An eco-friendly fishway channel structure

Abstract

This utility model discloses an eco-friendly fishway structure, including a U-shaped tank chamber and stepped partitions. The stepped partitions have two or more steps. The U-shaped tank chamber has partition mounting slots for installing the stepped partitions. The manufacturing method is as follows: First, the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns are prefabricated. A section of exposed reinforcing steel is left at both ends of the prefabricated L-shaped column crossbeams. When casting the U-shaped tank chamber, the bottom slab of the U-shaped tank chamber and the side wall of the higher side of the stepped partitions are cast first, reserving mounting slots for the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns. After the concrete has solidified, the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns are installed, and then the last side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber is cast. This utility model has a simple structure, saves space, and the eco-friendly fishway structure attracts fish from the bottom, middle, and surface layers, as well as fish that prefer various flow rates. Furthermore, the structure has only one seam, resulting in low water-stopping costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an eco-friendly fishway channel structure. Background Technology

[0002] Fishways are fish passage structures set up at obstacles such as dams and sluices to facilitate fish migration. They are biological corridors connecting upstream and downstream material and energy circulation. Currently, research on fishways includes the following aspects: 1) Research on layout patterns, such as the "Fishway System Suitable for High and Steep Banks" proposed in Chinese Invention Publication CN118326915A; 2) Research on flow guiding and fish guiding structures, such as the "Flow guiding and fish guiding device for fishway intersections" proposed in Chinese Utility Model CN221320857U; 3) Fish passage monitoring functions, such as the "Intelligent Fish Monitoring System and Control Method" proposed in Chinese Invention Patent CN117478835B; 4) Research on fish attraction at fishway inlets and adaptation to water level changes, such as the "Method for Attracting Fish into Fishways" proposed in Chinese Invention Publication CN117513264A and the "A Spiral Layered Fishway Inlet Structure" proposed in Chinese Invention Publication CN116497774A.

[0003] Overall, fishways have evolved from "engineered fishways" to "simulated ecological fishways," resulting in improved fish passage efficiency. A review of relevant literature reveals that the structural forms of currently constructed simulated ecological fishways are largely similar, with the main body of the fishway typically featuring an open trapezoidal cross-section, such as... Figure 6 As shown, two partitions are set on both sides inside the trough, with a vertical gap in the middle, about 0.5m wide, and it is constructed using natural materials such as pebbles, boulders, gravel, and wood.

[0004] These biomimetic fishway structures are more biomimetic in terms of materials; essentially, they are vertical slit fishways made of biomimetic materials. However, they fail to achieve true biomimicry in key structural features and the resulting water flow. The flow velocity at the vertical slits is essentially uniform, attracting only fish that prefer that specific flow rate, and failing to accommodate fish with different flow preferences. The fish passage efficiency needs improvement. Furthermore, the transverse baffles extend above the water surface, hindering the migration of some fish that prefer surface travel, thus reducing fish passage efficiency. Moreover, current biomimetic fishway structures occupy excessive land area. For example, traditional vertical slit fishways are typically around 2 meters wide, while these biomimetic fishways can reach widths of 5 meters or more, with the distance between the tops of the side slopes approaching 10 meters. Such a large width increases the land area required, necessitates more building materials, increases the workload, slows construction speed, and drastically increases construction costs. Finally, some artificial fishways in silty rivers have also led to siltation problems.

[0005] Chinese patent CN218990089U discloses "An Ecological Fishway Using Precast Pebble Slabs". Since different fish species have their own preferred water flow patterns, the partition in this patent has two passageways for fish. Therefore, the passageways for fish only have surface water flow and bottom water flow, and the water flow speed is only divided into fast flow and slow flow. This means that not many fish species can adapt to it. In addition, this patent has joints between cast-in-place and precast parts on both sides of the bottom of the fishway, which makes the cost of water sealing relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the limitations of current biomimetic fishway structures, which only effectively guide fish with specific habits and preferences, while failing to guide other fish. The closest patent, CN218990089U, only allows surface and bottom water flow, limiting its applicability to a limited range of fish. Furthermore, it suffers from high costs associated with joints between cast-in-place and precast sections on both sides of the fishway bottom, particularly regarding water sealing. This invention provides a biomimetic fishway structure that transforms the main body into an open U-shape to save space. It incorporates several stepped baffles, each with two or more steps, creating a flow velocity gradient and height difference between the steps. This results in a fish-attracting effect for bottom, mid-water, and surface migratory fish, as well as those preferring various flow rates. All fish species can find suitable upstream paths. Moreover, this biomimetic fishway structure has only one joint, reducing water sealing costs.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0008] An eco-friendly fishway structure includes a U-shaped tank chamber and stepped partitions. The stepped partitions are characterized by having two or more steps. The U-shaped tank chamber has several partition mounting slots, each containing one stepped partition. The lower vertical surface of each stepped partition automatically forms a wide main channel with the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber, while the higher vertical surface of the stepped partition is flush with the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber. This creates a wide distribution of high, medium, and low flow velocities within the fishway, catering to various fish species that prefer different flow rates and are found in bottom, mid, and surface layers.

[0009] The lower side plane of the stepped partition is on the same plane as the bottom surface of the interior side of the U-shaped trough.

[0010] The width of the main passage formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped tank is between 0.5m and 1m, and the lower sides of all the stepped partitions are located on the same side of the U-shaped tank, which is wider than the current simulated fishway.

[0011] This utility model also includes several L-shaped columns. Several L-shaped column mounting slots are symmetrically arranged on the upper ends of the side walls of the U-shaped tank chamber. The two ends of the crossbeam of each L-shaped column are installed in the L-shaped column mounting slots on the upper ends of the side walls of the U-shaped tank chamber, and the vertical beam of each L-shaped column is located on the lower side of the stepped partition wall of the U-shaped tank chamber. The L-shaped column design is to overcome the problem of excessively fast flow velocity on the lower side of the stepped partition, which makes fish migration difficult. Vertical water-blocking columns are provided on the lower side of the U-shaped tank chamber wall of the stepped partition, which can slow down the water flow and also provide a migration route for fish.

[0012] The L-shaped column is installed between two adjacent stepped partitions, and the vertical beam of the L-shaped column is located in the middle of the main channel formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped trough chamber, and the distance between the L-shaped column and the two adjacent stepped partitions is equal.

[0013] The length of the horizontal beam of the L-shaped column is longer than the net width of the interior of the U-shaped trough, and the height of the vertical beam of the L-shaped column is equal to the net height of the interior of the U-shaped trough.

[0014] The stepped partition and L-shaped column are prefabricated components, and the two ends of the crossbeam of the L-shaped column are reserved with steel bars, and the slope ratio of the inclined surface of the stepped partition should be greater than 1:2.

[0015] The fish passage formed by the stepped surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped tank is an inverted stepped type.

[0016] The fishway of this invention can be arranged using the existing topography of rivers, natural ditches and other landforms in the project area. It uses natural stones and boulders to construct stepped partitions to simulate the flow pattern of natural rivers as much as possible.

[0017] A method for constructing an eco-friendly fishway structure employs a partially prefabricated and partially cast-in-place construction approach. The stepped partitions and L-shaped columns are prefabricated, while the U-shaped tank chamber is cast-in-place. The method involves the following steps: First, the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns are prefabricated. A section of exposed reinforcing steel is left at both ends of the crossbeams of the prefabricated L-shaped columns. This exposed steel reinforcement allows for better fixation between the L-shaped columns and the cast-in-place U-shaped tank chamber. When casting the U-shaped tank chamber, the bottom slab and the higher side wall of the stepped partitions are cast first, with pre-reserved mounting slots for the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns. After the concrete has solidified, the stepped partitions and L-shaped columns are installed, and then the final side wall of the cast-in-place U-shaped tank chamber is cast.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. The structural design is reasonable and simple, and construction and subsequent maintenance are convenient; 2. It saves land and construction costs; 3. The stepped partitions imitate the slope of a natural river channel, which conforms to the migratory habits of fish and is conducive to attracting fish to migrate; 4. The stepped partitions of this biomimetic fishway structure imitate the slope of a natural river channel, forming three or more steps (upper, middle, and lower), creating a velocity gradient and height difference between each step, making the biomimetic fishway effective in attracting fish from the bottom, middle, and surface layers, as well as migratory fish that prefer various flow rates, allowing all kinds of fish to find a suitable upstream path; 5. It can effectively prevent siltation in the fishway in rivers with high sediment content; 6. The entire fishway is constructed of biomimetic materials, causing less damage to the original natural environment, being ecologically friendly to fish, and further improving the fish passage effect; 7. It has a fast construction speed, a more regular shape, is easy to transport and assemble, and is more reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the U-shaped trough chamber of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stepped partition of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the L-shaped column of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic fishway channel structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing method of the biomimetic fishway channel structure of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an existing biomimetic fishway. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but these descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an eco-friendly fishway structure includes a U-shaped tank chamber 1 and stepped partitions 2. The stepped partitions 2 are characterized by having two or more steps. The U-shaped tank chamber 1 has several partition mounting slots 4, each containing a stepped partition 2. The lower vertical surface of each stepped partition 2 automatically forms a wide main channel with the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber, while the higher vertical surface of the stepped partition is flush with the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber 1. This creates a wide distribution of high, medium, and low flow velocities within the fishway, catering to various fish species that prefer different flow rates and are found in bottom, mid, and surface layers.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, the lower side plane of the stepped partition 2 is on the same plane as the bottom surface of the inner side of the U-shaped tank chamber 1. The width of the main channel formed by the lower side vertical plane of the stepped partition 2 and the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber 1 is between 0.5m and 1m, and the lower sides of all the stepped partitions are located on the same side of the U-shaped tank chamber, which is wider than the current simulated ecological fishway.

[0028] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, this utility model also includes several L-shaped columns 3. Several L-shaped column mounting slots 6 are symmetrically arranged on the upper ends of both side walls of the U-shaped tank chamber 1. The two ends of the crossbeam of each L-shaped column 3 are installed in the L-shaped column mounting slots 6 on the upper ends of both side walls of the U-shaped tank chamber 1, and the vertical beam of each L-shaped column 3 is located on the side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber 1 on the lower side of the stepped partition 2. The L-shaped column design is to overcome the problem of excessively fast flow velocity on the lower side of the stepped partition, making it difficult for fish to migrate. Vertical water-blocking columns are provided on the side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber on the lower side of the stepped partition, which can slow down the water flow and also provide a migration route for fish.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the L-shaped column 3 is installed between two adjacent stepped partitions 2, and the vertical beam of the L-shaped column 3 is located in the middle of the main channel formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped partition 2 and the wall of the U-shaped trough chamber 1, and the distance between the L-shaped column and the two adjacent stepped partitions is equal. The length of the horizontal beam of the L-shaped column 3 is longer than the internal clear width of the U-shaped trough chamber 1, and the height of the vertical beam of the L-shaped column 3 is equal to the internal clear height of the U-shaped trough chamber 1.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the stepped partition 2 and L-shaped column 3 are prefabricated components, and the two ends of the crossbeam of the L-shaped column 3 are reserved with steel bars 5, and the slope ratio of the inclined surface of the stepped partition should be greater than 1:2.

[0031] The fishway of this invention can be arranged using the existing topography of rivers, natural ditches and other landforms in the project area. It uses natural stones and boulders to construct stepped partitions to simulate the flow pattern of natural rivers as much as possible.

[0032] like Figure 5As shown, a method for constructing an eco-friendly fishway structure is adopted, using a partially prefabricated and partially cast-in-place construction method. The stepped partition 2 and L-shaped columns 3 are prefabricated components, while the U-shaped tank chamber 1 is cast-in-place. The construction is carried out in the following steps: First, the stepped partition 2 and L-shaped columns 3 are prefabricated. A section of exposed steel bar 5 is reserved at both ends of the crossbeam of the prefabricated L-shaped column 3. When casting the U-shaped tank chamber 1, the reserved steel bar 5 can better fix the L-shaped column 3 to the cast-in-place U-shaped tank chamber 1. When casting the U-shaped tank chamber, the bottom plate of the U-shaped tank chamber 1 and the side wall of the higher side of the stepped partition are cast first, and the partition mounting groove 4 for installing the stepped partition 2 and the L-shaped column mounting groove 6 for installing the L-shaped column 3 are reserved. After the concrete has solidified, the stepped partition 2 and L-shaped columns 3 are installed, and the last side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber 1 is cast in place.

[0033] In this invention, all the angles between the connecting surfaces of the various components are right angles. After the stepped partition is installed, the surfaces forming the stepped shape can be divided into three types according to their positional relationship: vertical surfaces, horizontal surfaces, and inclined surfaces. For the surfaces forming the stepped shape, the lowest surface is a horizontal surface. This horizontal surface is on the same plane as the bottom inner surface of the U-shaped tank chamber. A vertical surface is connected to one side of this horizontal surface away from the side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber. Another inclined surface is connected to one side of this vertical surface away from the previous horizontal surface. A third horizontal surface is connected to one side of this inclined surface away from the previous vertical surface. Subsequent surfaces forming the stepped shape are arranged in the order of horizontal surface-inclined surface-horizontal surface-inclined surface-horizontal surface, finally connected to the other side wall of the U-shaped tank chamber by a horizontal surface. All the contacting surfaces of the entire stepped partition, except for the inclined surfaces, have right angles. All the angles between the surfaces of the L-shaped column are right angles, and the horizontal and vertical beams of the L-shaped column are perpendicular to each other. The L-shaped column is installed in the exact center of each U-shaped tank chamber in the direction of water flow, meaning the vertical beam of the L-shaped column is located in the middle of the main channel formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped baffle and the wall of the U-shaped tank chamber. Both the horizontal and vertical beams of the L-shaped column are perpendicular to the direction of water flow. After installation, the lower side of the stepped baffle and the vertical beam of the L-shaped column should be on the same side of the U-shaped tank chamber.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly fishway structure, comprising a U-shaped tank chamber and stepped partitions, characterized in that: The stepped partition is a partition with two or more steps. The U-shaped trough is provided with several partition installation slots, and a stepped partition is installed in each partition installation slot.

2. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower side plane of the stepped partition is on the same plane as the bottom surface of the interior side of the U-shaped trough.

3. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the main passage formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped trough is between 0.5m and 1m, and the lower sides of all stepped partitions are located on the same side of the U-shaped trough.

4. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: It includes several L-shaped columns. The upper ends of the two side walls of the U-shaped trough are symmetrically provided with several L-shaped column mounting slots. The two ends of the crossbeam of each L-shaped column are installed in the L-shaped column mounting slots at the upper ends of the two side walls of the U-shaped trough, and the vertical beam of each L-shaped column is located at the side wall of the U-shaped trough on the lower side of the stepped partition.

5. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The L-shaped column is installed between two adjacent stepped partitions, and the vertical beam of the L-shaped column is located in the middle of the main channel formed by the lower vertical surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped trough chamber, and the distance between the L-shaped column and the two adjacent stepped partitions is equal.

6. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the horizontal beam of the L-shaped column is longer than the net width of the interior of the U-shaped trough, and the height of the vertical beam of the L-shaped column is equal to the net height of the interior of the U-shaped trough.

7. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stepped partition and L-shaped column are prefabricated components, and the two ends of the crossbeam of the L-shaped column are pre-reserved with steel bars, and the slope ratio of the inclined surface of the stepped partition is greater than 1:

2.

8. The biomimetic fishway channel structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fish passage formed by the stepped surface of the stepped partition and the wall of the U-shaped tank is an inverted stepped type.

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