to the liquid inlet of the low-quality heat source exchanger 7 via a pipe, and the liquid outlet of the heat storage tank 16 is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the shell of the blower evaporator 4 via a pipe.

[0041] Preferably, the liquid outlet on the shell of the solution heat exchanger 10 is connected to the spray device in the upper part of the generator 2 via a pipe;

[0042] This system can effectively recover and utilize low-grade waste heat generated by gasoline vehicle engines, diesel vehicle engines, or proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and provide cooling or heating according to demand, achieving combined cooling and heating. This system can serve as a heating and cooling system for gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, or proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles, enabling the utilization of low-grade waste heat from gasoline vehicle engines, diesel vehicle engines, or proton exchange membrane fuel cells, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0043] Preferably, the heating device of the vehicle power unit includes a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0044] Preferably, a condenser air-cooled fan 6 is provided on the condenser 3, and an absorption air cooler air-cooled fan 9 is provided on the absorption air cooler 5.

[0045] The coil-type absorber 1, the absorption coolant pump 12, the absorption air cooler 5, and the coolant storage tank 13 constitute a coil-type absorption cooling system. In the process of absorbing heat, the coolant flows to the coil on the outer wall of the coil-type absorber 1 for heat exchange. The absorption coolant pump 12 drives the coolant to circulate within the system, thereby transferring heat to the absorption air cooler 5 for cooling. This structure can effectively reduce the temperature inside the coil-type absorber 1.

[0046] Preferably, an internal heat insulation throttling plate 8 is provided in the lower part of the generator 2.

[0047] The solution in the generator 2 passes through the heat-insulating throttling plate 8 inside the generator, which can effectively achieve throttling and cooling, and efficient liquid flow.

[0048] Preferably, the heating system drive pump 15 is connected to the heat storage tank 16 via a fourth valve V4, the heat storage tank 16 is connected to the blower evaporator 4 via a fifth valve V5, and the inlet end of the fourth valve V4 is connected to the outlet end of the fifth valve V5 via a third valve V3.

[0049] The low-quality heat source exchanger 7, the heating system drive pump 15, the heat storage tank 16, and the blower-type evaporator 4 constitute a heating / heat storage system. During normal heating, heat is stored through the heat storage tank 16. In cold or winter environments, when the heating equipment of the vehicle power unit is cold-started, specifically when a diesel engine, gasoline engine, or proton exchange membrane fuel cell is cold-started, water is used to remove the heat from the heat storage tank 16, thereby raising the temperature of the heating equipment of the vehicle power unit, achieving rapid cold start and reducing power loss.

[0050] Preferably, the liquid transported in the vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration is a liquid working fluid pair.

[0051] The liquid working fluid pair is an absorbent and a refrigerant, including but not limited to LiBr-ILs (absorbent) / CH3OH (refrigerant).

[0052] Preferably, the heat storage device 16 is a paraffin heat storage device, and the heat storage material is preferably paraffin, but not limited to paraffin.

[0053] Preferably, the generator 2 is connected to the condenser 3 via the second valve V2.

[0054] Preferably, the coolant storage tank 13 is connected to one end of the first valve V1 via a pipe, and a tee is provided on the pipe between the absorption air cooler 5 and the coil absorber 1, which is connected to the other end of the first valve V1.

[0055] Preferably, a solution filling port 14 is connected to the pipeline between the blower evaporator 4 and the coil absorber 1.

[0056] Preferably, the heat storage device 16 is a paraffin heat storage device. As an alternative embodiment, the heat storage material is preferably paraffin, but not limited to paraffin, and other materials can also be used for the heat storage device.

[0057] This solution includes the following workflow:

[0058] Solution addition:

[0059] Open the vent valve FV and the second valve V2, and add the low-temperature working fluid solution to the system through the solution filling port 14. After the filling is completed, close the vent valve FV and seal the solution filling port 14.

[0060] Coolant filling for coil absorbers:

[0061] Open the first valve V1, and the coolant will be added to the coolant reservoir at the set amount. After the addition is complete, close the first valve V1.

[0062] Refrigeration process:

[0063] Open the second valve V2, close the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4 and the fifth valve V5, start the solution pump 11 and the absorption coolant pump 12, and remove the residual heat generated by the heat-generating equipment of the vehicle power unit through the low-quality heat source exchanger 7. The heat taken away enters the generator 2 to regenerate the dilute LiBr-ILs (ionic liquid) / CH3OH (absorbent) solution from the coil absorber 1 into a concentrated solution. The concentrated LiBr-ILs / CH3OH solution in generator 2, after passing through the heat-insulating throttling plate 8 within generator 2, exchanges heat with the dilute LiBr-ILs / CH3OH solution from the coil-type absorber 1 in the solution heat exchanger 10 before entering the coil-type absorber 1. There, it absorbs CH3OH vapor from the blower-type evaporator 4 to become a dilute LiBr-ILs / CH3OH solution. The heat generated during absorption is carried away by the coolant driven by the absorption coolant pump 12 within the coil on the outer wall of the coil-type absorber 1, and discharged on the absorption air cooler 5, where forced convection heat exchange is achieved via the air-cooled fan 9. The CH3OH (refrigerant) vapor generated during the regeneration process condenses into liquid in the condenser 3 and then flows through the throttling valve TV into the blower-type evaporator 4 for evaporation and refrigeration. This utilizes the waste heat generated by the vehicle's power unit to produce cooling capacity for artificial ambient air conditioning in the vehicle compartment or for onboard refrigerator preservation.

[0064] Heating / storage process:

[0065] When heating is needed in the carriage, the third valve V3 is opened, and the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the fourth valve V4, and the fifth valve V5 are closed. The heating system drive pump 15 is started, and the waste heat generated by the heating equipment of the vehicle power unit is carried away by the low-quality heat source exchanger 7 through deionized pure water and directly enters the blower-type evaporator 4 for heat exchange to provide artificial ambient air conditioning and heating for the carriage.

[0066] By closing the third valve V3 and opening the fourth valve V4 and the fifth valve V5, heat can be stored in the heat storage tank 16. In cold or winter environments, heat can be supplied to the vehicle's power unit during a cold start; specifically, heat can be supplied to the vehicle's engine or fuel cell during a cold start.

[0067] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration, characterized by, include: Coil-type absorber (1), generator (2), condenser (3), blower-type evaporator (4), absorption air cooler (5), low-quality heat source exchanger (7), solution heat exchanger (10), solution pump (11), absorption coolant pump (12), heating system drive pump (15), heat storage tank (16), throttle valve (TV) and exhaust valve (FV); The coil outlet of the coil absorber (1) is connected to the absorption coolant pump (12) through a pipe. The outlet of the absorption coolant pump (12) is connected to the absorption air cooler (5) through a pipe. The liquid outlet of the absorption air cooler (5) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe on the shell of the coil absorber (1). The bottom liquid outlet of the coil absorber (1) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe on the shell of the solution heat exchanger (10) through the solution pump (11). The liquid outlet on the shell of the solution heat exchanger (10) is connected to the generator (2) through a pipe; The solution heat exchanger (10), condenser (3), exhaust valve (FV), throttle valve (TV), and blower evaporator (4) are connected in sequence by pipes. The bottom outlet of the blower evaporator (4) is connected to the inlet at the top of the shell of the coil absorber (1) via a pipe. The low-quality heat source exchanger (7), the heating system drive pump (15) and the heat storage tank (16) are connected in sequence through pipes. The heat release end of the low-quality heat source exchanger (7) is located in the generator (2), and the heat absorption section of the low-quality heat source exchanger (7) is located in the heat-generating equipment of the vehicle power unit. The liquid outlet at the bottom of the shell of the blower evaporator (4) is connected to the liquid inlet of the low-quality heat exchanger (7) through a pipe, and the liquid outlet of the heat storage tank (16) is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the shell of the blower evaporator (4) through a pipe.

2. The low-temperature absorption type refrigeration based vehicular waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein, The heat-generating equipment of the vehicle power unit includes a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

3. The low-temperature absorption type vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condenser (3) is provided with a condenser air-cooled fan (6), and the absorption air cooler (5) is provided with an absorption air cooler air-cooled fan (9).

4. The low-temperature absorption type vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the generator (2) is provided with an internal heat insulation throttling plate (8).

5. The low-temperature absorption type vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating system drive pump (15) is connected to the heat storage tank (16) via the fourth valve (V4), the heat storage tank (16) is connected to the blower evaporator (4) via the fifth valve (V5), and the inlet end of the fourth valve (V4) is connected to the outlet end of the fifth valve (V5) via the third valve (V3).

6. The low-temperature absorption type vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid transported in the vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration is a liquid working fluid pair.

7. The on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage device (16) is a paraffin heat storage device.

8. The on-board waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generator (2) is connected to the condenser (3) via a second valve (V2).

9. A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant storage tank (13) is connected to one end of the first valve (V1) through a pipe. A tee is provided on the pipe between the absorption air cooler (5) and the coil absorber (1), and the tee is connected to the other end of the first valve (V1).

10. A vehicle-mounted waste heat recovery and utilization system based on low-temperature absorption refrigeration according to claim 1, characterized in that, A solution filling port (14) is connected to the pipeline between the blower evaporator (4) and the coil absorber (1).

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