A multi-stage, upflow and downflow reoxygenation funnel-shaped biological filter

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of water treatment technology, specifically disclosing a multi-stage, upflow and downflow reoxygenation funnel-shaped biological filter. The funnel-shaped biological filter comprises an upflow funnel and a downflow funnel, both wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The upflow funnel has several circumferentially distributed guide holes near its upper edge, and guide wires are suspended from these holes. A sealing plug is provided at the lower opening of the upflow funnel. The upflow and downflow funnels are connected in series at intervals to form funnel groups. Several funnel groups are also connected in series at intervals above the funnel support. This utility model, by connecting the upflow and downflow funnels in series to form funnel groups, and then arranging several funnel groups in series at intervals above the funnel support, effectively increases the contact area and time between surface water and air. It also utilizes a limited elevation difference to achieve multiple exchanges between surface water and deep water, forming multi-stage A / O reactions and achieving multiple reoxygenation effects. It features a simple structure, high reoxygenation mass transfer rate, good denitrification effect, and energy saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water treatment technology, specifically relating to a multi-stage upflow and downflow reoxygenation bucket-shaped biological filter with simple structure, high reoxygenation mass transfer rate, good denitrification effect, and energy saving and consumption reduction. Background Technology

[0002] Aeration equipment is the most energy-intensive facility in a wastewater treatment plant, accounting for over 50% of the plant's total energy consumption. Therefore, aeration and reoxygenation are key areas for energy conservation and cost reduction in wastewater treatment plants. Currently, common aeration methods in wastewater treatment plants are mainly divided into blower aeration and surface aeration. Blower aeration delivers air to the water surface to increase dissolved oxygen, while surface aeration disperses water into the air to increase dissolved oxygen. However, both blower aeration and surface aeration involve the transport of gas and liquid phases, resulting in high energy consumption.

[0003] Since oxygen deficiency in water bodies is often concentrated in the deeper layers, while the dissolved oxygen content in the surface water is high, even saturated, water with high dissolved oxygen content from the surface can be injected into the deeper layers, or water with low dissolved oxygen content from the deeper layers can be transported to the surface for oxygen absorption. The core principle is to enhance vertical mixing of the water body through physical means, utilizing the high oxygen content of the surface water or the reoxygenation capacity of the atmosphere to increase the overall dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Furthermore, the reoxygenation exchange between surface and deep water involves only internal liquid-phase exchange. According to Bernoulli's equation, its energy consumption can theoretically be infinitesimally small, making it an extremely energy-efficient aeration method. Therefore, it holds promise as becoming the most important third aeration method after forced draft aeration and surface aeration.

[0004] In existing technologies, the exchange and reoxygenation of surface water and deep water can be further subdivided into different schemes, such as mechanical power-driven type, non-powered structure type, and solar power-driven type, depending on the implementation method.

[0005] Mechanically driven systems utilize water pumps to provide the main power for directional water transport and exchange and reoxygenate surface and deep water through aeration discs. Although they offer high reoxygenation efficiency, rapid water improvement, and are applicable to water depths greater than 5m, making them quite flexible in application, they also have drawbacks such as the need for a stable power supply for continuous operation, high energy consumption, and the need for regular maintenance of underwater components (pumps and pipes) to prevent blockages, resulting in a significant workload for maintenance.

[0006] Non-powered structural types are designed for water bodies that do not require rapid reoxygenation or where power supply is inconvenient (such as mountain ponds and natural rivers). These systems, such as ditch baffle systems consisting of lower baffles, surface baffles, and upper baffles, allow water to undergo a cycle of "upflow → surface aeration → sinking" as it flows through, improving reoxygenation efficiency through multiple exchanges. Because they rely entirely on hydraulic potential energy, there are no operating costs; and because there is no mechanical disturbance, they avoid interference with aquatic organisms (especially fish spawning areas) and are easy to maintain. However, since their reoxygenation rate depends on the water flow velocity, baffle spacing, and number of units, their single-stage DO lifting capacity is relatively low, making them unsuitable for polluted water bodies requiring urgent oxygenation. Furthermore, the ditch system requires sufficient length (usually >50m) and a drop (>30cm), limiting its use in flat or narrow areas.

[0007] Solar-driven systems are mechanically powered systems that integrate solar photovoltaic panels. While they solve the energy consumption problem and can often simultaneously achieve "oxygenation + algae control + bottom sediment restoration", they also have high initial investment costs for solar panels, batteries and monitoring systems, are difficult to maintain, and require switching to backup power (such as wind power) or operating at reduced frequency during continuous cloudy or rainy days, affecting the continuity of reoxygenation. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a multi-stage upflow and downflow reoxygenation bucket-shaped biological filter with a simple structure, high reoxygenation mass transfer rate, good denitrification effect, and energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0009] The multi-stage upflow and downflow reoxygenation funnel-shaped biological filter of this utility model is implemented as follows: it includes a funnel support, an upflow funnel, and a downflow funnel. Both the upflow and downflow funnels are funnels that are larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The upflow funnel has several guide holes evenly distributed around its circumference near the edge of its upper opening. The upflow funnel has guide wires extending downwards suspended from the guide holes. The lower opening of the upflow funnel is provided with a sealing plug. The upflow and downflow funnels are connected in series at intervals to form a funnel group. Several funnel groups are connected in series at intervals above the funnel support.

[0010] Furthermore, the upstream funnel of the funnel group is positioned above and the downstream funnel is positioned below, with the minimum circumscribed circle diameter of the upper opening of the downstream funnel being greater than the maximum circumscribed circle diameter of several guide wires of the upstream funnel.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper and lower funnels of the funnel group are filled with filler, and the upper funnel of the topmost funnel group above the funnel support is also filled with filler.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the guide wire suspended on the guide hole is no greater than the vertical distance between adjacent upstream and downstream funnels, and the guide wire is made of a flexible hydrophilic material.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical distance between the upstream and downstream funnels within the funnel group is not less than the vertical distance between adjacent funnel groups.

[0014] Furthermore, the upstream funnel is provided with a drain pipe extending to the outside of the upper opening of the funnel, and the opening of the drain pipe at the outside of the upper opening of the downstream funnel of each funnel group is located outside the upper opening of the funnel.

[0015] Furthermore, the drain pipe has an extension pipe connected to one end outside the upper opening of the funnel to form a siphon pipe, or an extension pipe connected to a mechanical sludge removal device.

[0016] Furthermore, the angle formed between the connecting surface of the lowest opening of each guide hole of the upstream funnel and the upper surface of the upper opening of the downstream funnel and the horizontal plane is not greater than 5%.

[0017] Furthermore, the downstream funnel of the lowest funnel group is directly fixed to the funnel support, and the relative positions of adjacent funnel groups and / or the upstream and downstream funnels of the funnel groups are fixed by annular supports.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper opening of the uppermost funnel of the funnel group above the funnel support is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the lower opening of the lowermost funnel of the funnel group below the funnel support is connected with a drain pipe.

[0019] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This utility model mainly consists of core components such as a funnel support, an upstream funnel, and a downstream funnel. Each component has a simple structure and a clear connection method, requiring no complex mechanical devices or precision control systems. Moreover, the upstream and downstream funnels are connected in series at intervals to form a funnel group. Several funnel groups are then connected in series at intervals above the funnel support. This not only simplifies the overall assembly process but also allows for flexible adjustment of the number of funnel groups according to actual needs, adapting to water treatment scenarios of different scales. At the same time, since there are no easily damaged mechanical power components, daily maintenance only requires periodic checks on the stability of the funnel connections and cleaning of excess biofilm adhering to the surface of the packing material, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty and cost, and solving the problem of high maintenance workload for mechanically driven equipment.

[0021] 2. This utility model benefits from a unique multi-stage upflow and downflow design, where the water in the filter forms a circulating flow pattern of "upflow → guide flow → downflow → upflow again," thereby utilizing the limited elevation difference to achieve multiple exchanges between surface water and deep water, forming multi-stage A / O reactions and achieving multiple reoxygenation effects. The liquid surface at the top of the funnel can contact air for reoxygenation on a planar surface, and the guide holes and guide wires of the upflow funnel also allow water to contact air for reoxygenation in the vertical direction. This upgrades from two-dimensional planar reoxygenation to three-dimensional reoxygenation, not only increasing the contact area between water and air but also extending the contact time. Furthermore, the guide wires form a vertical liquid film with a mass transfer efficiency far exceeding that of traditional aeration discs, thus enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and overcoming the low DO lifting capacity of single-stage non-powered structures, rapidly increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water.

[0022] 3. In this invention, the space between the upstream and downstream funnels is filled with packing material, and the topmost upstream funnel is also filled with packing material. This packing material provides ample attachment carriers for microorganisms, enabling the formation of a dense biofilm. When water flows through the packing layer, the difference in dissolved oxygen distribution during the upstream and downstream flow creates different microenvironments such as aerobic and anoxic zones: in the aerobic zone, nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; in the anoxic zone, denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen gas, thus achieving efficient denitrification. Simultaneously, the guide wires and the biofilm on the packing surface can adsorb and degrade organic matter in the water, further improving water purification and solving the problem that traditional aeration technologies only focus on oxygenation and have limited denitrification effects.

[0023] 4. This utility model relies entirely on the gravitational potential energy of the water body itself to achieve upstream and downstream circulation, without the need for mechanical power drive (such as water pumps, aerators, etc.) or auxiliary energy equipment such as solar photovoltaic panels, thus fundamentally reducing energy consumption; compared with solar-driven technology, it avoids the high initial equipment investment and energy instability caused by weather, and is especially suitable for long-term large-scale application.

[0024] 5. Unlike non-powered ditch baffle systems, this funnel-shaped biological filter does not rely on specific terrain drops or long ditch lengths. It achieves efficient reoxygenation through the vertical connection of funnel groups, making it suitable for installation and use in flat areas and confined spaces. Furthermore, its reoxygenation rate can be flexibly adjusted by modifying the number of funnel groups, the type of packing material, and the density of the guide wires. This allows it to meet the daily purification needs of general polluted water bodies as well as address the treatment of polluted water requiring urgent oxygenation, making its applicability far exceed that of traditional non-powered technologies.

[0025] In summary, this utility model achieves efficient reoxygenation and denitrification with zero energy consumption by combining physical structural innovation (guide wire + multi-stage funnel group) with biological reinforcement (packing). With its revolutionary design, it overcomes four major industry pain points: low reoxygenation mass transfer rate, high energy consumption, difficulty in denitrification, and narrow applicability, becoming the third efficient and energy-saving aeration method after blower / surface aeration. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bucket-shaped biological filter structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the upstream funnel structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the downstream funnel of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of the ring-shaped support structure of this utility model;

[0030] In the figure: 1-funnel support, 2-upper flow funnel, 3-lower flow funnel, 4-upper opening of funnel, 5-lower opening of funnel, 6-guide hole, 7-guide wire, 8-sealing plug, 9-packing, 10-drain pipe, 11-ring support. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the multi-stage upflow and downflow reoxygenation funnel-shaped biological filter of this utility model includes a funnel support 1, an upflow funnel 2, and a downflow funnel 3. Both the upflow funnel 2 and the downflow funnel 3 are funnels that are larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The upflow funnel 2 has several guide holes 6 evenly distributed around its circumference near the edge of the upper opening 4. The upflow funnel 2 has guide wires 7 extending downwards suspended from the guide holes 6. The lower opening 5 of the upflow funnel 2 is provided with a sealing plug 8. The upflow funnel 2 and the downflow funnel 3 are connected in series at intervals to form a funnel group. Several funnel groups are connected in series at intervals above the funnel support 1.

[0033] The upper funnel 2 of the funnel group is located at the top and the lower funnel 3 is located at the bottom. The minimum outer diameter of the upper opening 4 of the lower funnel 3 is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the several guide wires 7 of the upper funnel 2.

[0034] The upper funnel 2 and the lower funnel 3 of the funnel group are filled with filler 9, and the upper funnel 2 of the topmost funnel group above the funnel support 1 is also filled with filler 9.

[0035] The packing material 9 includes quartz sand, ceramsite, or other existing flexible or rigid packing materials available in wastewater treatment.

[0036] The length of the guide wire 7 suspended on the guide hole 6 is not greater than the vertical distance between the adjacent upstream funnel 2 and downstream funnel 3, and the guide wire 7 is made of flexible hydrophilic material.

[0037] The vertical distance between the upstream funnel 2 and the downstream funnel 3 in the funnel group is not less than the vertical distance between adjacent funnel groups.

[0038] The upstream funnel 2 is provided with a drain pipe 10 extending to the outside of the funnel opening 4. The end of the drain pipe 10 outside the funnel opening 4 is located outside the funnel opening 4 of the downstream funnel 3 of each funnel group.

[0039] The drain pipe 10 is an empty pipe laid along the inner wall of the upstream funnel 2 and one end extends to the lower opening 5 of the upstream funnel 2.

[0040] The drain pipe 10 has an extension pipe connected to one end outside the upper opening 4 of the funnel to form a siphon pipe, or it is connected to an extension pipe that connects to a mechanical sludge removal device.

[0041] The angles formed by the lowest connecting surfaces of the openings of each guide hole 6 on the inner side of the upstream funnel 2 and the upper surface of the upper opening 4 of the downstream funnel 3 with the horizontal plane are all no greater than 5%. This is to ensure that the guide holes 6 of the upstream funnel 2 are basically on the same horizontal plane, and that the upper surface of the upper opening 4 of the downstream funnel 3 is as flat as possible. Otherwise, the outflowing water may concentrate on one side, reducing the contact time with air and resulting in poor reoxygenation.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the bottom funnel 3 of the lowest funnel group of this utility model is directly fixed on the funnel support 1, and the relative positions of adjacent funnel groups and / or the upper funnel 2 and the lower funnel 3 of the funnel group are fixed by the annular support 11.

[0043] The upper opening 4 of the uppermost funnel 2 in the funnel group above the funnel support 1 is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the lower opening 5 of the lowermost funnel 3 in the funnel group below the funnel support 1 is connected with a drain pipe.

[0044] The working principle and process of this utility model:

[0045] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3 and 4, during operation, wastewater is introduced into the top-level upward funnel 2 through the inlet pipe. Under its own gravity, the water flows out from the guide hole 6 of the top-level upward funnel 2 and drips down along the guide wire 7, realizing the exchange of water and air. In this way, layer by layer from top to bottom, through the upward funnel 2 and downward funnel 3 of each funnel group, a "upward → guide → downward → upward" circulation flow pattern is formed, realizing multiple exchanges between surface water and deep water, ultimately forming a multi-stage A / O reaction and achieving multiple reoxygenation effects, and flowing out from the bottom opening 5 of the downward funnel 3 of the bottom funnel group to the drain pipe, completing the wastewater filtration.

[0046] In the wastewater filtration process of this novel funnel-shaped biological filter, the packing material 9 filling the space between the upstream funnel 2 and the downstream funnel 3 provides ample attachment carriers for microorganisms, enabling the formation of a dense biofilm. As water flows through the packing material 9 layer, the difference in dissolved oxygen distribution during the upstream and downstream flow creates different microenvironments such as aerobic and anoxic zones: in the aerobic zone, nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; in the anoxic zone, denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen gas, thus achieving efficient denitrification. Simultaneously, the biofilm on the surface of the guide wires 7 and the packing material 9 can adsorb and degrade organic matter in the water, further enhancing the water purification effect and solving the problem that traditional aeration technology only focuses on oxygenation and has limited denitrification effects. Furthermore, the guide wires 7 not only increase the contact area between the water and air but also extend the contact time, and their mass transfer efficiency far exceeds that of the vertical liquid film in traditional aeration discs, thereby enhancing the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation tank-type biological filter, characterized by: The funnel includes a funnel support (1), an upper funnel (2), and a lower funnel (3). The upper funnel (2) and the lower funnel (3) are both funnels that are larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The upper funnel (2) has several guide holes (6) evenly distributed around the edge near the top opening (4) of the funnel. The upper funnel (2) has a guide wire (7) that extends downward on the guide holes (6). The lower opening (5) of the upper funnel (2) is provided with a sealing plug (8). The upper funnel (2) and the lower funnel (3) are connected in series at intervals to form a funnel group. Several funnel groups are connected in series at intervals above the funnel support (1).

2. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation type of raceway biological filter according to claim 1, wherein: The upper funnel (2) of the funnel group is located at the top and the lower funnel (3) is located at the bottom. The minimum outer circle diameter of the upper opening (4) of the lower funnel (3) is greater than the maximum outer circle diameter of a number of guide wires (7) of the upper funnel (2).

3. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 2, wherein: The upper funnel (2) and lower funnel (3) of the funnel group are filled with filler (9), and the upper funnel (2) of the top funnel group above the funnel support (1) is also filled with filler (9).

4. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 2, wherein: The length of the guide wire (7) suspended on the guide hole (6) is not greater than the vertical distance between the adjacent upstream funnel (2) and downstream funnel (3), and the guide wire (7) is made of flexible hydrophilic material.

5. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation type of raceway biological filter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The vertical distance between the upstream funnel (2) and the downstream funnel (3) in the funnel group is not less than the vertical distance between adjacent funnel groups.

6. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 5, wherein: The upstream funnel (2) is provided with a drain pipe (10) extending to the outside of the funnel opening (4). The end of the drain pipe (10) outside the funnel opening (4) is located outside the funnel opening (4) of the downstream funnel (3) of each funnel group.

7. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 6, wherein: The drain pipe (10) is connected to an extension pipe at one end outside the upper opening (4) of the funnel to form a siphon pipe, or is connected to an extension pipe that connects to the mechanical sludge discharge device.

8. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 5, wherein: The angle between the connection surface of the lowest end of the opening of each guide hole (6) of the upper funnel (2) and the upper surface of the upper opening (4) of the lower funnel (3) and the horizontal plane is not greater than 5%.

9. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 5, wherein: The bottom funnel (3) of the lowest funnel group is directly fixed on the funnel support (1), and the relative positions of the adjacent funnel groups and / or the upper funnel (2) and the lower funnel (3) of the funnel group are fixed by the ring support (11).

10. The multi-stage upflow-downflow reoxygenation biofilter according to claim 5, wherein: A water inlet pipe is provided at the upper opening (4) of the uppermost funnel (2) of the funnel group above the funnel support (1), and a drain pipe is connected to the lower opening (5) of the lowermost funnel (3) of the funnel group below the funnel support (1).

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