Control circuit board and battery swapping cabinet

Abstract

This utility model embodiment provides a control circuit board, including a circuit board and a control circuit disposed on the circuit board. The control circuit includes an MCU, multiple charger control circuits, multiple charging compartment control circuits, multiple charging compartment interface circuits, a cascaded communication circuit between boards, a 4G module, a voice module, a cabinet fan module, a DIP switch module, a trip unit module, a power supply module, and a display control circuit. Among them, the multiple charger control circuits are respectively connected to the MCU via CAN1 bus, the multiple charging compartment control circuits are connected to the MCU via USART, the cascaded communication circuit between boards is connected to the MCU via CAN2 bus, and the 4G module, voice module, cabinet fan module, DIP switch module, trip unit module, power supply module, and display control circuit are directly connected to the MCU.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of electronic technology, and in particular relates to a control circuit board and a battery swapping cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] A battery swapping cabinet is a cabinet that can store and automatically charge electric vehicle batteries. It typically has multiple battery compartments, each capable of storing one electric vehicle battery. Users can charge or swap batteries using a display screen or QR code on the cabinet.

[0003] Due to space limitations within the battery swapping cabinet, different control circuit boards are typically distributed across different areas of the cabinet, a "one cabinet, one board" approach. This results in highly complex wiring within the cabinet, requiring repeated configuration of control boards, power modules, and communication interfaces, leading to extremely high hardware costs. Furthermore, potential time conflicts during multi-board collaboration make it difficult to ensure command synchronization. If a fault occurs, troubleshooting becomes extremely difficult, and repair and maintenance become very inconvenient. For example, OTA upgrades require sequential upgrades of multiple control boards, which can easily lead to compatibility issues due to version inconsistencies. Additionally, dispersed log storage makes troubleshooting difficult for maintenance personnel, resulting in significant time and effort wasted. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a control circuit board and battery swapping cabinet that are low in cost, reliable in operation, and easy to maintain.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A control circuit board includes a circuit board and a control circuit disposed on the circuit board. The control circuit includes an MCU, multiple charger control circuits, multiple charging compartment control circuits, multiple charging compartment interface circuits, a cascaded communication circuit between boards, a 4G module, a voice module, a cabinet fan module, a DIP switch module, a trip unit module, a power supply module, and a display control circuit. The multiple charger control circuits are connected to the MCU via a CAN1 bus, the multiple charging compartment control circuits are connected to the MCU via a USART, the cascaded communication circuit between boards is connected to the MCU via a CAN2 bus, and the 4G module, voice module, cabinet fan module, DIP switch module, trip unit module, power supply module, and display control circuit are directly connected to the MCU.

[0007] Furthermore, the plurality of charger control circuits and the plurality of charging compartment interface circuits are connected to opposite sides of the MCU.

[0008] Furthermore, the single charging compartment control circuit includes an RS485 battery communication circuit, which includes a power supply circuit, an RS485 transceiver, an isolation power filter circuit, a terminal matching circuit, and a protection circuit.

[0009] Furthermore, the power supply circuit includes a power supply and a power supply filter circuit. The power supply is connected to the RS485 transceiver and is used to supply power to the RS485 transceiver. The power supply filter circuit is connected to the power supply line between the power supply and the RS485 transceiver and is used to filter the output of the power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, the RS485 transceiver includes a logic-side DC-DC converter, a bus-side DC-DC converter, an insulating gate located between the logic-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side DC-DC converter, a logic-side transceiver, and a bus-side transceiver. The logic-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side DC-DC converter are used to convert the voltage of the power input to an isolated voltage on the bus side. The logic-side transceiver and the bus-side transceiver are used for signal transmission, reception, and conversion. The power input terminal of the logic-side DC-DC converter is directly shorted to the power input terminal of the logic-side transceiver, and the isolated power output terminal of the bus-side DC-DC converter is directly shorted to the isolated power input terminal of the bus-side transceiver.

[0011] Furthermore, the isolation power supply filter circuit is connected to the bus-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side transceiver to filter the isolation voltage.

[0012] Furthermore, the termination matching circuit includes two terminating resistors for termination matching, which are respectively connected to the two differential signal lines.

[0013] Furthermore, the protection circuit includes two TVS diodes for overvoltage protection, the two differential signal lines are respectively connected to the positive terminals of the two TVS diodes, and the negative terminals of the two TVS diodes are connected to ground.

[0014] Furthermore, the charging compartment interface circuit includes a first power supply pin for powering the charging compartment interface circuit, a second power supply pin for powering the sensor, A and B pins for transmitting differential signals, an NTC pin for heating a single charging compartment, an FID circuit pin for fire protection of a single charging compartment, a LOK_12V pin for powering the electromagnetic lock, a LOK_SEN pin for connecting the electromagnetic lock status detection circuit, and RED and GREEN pins for displaying the color of the control light.

[0015] This utility model also provides a battery swapping cabinet, which includes the control circuit board described above.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the "single-board multi-compartment" control circuit board solution provided in this embodiment improves integration and reduces hardware costs. It uses a single control circuit board to centrally handle BMS communication for all multiple charging compartments, avoiding timing conflicts in multi-board collaboration, ensuring command synchronization, and dynamically allocating charging power (e.g., constant current / constant voltage mode switching). It also optimizes charging strategies based on battery status (e.g., SOC, temperature). A single board controls all six compartments with only one OTA upgrade, avoiding compatibility issues caused by inconsistent board versions. Centralized log storage (e.g., local FLASH) records the operational data of all six compartments, allowing maintenance personnel to locate abnormal compartments through the backend system, effectively shortening troubleshooting time. In the manufacturing process, the standardized single-board design simplifies the production line process, reduces welding and testing steps, and significantly improves mass production speed. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the control circuit board provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A circuit diagram of an RS485 battery communication circuit.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A simplified schematic diagram of an RS485 transceiver.

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A pin diagram of the charging case interface circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2This utility model embodiment provides a control circuit board 100, including a circuit board 10 and a control circuit disposed on the circuit board 10. The control circuit includes an MCU 21, multiple charger control circuits 22, multiple charging compartment control circuits 23, multiple charging compartment interface circuits 24, a cascaded communication circuit between boards 25, a 4G module 26, a voice module 27, a cabinet fan module 28, a DIP switch module 29, a trip unit module 30, a power supply module 31, and a display control circuit 32.

[0024] Multiple charger control circuits 22 and multiple charging compartment interface circuits 24 are connected to opposite sides of the MCU 21. The multiple charger control circuits 22 are connected to the MCU 21 via the CAN1 bus for communication with the battery charger / charger and to control the charging process. Multiple charging compartment control circuits 23 are connected to the MCU 21 via USART (Universal Synchronous / Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) for controlling a corresponding number of charging compartments. Cascaded communication circuits 25 between boards are connected to the MCU 21 via the CAN2 bus. The 4G module 26, voice module 27, cabinet fan module 28, DIP switch module 29, trip unit module 30, power supply module 31, and display control circuit 32 are directly connected to the MCU 21. In this embodiment, there are six charger control circuits 22, six charging compartment control circuits 23, and six charging compartment interface circuits 24.

[0025] The 4G module 26 is used to connect to the server and transmit real-time information to the server. The voice module 27 is used to provide voice prompts to the user, guide the user's operation, and improve the user experience.

[0026] Please refer to the following: Figure 3 The individual charging compartment control circuit 23 includes: an RS458 battery communication circuit 230, and an RS485 battery communication circuit 230 for the battery management system (BMS), allowing the BMS to exchange data with individual batteries or battery modules. The RS485 battery communication circuit 230 includes a power supply circuit 231, an RS485 transceiver 232, an isolation power filter circuit 233, a termination matching circuit 234, and a protection circuit 235.

[0027] The power supply circuit 231 includes a power supply and a power supply filter circuit. The power supply is connected to the RS485 transceiver 232 to supply power to the RS485 transceiver 232. The power supply filter circuit is connected to the power supply line of the power supply and the RS485 transceiver 232 and includes two parallel capacitors (C49 and C51) for filtering the output of the power supply.

[0028] The RS485 transceiver 232 is generally divided into a primary side and a secondary side, which can also be referred to as the logic side and the bus side, respectively. An isolation barrier is located between the logic side and the bus side, which provides electrical isolation and allows energy to be transferred between the isolated logic side and the bus side by the internal DC-DC converter of the RS485 transceiver 232 through optical coupling, magnetic coupling or capacitive coupling.

[0029] RS485 transceiver 232 includes a logic-side DC-DC converter 232a, a bus-side DC-DC converter 232b, an insulating gate 232c located between the logic-side DC-DC converter 232a and the bus-side DC-DC converter 232b, a logic-side transceiver 232d, and a bus-side transceiver 232e. The logic-side DC-DC converter 232a and the bus-side DC-DC converter 232b are used to convert the voltage of the power input to the isolated voltage on the bus side. The logic-side transceiver 232d and the bus-side transceiver 232e are used for signal transmission, reception, and conversion. The power input terminal (VDDP) of the logic-side DC-DC converter 232a is directly shorted to the power input terminal (VDDL) of the logic-side transceiver 232b, and the isolated power output terminal (VISOout) of the bus-side DC-DC converter 232d is directly shorted to the isolated power input terminal (VISOin) of the bus-side transceiver 232e.

[0030] The isolation power supply filter circuit 233 is connected to the bus-side DC-DC converter 232d and the bus-side transceiver 232e, and includes two parallel capacitors (C48, C50) for filtering the isolation voltage.

[0031] The termination matching circuit 234 includes two terminating resistors (R58, R59) for termination matching, which are connected to the two differential signal lines (A, B) respectively.

[0032] The protection circuit 235 includes two TVS diodes for overvoltage protection. Two differential signal lines are connected to the positive terminals of the two TVS diodes, and the negative terminals of the two TVS diodes are connected to ground.

[0033] Please refer to the following: Figure 4The individual charging compartment interface circuit 24 includes: a first power supply pin (12V) for powering the interface circuit, a second power supply pin (3V3) for powering the sensor, A and B pins for transmitting differential signals, an NTC pin for heating the individual charging compartment, an FID circuit pin for fire protection of the individual charging compartment, a LOK_12V pin for powering the electromagnetic lock, a LOK_SEN pin for connecting the electromagnetic lock status detection circuit, and RED and GREEN pins for displaying the color of the control light. All of these pins are connected to the GIPO port (not shown) of the MCU 21.

[0034] MCU 21 is connected to RS485 battery communication circuit 230 via USART (Universal Synchronous / Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter). Through the USART, MCU 21 can send and receive data, controlling RS485 transceiver 232 to communicate with the battery. RS485 transceiver 232 converts the TTL level signal output by MCU 21 into a differential signal according to the RS-485 standard for stable transmission on the RS485 bus. This configuration enables MCU 21 to monitor and manage key parameters such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and battery balance, thereby optimizing battery performance, ensuring safety, and extending battery life.

[0035] Specifically, when the battery is connected, the charging compartment detects the voltage. The MCU 21 sends a MODBUS query frame to the battery via the RS485 battery communication circuit 230. Upon receiving the MODBUS query frame, the battery replies with a MODBUS response frame. Upon receiving the response frame, the MCU 21 experiences a receive interrupt, saves the content of the received response frame in the serial port buffer, and parses the content to obtain the battery's serial number (SN) and the charging compartment's port number. The MCU 21 then sends a "port detection event" to the server via the 4G module 26. The server determines whether the battery is an authorized battery and the type of port detection event based on the battery's SN, and issues a charging command to the MCU 21. Upon receiving the charging command, the MCU 21 issues a voice command to start charging via the voice module 27, and the charger control circuit 22 controls the charger to begin charging the battery. Then, MCU 21 periodically sends BMS query commands to the battery via RS485 battery communication circuit 230. Upon receiving the query command, the battery replies with a MODBUS response frame. Upon receiving the response frame, MCU 21 experiences a receive interrupt, saving the content of the received response frame in the serial port buffer. It then parses the received response frame content, obtaining information such as battery health status (SOH), output status, battery internal temperature, total battery voltage, total battery current, relative and absolute capacity percentages, remaining capacity, total capacity, battery cycle count, reserved bits, battery string voltage, current charging time interval, maximum charge or discharge current, battery alarm information, and battery state of charge (SOC). Based on this battery information, MCU 21 adjusts the charging strategies of multiple charging compartments to protect battery safety and extend battery life.

[0036] The control circuit board in this embodiment changes the old "one board per compartment" and "master-slave" scheme of existing charging cabinets, and innovatively proposes a new scheme of "single board for multiple compartments" and "one board for six compartments". This reduces redundant hardware such as the main control board, power module, and communication interface, improves the integration level, and reduces hardware costs by 40% to 60%. A single control circuit board centrally handles BMS communication for all six charging compartments, avoiding timing conflicts in multi-board collaboration, ensuring command synchronization, and dynamically allocating charging power (such as constant current / constant voltage mode switching), optimizing charging strategies based on battery status (such as SOC, temperature). A single board controls all six compartments with only one OTA upgrade, avoiding compatibility issues caused by inconsistent versions of multiple boards. Centralized log storage (such as local FLASH) records the operating data of all six compartments, allowing maintenance personnel to locate abnormal compartments through the backend system, effectively shortening troubleshooting time. By isolating the power and communication signals on the logic and bus sides of the RS485 transceiver 232, external isolation of the overall RS485 communication is achieved. Multiple filtering circuits further enhance the power and signal filtering, resulting in excellent communication performance and significantly improved communication quality. It boasts a high level of electrical isolation and superior performance, effectively meeting the needs of industrial applications. Simultaneously, the RS485 transceiver 232 integrates a DC-DC converter, eliminating the need for an external isolation power supply chip, simplifying the construction of peripheral circuits, reducing circuit complexity, and further minimizing PCBA area, effectively saving system space and simplifying design. In the manufacturing process, the standardized single-board design simplifies the production line process, reduces soldering and testing steps, and significantly increases mass production speed.

[0037] The above is a description of the embodiments provided by this utility model. For those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the embodiments of this utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A control circuit board, comprising a circuit board and control circuitry disposed on the circuit board, characterized in that, The control circuit includes an MCU, multiple charger control circuits, multiple charging compartment control circuits, multiple charging compartment interface circuits, a cascaded communication circuit between boards, a 4G module, a voice module, a cabinet fan module, a DIP switch module, a trip unit module, a power supply module, and a display control circuit. The multiple charger control circuits are connected to the MCU via a CAN1 bus, the multiple charging compartment control circuits are connected to the MCU via a USART, the cascaded communication circuit between boards is connected to the MCU via a CAN2 bus, and the 4G module, voice module, cabinet fan module, DIP switch module, trip unit module, power supply module, and display control circuit are directly connected to the MCU.

2. The control circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of charger control circuits and the plurality of charging compartment interface circuits are connected to opposite sides of the MCU.

3. The control circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single charging compartment control circuit includes an RS485 battery communication circuit, which includes a power supply circuit, an RS485 transceiver, an isolation power filter circuit, a terminal matching circuit, and a protection circuit.

4. The control circuit board according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes a power supply and a power supply filter circuit. The power supply is connected to the RS485 transceiver and is used to supply power to the RS485 transceiver. The power supply filter circuit is connected to the power supply line between the power supply and the RS485 transceiver and is used to filter the output of the power supply.

5. The control circuit board according to claim 4, characterized in that, The RS485 transceiver includes a logic-side DC-DC converter, a bus-side DC-DC converter, an insulating gate located between the logic-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side DC-DC converter, a logic-side transceiver, and a bus-side transceiver. The logic-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side DC-DC converter are used to convert the voltage of the power input to an isolated voltage on the bus side. The logic-side transceiver and the bus-side transceiver are used for signal transmission, reception, and conversion. The power input terminal of the logic-side DC-DC converter is directly shorted to the power input terminal of the logic-side transceiver, and the isolated power output terminal of the bus-side DC-DC converter is directly shorted to the isolated power input terminal of the bus-side transceiver.

6. The control circuit board according to claim 5, characterized in that, The isolation power supply filter circuit is connected to the bus-side DC-DC converter and the bus-side transceiver, and is used to filter the isolation voltage.

7. The control circuit board according to claim 6, characterized in that, The termination matching circuit includes two terminating resistors for termination matching, which are respectively connected to the two differential signal lines.

8. The control circuit board according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protection circuit includes two TVS diodes for overvoltage protection. The two differential signal lines are respectively connected to the positive terminals of the two TVS diodes, and the negative terminals of the two TVS diodes are connected to ground.

9. The control circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging compartment interface circuit includes a first power supply pin for powering the charging compartment interface circuit, a second power supply pin for powering the sensor, A and B pins for transmitting differential signals, an NTC pin for heating a single charging compartment, an FID circuit pin for fire protection of a single charging compartment, a LOK_12V pin for powering the electromagnetic lock, a LOK_SEN pin for connecting the electromagnetic lock status detection circuit, and RED and GREEN pins for displaying the color of the control light.

10. A battery swapping cabinet, characterized in that, Includes the control circuit board as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images