A medium temperature ammonia fuel cell
By employing a solid acid electrolyte and a serpentine flow field design, the high energy consumption and material stability issues caused by high-temperature operation of the medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell have been solved, resulting in a highly efficient and compact ammonia fuel cell structure suitable for rapid deployment in small volumes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUNAN UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Traditional ammonia fuel cells operate at high temperatures, resulting in high system energy consumption and stringent requirements for material thermal stability. The liquid electrolyte system also suffers from problems such as strong corrosivity and difficulty in sealing, which affect long-term stable operation.
Using solid acid electrolyte cesium dihydrogen phosphate powder, combined with a composite anode catalyst layer, cathode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and thermal decomposition catalyst layer, a serpentine flow field design is used to achieve rapid linkage between ammonia cracking and hydrogenation reaction. Titanium alloy end plates and heating devices are used to ensure a compact and reliable structure.
It effectively reduces the operational problems of ammonia fuel cells, improves system efficiency, and achieves reliable, rapid deployment in a small size.
Smart Images
Figure CN224437596U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell. Background Technology
[0002] Ammonia, as a hydrogen-rich carrier, has advantages such as safe storage and transportation, high energy density, and great carbon neutrality potential, and is considered an important medium for the hydrogen economy. Traditional ammonia fuel cells are usually based on high-temperature proton conductors (such as barium cerium oxide) or liquid alkaline electrolyte systems, and need to operate at high temperatures of 400-600°C to achieve efficient coupling of ammonia cracking for hydrogen production and hydrogenation reaction. However, high-temperature operating conditions lead to high system energy consumption and stringent requirements for the thermal stability of materials.
[0003] In addition, the liquid electrolyte system has problems such as strong corrosivity and difficulty in sealing, which restricts the long-term stable operation of ammonia fuel cells.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell that can solve one or more of the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address one or more problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell. The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above problems is: a medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell, comprising: a solid acid electrolyte, wherein the solid acid electrolyte is cesium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and a composite anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer are respectively disposed on the two end faces of the solid acid electrolyte;
[0006] The outer end face of the composite anode catalyst layer is an anode flow field plate, and the outer end face of the cathode catalyst layer is a cathode flow field plate. The surfaces of the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate are engraved with serpentine flow fields for gas flow. The serpentine flow field is located on the side facing the solid acid electrolyte. The outer end faces of the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate are each provided with an end plate.
[0007] The composite anode catalyst layer is provided with a gas diffusion layer, a thermal decomposition catalyst layer and an electrocatalytic catalyst layer in sequence, and the gas diffusion layer is located on the side away from the solid acid electrolyte;
[0008] The cathode catalytic layer is provided with a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer in sequence, and the cathode diffusion layer is located on the side away from the solid acid electrolyte;
[0009] One end plate is provided with an ammonia inlet, and the other end plate is provided with an oxygen inlet. Ammonia enters the serpentine flow field of the anode flow field plate through the ammonia inlet, and oxygen enters the serpentine flow field of the cathode flow field plate through the oxygen inlet.
[0010] In some embodiments, a current collector is provided between the anode flow field plate and the end plate, and the current collector is also provided between the cathode flow field plate and the end plate.
[0011] In some embodiments, the solid acid electrolyte is surrounded by a sealing gasket. Further, the solid acid electrolyte is in the form of a disc.
[0012] In some embodiments, the substrate of the end plate is a titanium alloy, and the surface of the end plate is gold-plated.
[0013] In some embodiments, the end plate is provided with a heating device. Further, the heating device is a thermocouple heating tube.
[0014] In some embodiments, the serpentine flow field is a single channel, and the distribution of the serpentine flow field is uniform.
[0015] In some embodiments, the areas of the composite anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer are larger than the solid acid electrolyte, the area of the serpentine flow field is greater than or equal to the composite anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, and the area of the end plate is larger than the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate.
[0016] The technical advantages achieved by this invention are as follows: The structure of the above solution is based on the solid-state acid proton conduction mechanism, which rapidly couples the thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonia with the electrocatalytic hydrogenation step, effectively reducing the operational problems of ammonia fuel cells and improving the system's efficiency. The structure is compact and reliable, enabling rapid deployment in a small volume. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composite anode catalyst layer of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 1 In the middle, 1. End plate; 2.1. Anode flow field plate; 2.2. Cathode flow field plate; 3. Current collector; 4. Composite anode catalyst layer; 5. Sealing gasket; 6. Solid acid electrolyte; 7. Cathode catalyst layer; 8. Ammonia inlet; 9. Flow channel; 10. Ridge.
[0020] Figure 2 In the middle, 11. Gas diffusion layer; 12. Thermal decomposition catalyst layer; 13. Electrocatalytic catalyst layer. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more readily understood, the specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this utility model discloses a medium-temperature ammonia fuel cell, which includes: a solid acid electrolyte 6, wherein the solid acid electrolyte 6 is cesium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and a composite anode catalyst layer 4 and a cathode catalyst layer 7 are respectively disposed on the two end faces of the solid acid electrolyte 6;
[0023] The outer end face of the composite anode catalyst layer 4 is an anode flow field plate 2.1, and the outer end face of the cathode catalyst layer 7 is a cathode flow field plate 2.2. The surfaces of the anode flow field plate 2.1 and the cathode flow field plate 2.2 are engraved with serpentine flow fields for gas flow. The serpentine flow fields are located on the side facing the solid acid electrolyte 6. The outer end faces of the anode flow field plate 2.1 and the cathode flow field plate 2.2 are each provided with an end plate 1.
[0024] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the composite anode catalyst layer 4 is sequentially provided with a gas diffusion layer 11, a thermal decomposition catalyst layer 12 and an electrocatalytic catalyst layer 13, and the gas diffusion layer 11 is located on the side facing away from the solid acid electrolyte 6.
[0025] The cathode catalytic layer 7 is provided with a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer (not shown in the figure) in sequence, and the cathode diffusion layer is located on the side opposite to the solid acid electrolyte 6;
[0026] One end plate 1 is provided with an ammonia inlet 8, and the other end plate 1 is provided with an oxygen inlet (not shown in the figure). Ammonia enters the serpentine flow field of the anode flow field plate 2.1 through the ammonia inlet 8, and oxygen enters the serpentine flow field of the cathode flow field plate 2.2 through the oxygen inlet.
[0027] The end plate 1, the anode flow field plate 2.1, the cathode flow field plate 2.2, the composite anode catalyst layer 4, the cathode catalyst layer 7, and the solid acid electrolyte 6 are fixedly assembled together by fastening components (such as screws and nuts).
[0028] The end plate 1 is equipped with a heating device (not shown in the figure), which is a thermocouple heating tube. The heating device heats the end plate 1 to reach the start-up temperature of the ammonia fuel cell.
[0029] It should be noted that the solid acid electrolyte 6 is in the shape of a disc, and is manufactured by pressing into a disc with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The solid acid electrolyte 6 is surrounded by a sealing gasket 5 or the sealing gasket 5 is provided on both sides of the solid acid electrolyte 6. The sealing gasket 5 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The substrate of the end plate 1 is titanium alloy, and the surface of the end plate 1 is gold-plated to achieve the purpose of current collection.
[0030] It should be noted that the cathode diffusion layer is SGL carbon paper with a thickness of 150 μm, and the cathode catalyst layer is composed of Pt / C and CDP, with a Pt loading of 1 mg / cm³. 2 The CDP to Pt / C mass ratio is 2:1. The anode flow field plate 2.1 and the cathode flow field plate 2.2 are made of graphite. Figure 1 As shown, the serpentine flow field is a single channel, and the distribution of the serpentine flow field is uniform. The serpentine flow field consists of a bent flow channel 9 and a ridge 10. The width ratio of the flow channel 9 and the ridge 10 is 1:1. The depth of the flow channel 9 is 0.3 mm and the length is 800 mm.
[0031] The gas diffusion layer 11 is SGL carbon paper with a thickness of 150 μm, and the thermal decomposition catalyst layer 12 is Ru / C and CDP with a Ru loading of 1 mg / cm³. 2 The CDP to Ru / C mass ratio is 2:1, and the electrocatalytic catalyst layer 13 is composed of Pt / C and CDP, with a Pt loading of 1 mg / cm³. 2 The CDP to Pt / C mass ratio is 2:1. The thermal decomposition catalyst layer 12 reacts with ammonia to produce hydrogen, and the electrocatalytic catalyst layer 13 converts the hydrogen into H2O. + .
[0032] Furthermore, the areas of the composite anode catalyst layer 4 and the cathode catalyst layer 7 are larger than those of the solid acid electrolyte 6, the area of the serpentine flow field is greater than or equal to that of the composite anode catalyst layer 4 and the cathode catalyst layer 7, and the area of the end plate 1 is larger than that of the anode flow field plate 2.1 and the cathode flow field plate 2.2.
[0033] Specifically, in some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 As shown, a current collector 3 is provided between the anode flow field plate 2.1 and the end plate 1, and the current collector 3 is also provided between the cathode flow field plate 2.2 and the end plate 1. The current collector 3 is a gold-plated titanium alloy plate.
[0034] Working process: First, the end plate 1 is heated by the heating device to reach the start-up temperature of the ammonia fuel cell. Ammonia gas enters the anode flow field plate 2.1 through the ammonia gas inlet 8 and flows along the serpentine flow channel. The ammonia gas contacts the thermal decomposition catalyst layer 12 through the gas diffusion layer 11 and reacts to produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas then contacts the electrocatalytic catalyst layer 13 to produce H2O. + The generated H + The solid acid electrolyte 6 can enter the cathode catalytic layer 7; oxygen enters the cathode diffusion layer through the oxygen inlet and further enters the cathode catalytic layer, where it reacts with the generated H₂. + A reaction occurs, converting chemical energy into electrical energy.
[0035] In summary, the above-described structure, based on the solid-state acid proton conduction mechanism, rapidly couples the thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonia with the electrocatalytic hydrogenation step, effectively reducing operational problems in ammonia fuel cells and improving system efficiency. It is also structurally compact and reliable, enabling rapid deployment in a small volume.
[0036] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of one or more implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A medium temperature ammonia fuel cell, characterized by include: A solid acid electrolyte, wherein the solid acid electrolyte is cesium dihydrogen phosphate powder, and a composite anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer are respectively provided on the two end faces of the solid acid electrolyte; The outer end face of the composite anode catalyst layer is an anode flow field plate, and the outer end face of the cathode catalyst layer is a cathode flow field plate. The surfaces of the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate are engraved with serpentine flow fields for gas flow. The serpentine flow field is located on the side facing the solid acid electrolyte. The outer end faces of the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate are each provided with an end plate. The composite anode catalyst layer is provided with a gas diffusion layer, a thermal decomposition catalyst layer and an electrocatalytic catalyst layer in sequence, and the gas diffusion layer is located on the side away from the solid acid electrolyte; The cathode catalytic layer is provided with a cathode diffusion layer and a cathode catalytic layer in sequence, and the cathode diffusion layer is located on the side away from the solid acid electrolyte; One end plate is provided with an ammonia inlet, and the other end plate is provided with an oxygen inlet. Ammonia enters the serpentine flow field of the anode flow field plate through the ammonia inlet, and oxygen enters the serpentine flow field of the cathode flow field plate through the oxygen inlet.
2. The medium temperature ammonia fuel cell of claim 1, wherein, A current collector is provided between the anode flow field plate and the end plate, and the current collector is also provided between the cathode flow field plate and the end plate.
3. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid acid electrolyte is surrounded by a sealing gasket.
4. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solid acid electrolyte is in the form of a disc.
5. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end plate is made of titanium alloy as its base material, and its surface is plated with gold.
6. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end plate is equipped with a heating device.
7. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating device is a thermocouple heating tube.
8. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The serpentine flow field is a single channel, and the distribution of the serpentine flow field is uniform.
9. The intermediate-temperature ammonia fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of the composite anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer is larger than that of the solid acid electrolyte, the area of the serpentine flow field is greater than or equal to that of the composite anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, and the area of the end plate is larger than that of the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate.