A self-forming frost heave height difference detection device for determining the location of the frost line.

Abstract

A self-forming frost heave difference detection device for determining the location of the frost line. Currently, there is no detection method in the process of frost heave detection of frozen soil that can accurately determine the boundary between the frozen soil layer and the unfrozen soil layer with the cooperation of multiple detection points. In this utility model, several detection units are arranged side by side between a base plate and a top plate. A first rigid plate is fixedly connected to each side of a first flexible connecting piece in the base plate; a second rigid plate is fixedly connected to each side of a second flexible connecting piece in the top plate. The second flexible connecting piece is arranged opposite to the first flexible connecting piece, and the second rigid plate is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first rigid plate. Each second rigid plate is arranged opposite to its corresponding first rigid plate. The top outer wall of each detection unit is detachably connected to the outer wall of the second rigid plate, and the bottom of each detection unit is slidably connected to the adjacent first rigid plate. A frost heave deformation cavity is formed between the bottom surface of the top plate and the top surface of the base plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model specifically relates to a self-forming frost heave height difference detection device for determining the location of the frost line, belonging to the field of frozen soil detection technology. Background Technology

[0002] The frost line is the boundary between frozen and unfrozen soil below ground level. Its depth is called the frost depth, which mainly depends on local climatic conditions, especially temperature and precipitation. In winter, when temperatures drop, the moisture in the soil freezes, forming frozen soil; in spring, as temperatures rise, the frozen soil thaws. In cold regions, the freezing of foundation soil generates frost heave, causing the foundation to arch upwards; after thawing, the foundation settles. This uneven freeze-thaw action can lead to frost damage to buildings, such as deformation, cracking, and tilting. Therefore, in engineering design, foundations are usually required to be buried 200mm below the frost line to avoid the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on buildings. However, the location of the frost line is difficult to pinpoint accurately, mainly because different soil types have different thermal conductivity and water content, which significantly influence the formation and stability of the frost line. For example, sandy soil has high thermal conductivity and is easily permeable, which is unfavorable for the formation of frozen soil; while clay has low thermal conductivity and is not easily permeable, which is favorable for the formation of frozen soil. Furthermore, the ice content and particle composition of the soil also affect the location of the frost line. Existing methods for measuring soil freezing depth mainly rely on manual drilling or the installation of freezing devices. These methods suffer from drawbacks such as low efficiency, discrete data, inability to conduct continuous monitoring, and significant susceptibility to human and environmental factors. Furthermore, they fail to accurately reflect the dynamic changes in the freezing interface under different soil types and moisture contents. Current detection methods are mostly based on single-point testing, lacking continuous data on frost heave in the same area. In particular, there is no standardized approach to handling the boundary between frost heave-affected and non-frost-affected areas. The relative positions between adjacent testing points are not stably fixed, resulting in low linkage between adjacent testing points and inconsistent and unstable distribution of testing points. Consequently, the data from the testing area is incomplete, making it difficult to determine the location of the frost line. In short, there is currently no detection method in the process of frost heave testing that can accurately determine the boundary between the frozen and non-frozen soil layers through multi-point collaborative testing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide a self-forming frost heave height difference detection device for determining the position of the frost line, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A self-forming frost heave height difference detection device for determining the location of the frost line includes a base plate, a top plate, and several detection units. The detection units are arranged side by side between the base plate and the top plate. The base plate includes a first flexible connecting piece and two first rigid plates. The length direction of the first flexible connecting piece is the same as the length direction of the first rigid plates. A first rigid plate is fixedly connected to each side of the first flexible connecting piece. The top plate includes a second flexible connecting piece and two second rigid plates. The length direction of the second flexible connecting piece is the same as the length direction of the second rigid plates. A second rigid plate is fixedly connected to each side of the second flexible connecting piece. The second flexible connecting piece is arranged opposite to the first flexible connecting piece. The second rigid plates are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first rigid plates. Each second rigid plate is arranged opposite to its corresponding first rigid plate. The top outer wall of each detection unit is detachably connected to the outer wall of the second rigid plate, and the bottom of each detection unit is slidably connected to the nearest first rigid plate. A frost heave deformation cavity is formed between the bottom surface of the top plate and the top surface of the base plate.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment: Each detection unit includes a sleeve, an inner support plate, a tension sensor, an elastic element, a first support rod, and a second support rod. The inner support plate is arranged inside the sleeve along the radial direction. The inside of the sleeve is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the inner support plate. The tension sensor is arranged in the upper cavity. The first support rod, the elastic element, and the second support rod are arranged sequentially in the lower cavity along the axial direction of the sleeve. The upper end of the first support rod is connected to the tension sensor, and the lower end of the first support rod is connected to the base plate through the elastic element and the second support rod. The lower end of the sleeve is slidably connected to the base plate. When the soil in the frost heave deformation cavity is in a frost heave state, the lower end of the sleeve and the base plate move towards each other, and the elastic element is in an elongated state.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, each detection unit also includes an external clamping component, which is disposed on the outer wall of the sleeve. The external clamping component is a U-shaped slot body, and the sleeve is detachably connected to the outside of a nearby second rigid plate through the external clamping component.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment: a strip-shaped protrusion is integrally connected to the outer side and / or end of the second rigid plate, and the strip-shaped protrusion is inserted and connected to the outer clamping member.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment: each first rigid plate is provided with several axial slides, the lower end of each axial slide is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first rigid plate, the axial slides are set one-to-one with the detection unit, and each axial slide is slidably engaged with the sleeve of its corresponding detection unit.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, each axial slide is a cylindrical body, with the outer diameter of the cylindrical body matching the inner diameter of the sleeve, and the outer wall of the cylindrical body slidingly engaging with the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment: each axial slide consists of several arc-shaped slides, which are coaxially distributed on the first rigid plate. The outer arc wall of each arc-shaped slide slides in sliding fit with the inner wall of the sleeve, and a vertical gap is formed between two adjacent arc-shaped slides.

[0012] As a preferred option, the top of the sleeve is detachably connected to a top cover, which is positioned directly above the tension sensor.

[0013] As a preferred option, the central axis of the outer clamping member in the width direction is on the same straight line as the central axis of the inner support plate in the width direction.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] This invention utilizes a flexible yet rigid base plate and a top plate that work together to adapt to the deformation detection process of several individual test units on the same structure during frost heave. The base plate, composed of a first flexible connecting piece and two first rigid plates, can deform and rise with frost heave on the same structure. Similarly, the top plate, which is composed of a second flexible connecting piece and two second rigid plates and works in conjunction with the base plate, can adapt to the corresponding position and deform and rise with different amounts of frost heave. This allows for precise measurement of differences at a single measuring point, adapting to the frost heave height difference caused by inconsistent frost heave amounts at the same test location. This facilitates the determination of frost heave differences at the same test location and makes it easier to accurately obtain the location and direction of the frost line.

[0016] By combining multiple of these inventions, the frost heave at different burial depths can be determined, and the boundary between frozen and unfrozen soil can be gradually approached and clarified. These inventions cause minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil, which is conducive to forming a standardized and unified process for determining the frost line. These inventions provide standardized guidance for the location of the frost line in related construction projects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the usage state of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 A front view schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the sleeve, inner support plate and outer clamping component;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure when multiple of these utility models are used together.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention in another usage state;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the top plate;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional structure of the top plate;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the connection between two arc-shaped sliders.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Base plate; 1-2-Axial slide; 1-2-1-Cylindrical body; 1-2-2-Arc-shaped slide; 2-Top plate; 3-Detection unit; 3-1-Sleeve; 3-2-Inner support plate; 3-3-Tension sensor; 3-4-Elastic element; 3-5-First support rod; 3-6-Second support rod; 3-7-Outer clamping part; 4-Frost heave deformation cavity; 5-Top cover; 6-Soil; 7-Strip protrusion; 11-First flexible connecting piece; 12-First rigid plate; 21-Second flexible connecting piece; 22-Second rigid plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 10This embodiment describes a multi-point linkage detection device for determining the freezing line, comprising a base plate 1, a top plate 2, and several detection units 3. The detection units 3 are arranged side-by-side between the base plate 1 and the top plate 2. The base plate 1 includes a first flexible connecting piece 11 and two first rigid plates 12. The length direction of the first flexible connecting piece 11 is the same as the length direction of the first rigid plates 12. A first rigid plate 12 is fixedly connected to each side of the first flexible connecting piece 11. The top plate 2 includes a second flexible connecting piece 21 and two second rigid plates 22. The length direction of the second flexible connecting piece 21 is... Along the same length direction as the second rigid plate 22, a second rigid plate 22 is fixedly connected to each side of the second flexible connecting piece 21. The second flexible connecting piece 21 is arranged opposite to the first flexible connecting piece 11, and the second rigid plate 22 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first rigid plate 12. Each second rigid plate 22 is arranged opposite to its corresponding first rigid plate 12. The top outer wall of each detection unit 3 is detachably connected to the outer wall of the second rigid plate 22, and the bottom of each detection unit 3 is slidably connected to the first rigid plate 12 that is close to it. A freeze-thaw deformation cavity 4 is formed between the bottom surface of the top plate 2 and the top surface of the base plate 1.

[0030] In this embodiment, the arrangement position and density of multiple detection units 3 can be adjusted according to specific requirements, and the connection configuration can be equidistant or unequal according to the specific corresponding arrangement density requirements.

[0031] In this embodiment, two first rigid plates 12 and two second rigid plates 22 correspond one-to-one to form contact plates for clamping the soil 6. The first flexible connecting piece 11 and the second flexible connecting piece 21 are transition plates. The first flexible connecting piece 11 and the second flexible connecting piece 21 are configured to adapt to various deformation directions such as stretching and lifting when there are differences in frost heave at the same detection position, thereby forming two small measuring points adapted to the same position.

[0032] In this embodiment, the detection unit 3 has a slender shape to reduce the footprint of the detection structure and form a compact detection structure. Both the base plate 1 and the top plate 2 are first rigid plates 12. The bottom surface of the top plate 2 and the top surface of the base plate 1 are the contact points directly contacting the soil 6, forming upper and lower contact components adapted to the detection unit 3, which transmit the distance of frost heave deformation of the soil 6. When used individually, this invention can, through the cooperation of one base plate 1 and one top plate 2 with multiple detection units 3, complete the acquisition of different degrees of frost heave height differences at the same detection location. This facilitates detailed processing of the detection area, helps detect and discover subtle differences in frost heave amount, and thus clarifies the location of the frost line.

[0033] In this embodiment, the specific number of detection units 3 is determined according to the requirements of the specific testing area. The arrangement of detection units 3 is uniform or non-uniform along the circumference of the base plate 1. The density of the arrangement depends on the specific testing requirements. For soil areas with high moisture content, a dense arrangement is adopted according to the specifications, and for soil areas with low moisture content, a sparse arrangement is adopted according to the specifications. Detection unit 3 is the detection component for actually detecting the frost heave distance of frozen soil.

[0034] In this embodiment, each detection unit 3 includes a sleeve 3-1, an inner support plate 3-2, a tension sensor 3-3, an elastic element 3-4, a first support rod 3-5, and a second support rod 3-6. The sleeve 3-1 has two structural forms: one is a circular tube, and the other is a square tube with a circular inner tube. The square tube with a circular inner tube is a square column with a circular hole processed along its axial direction. This structural form can not only adapt to other components to achieve the effect of flat outer wall, which makes it easy to reduce connection difficulty, but also cooperate with the base plate 1 to achieve a stable sliding process.

[0035] In this embodiment, the inner support plate 3-2 is a circular plate, built into the sleeve 3-1, used to separate the interior of the sleeve 3-1 and provide a space for the tension sensor 3-3 to be placed inside. The inner support plate 3-2 is arranged in the sleeve 3-1 along the radial direction. The interior of the sleeve 3-1 is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the inner support plate 3-2. The tension sensor 3-3 is placed in the upper cavity. The first support rod 3-5, the elastic element 3-4, and the second support rod 3-6 are arranged sequentially in the lower cavity along the axial direction of the sleeve 3-1. The upper end of the first support rod 3-5 passes through... The inner support plate 3-2 is connected to the tension sensor 3-3. The lower end of the first support rod 3-5 is connected to the base plate 1 via the elastic element 3-4 and the second support rod 3-6. The lower end of the sleeve 3-1 is slidably connected to the base plate 1. When the soil 6 in the frost heave deformation cavity 4 is in a frost heave state, the frost heave causes the soil space in that area to increase. The soil 6 in the frost heave deformation cavity 4 presses against the bottom surface of the top plate 2 and the top surface of the base plate 1 respectively. The lower end of the sleeve 3-1 and the base plate 1 move towards each other, and the elastic element 3-4 is in an extended state. The elastic element 3-4 is specifically a spring. In this embodiment, the structure of the detection unit 3 is used to detect frost heave in soil areas with large spans or depths.

[0036] In this embodiment, the base plate 1 is a movable plate, and the top plate 2 is a fixed plate connected to the detection unit 3. The amount of frost heave deformation between the base plate 1 and the top plate 2 is obtained by detection unit 3.

[0037] In this embodiment, both the first flexible connecting piece 11 and the second flexible connecting piece 21 are existing tear-resistant fabric products. The width of the first flexible connecting piece 11 is smaller than the width of the first rigid plate 12, and the width of the second flexible connecting piece 21 is smaller than the width of the second rigid plate 22, to provide sufficient clamping space for the soil 6 being tested. Both the first flexible connecting piece 11 and the second flexible connecting piece 21 can be adapted to different elevation deformations with varying frost heave at the same location, providing favorable deformation conditions for accurate frost heave measurement.

[0038] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One. In this implementation method, another structural form of the detection monomer 3 is used to detect frost heave in soil areas with small spans or depths. In this embodiment, another structural form of the detection unit 3 includes a sleeve 3-1, an inner support plate 3-2, a tension sensor 3-3, an elastic element 3-4, and a second support rod 3-6. The first support rod 3-5 is removed, allowing direct connection between the elastic element 3-4 and the tension sensor 3-3. The sleeve 3-1 has two structural forms: a circular tube and a square-inner-circle tube. The square-inner-circle tube is a square column with a circular hole machined along its axial direction. This structural form can adapt to other components, achieving a smooth outer wall that reduces connection difficulty, and can also cooperate with the base plate 1 to achieve a stable sliding process. (The last sentence is a repetition of the previous one and can be omitted.)

[0039] Specific Implementation Method 3: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method 1 or 2. In this implementation method, each detection unit 3 also includes an external clamping member 3-7. The external clamping member 3-7 is disposed on the outer wall of the sleeve 3-1. The external clamping member 3-7 is a U-shaped slot body. The sleeve 3-1 is detachably connected to the outer side of a second rigid plate 22 that is close to it through the external clamping member 3-7.

[0040] When the sleeve 3-1 is a circular tube, the corresponding external clamping member 3-7 is formed by machining an arc-shaped notch and a slot on both sides of the rectangular plate. One side of the rectangular plate is machined with an arc-shaped notch that matches the outer diameter of the sleeve 3-1. The arc-shaped notch is fastened to the outer wall of the sleeve 3-1 by welding or other fixed connection. The other side of the rectangular plate is machined with a slot, which is used to provide a convenient insertion position for the top plate 2. The edge of the top plate 2 is inserted into the slot, so that the detection unit 3 and the top plate 2 are stably connected.

[0041] When the sleeve 3-1 is a square tube with a round inner diameter, the corresponding external clamping member 3-7 has a slot formed on one side of the rectangular plate. The rectangular plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve 3-1 on the side facing the sleeve 3-1. The other side of the rectangular plate has a slot, which is used to provide a convenient insertion position for the top plate 2. The edge of the top plate 2 is inserted into the slot, so that the detection unit 3 and the top plate 2 are stably connected.

[0042] After the detection unit 3 and the top plate 2 are connected, screws or other existing connectors are inserted through the thickness direction of the top plate 2 to further fix the positional relationship between the top plate 2 and the outer clamping parts 3-7.

[0043] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method Three. In this implementation method, a strip-shaped protrusion 7 is integrally connected to the outer side and / or end of the second rigid plate 22. The strip-shaped protrusion 7 is inserted and connected to the outer clamping member 3-7. The shape of the second rigid plate 22 is matched with the shape of the first rigid plate 12. The strip-shaped protrusion 7 is provided on the second rigid plate 22. There are three specific configuration forms: one is that a strip-shaped protrusion 7 is provided on the outer side of the second rigid plate 22; the second is that a strip-shaped protrusion 7 is provided on the outer edge of each end of the second rigid plate 22; the third is that a strip-shaped protrusion 7 is processed on the two outer edges and the two end outer edges of the second rigid plate 22, and the strip-shaped protrusion 7 is inserted and connected to the outer clamping member 3-7.

[0044] The thickness of the aforementioned strip-shaped protrusion 7 is less than the thickness of the top plate 2. The thickness of the strip-shaped protrusion 7 is set to match the width of the slot, and the width of the strip-shaped protrusion 7 is set to match the depth of the slot.

[0045] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, or Four, combined with... Figures 8-10 As shown, in this embodiment, the base plate 1 includes a first rigid plate 12 and a plurality of axial slides 1-2. The plurality of axial slides 1-2 are arranged on the first rigid plate 12. The lower end of each axial slide 1-2 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first rigid plate 12. The axial slides 1-2 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the detection unit 3. Each axial slide 1-2 is slidably engaged with the sleeve 3-1 of its corresponding detection unit 3.

[0046] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method Five, combined with... Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, each axial slide 1-2 is a cylindrical body 1-2-1. The outer diameter of the cylindrical body 1-2-1 is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve 3-1, and the outer wall of the cylindrical body 1-2-1 is slidably matched with the inner wall of the sleeve 3-1.

[0047] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, Four, or Five, combined with... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, each axial slide 1-2 is composed of several arc-shaped slide pieces 1-2-2. The several arc-shaped slide pieces 1-2-2 are coaxially distributed on the first rigid plate 12. The outer arc wall of each arc-shaped slide piece 1-2-2 slides in a sliding fit with the inner wall of the sleeve 3-1. A vertical gap is formed between two adjacent arc-shaped slide pieces 1-2-2.

[0048] The arc-shaped slider 1-2-2 structure in this embodiment can reduce the sliding contact area between the axial slide block 1-2 and the detection unit 3, improve the accuracy of frost heave deformation transmission, and reduce interference in the frost heave transmission process.

[0049] In this embodiment, the two types of axial sliding blocks 1-2 can be used simultaneously or one of them can be used at a time, depending on the properties of the soil 6 to be tested and the specific testing requirements.

[0050] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, or Seven. In this implementation method, the top end of the sleeve 3-1 is detachably connected to an upper cover 5, which is located directly above the tension sensor 3-3. The detachable connection of the upper cover 5 facilitates the protection of the tension sensor 3-3 and also makes it easy to disassemble and perform maintenance on the tension sensor 3-3.

[0051] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Methods One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, or Eight. The central axis of the outer clamping member 3-7 in the width direction is on the same straight line as the central axis of the inner support plate 3-2 in the width direction. This setting can ensure the accuracy of the acquisition of frost heave deformation data during the detection process of this utility model, and form a unified internal and external reference position for detection. The soil 6 frosts between the base plate 1 and the top plate 2. The base plate 1, the top plate 2, and several detection units 3 cooperate to frost heave deformation through the reference area formed between the base plate 1 and the top plate 2, which is conducive to the accurate acquisition and detection of frost heave deformation data by the detection units 3.

[0052] The testing process for this utility model is as follows:

[0053] Based on existing geological data, the depth of the unfrozen soil layer in the test area is obtained. According to the test accuracy requirements, a tension sensor 3-3 with the corresponding accuracy is selected, followed by the corresponding detection unit 3. A hole is excavated, and the bottom of the hole is manually leveled. The present invention is then placed in the hole, and the original soil is backfilled in layers into the frost heave deformation cavity 4. The tension sensor 3-3 is activated, and the tension value of the tension sensor 3-3 is recorded as F0. When the frozen soil layer where the detection unit 3 is located moves upward under the influence of frost heave deformation, the elastic element 3-4 is stretched. The tension value of the tension sensor 3-3 is then recorded as F1. The amount of frost heave deformation is the ratio of the difference between F1 and F0 to the elastic coefficient of the elastic element 3-4. The data is recorded, and the tension sensor 3-3 is turned off.

[0054] In practical use, this utility model estimates the location of the frost line based on local geological conditions. Multiple selectable areas can be identified, with a corresponding number of measuring points for each area. These measuring points are then pre-installed. When the distance between measuring points is large, one measuring point can be placed at each point. When the distance is small, adjacent measuring points can be placed close together or at predetermined intervals, forming a multi-point joint detection process. The frost heave amount recorded by this utility model at each measuring point within the test area is summarized. A three-dimensional image of the planar position of each measuring point and its frost heave deformation, along with its trend over time, is plotted. If the frost heave deformation is excessive in a localized area of ​​the test area, it indicates that the soil moisture content in that area is too high. Corresponding technical measures can be taken to reduce the impact of frost heave. Analysis of the maximum, minimum, and average values ​​of frost heave obtained through this utility model comprehensively evaluates the frost heave situation of the frost heave layer within the test area. The summary of data from multiple measuring points allows for the determination of the boundary between frozen and non-frozen soil areas, i.e., the location of the frost line. Once the location of the frost line is accurately determined, the appropriate foundation treatment method can be applied.

Claims

1. A self-forming frost heave elevation detection device for determining the position of a frost line, characterized by: The system includes a base plate (1), a top plate (2), and several detection units (3). The several detection units (3) are arranged side by side between the base plate (1) and the top plate (2). The base plate (1) includes a first flexible connecting piece (11) and two first rigid plates (12). The length direction of the first flexible connecting piece (11) is the same as the length direction of the first rigid plate (12). A first rigid plate (12) is fixedly connected to each side of the first flexible connecting piece (11). The top plate (2) includes a second flexible connecting piece (21) and two second rigid plates (22). The length direction of the second flexible connecting piece (21) is the same as the length direction of the second rigid plate (22). In the same direction, a second rigid plate (22) is fixedly connected to each side of the second flexible connecting piece (21). The second flexible connecting piece (21) is arranged opposite to the first flexible connecting piece (11), and the second rigid plate (22) is arranged one-to-one with the first rigid plate (12). Each second rigid plate (22) is arranged opposite to its corresponding first rigid plate (12). The top outer wall of each detection unit (3) is detachably connected to the outer wall of the second rigid plate (22), and the bottom of each detection unit (3) is slidably connected to the first rigid plate (12) it is close to. A freeze-thaw deformation cavity (4) is formed between the bottom surface of the top plate (2) and the top surface of the base plate (1).

2. The self-forming frost heave differential detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each detection unit (3) includes a sleeve (3-1), an inner support plate (3-2), a tension sensor (3-3), an elastic element (3-4), a first support rod (3-5), and a second support rod (3-6). The inner support plate (3-2) is arranged inside the sleeve (3-1) along the radial direction of the sleeve (3-1). The sleeve (3-1) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the inner support plate (3-2). The tension sensor (3-3) is arranged in the upper cavity. The first support rod (3-5), the elastic element (3-4), and the second support rod (3-6) are arranged in the upper cavity. The first support rod (3-5) is arranged sequentially in the lower cavity along the axial direction of the sleeve (3-1). The upper end of the first support rod (3-5) is connected to the tension sensor (3-3). The lower end of the first support rod (3-5) is connected to the base plate (1) through the elastic element (3-4) and the second support rod (3-6). The lower end of the sleeve (3-1) is slidably connected to the base plate (1). When the soil (6) in the frost heave deformation cavity (4) is in a frost heave state, the lower end of the sleeve (3-1) and the base plate (1) move towards each other, and the elastic element (3-4) is in an elongated state.

3. A self-forming frost heave differential detection device for determining the position of a freeze line according to claim 2, wherein: Each detection unit (3) also includes an external clamp (3-7), which is disposed on the outer wall of the sleeve (3-1). The external clamp (3-7) is a U-shaped slot body. The sleeve (3-1) is detachably connected to the outside of a second rigid plate (22) nearby through the external clamp (3-7).

4. The self-forming frost heave differential detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side and / or end of the second rigid plate (22) are integrally connected with a strip-shaped protrusion (7), and the strip-shaped protrusion (7) is inserted and connected to the outer clamping member (3-7).

5. The self-forming frost heave detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each first rigid plate (12) is provided with several axial slides (1-2). The lower end of each axial slide (1-2) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first rigid plate (12). The axial slides (1-2) are set one-to-one with the detection unit (3). Each axial slide (1-2) is slidably engaged with the sleeve (3-1) of its corresponding detection unit (3).

6. A self-forming frost heave detection device for determining the position of a frost line according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each axial slide (1-2) is a cylindrical body (1-2-1). The outer diameter of the cylindrical body (1-2-1) is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve (3-1), and the outer wall of the cylindrical body (1-2-1) slides with the inner wall of the sleeve (3-1).

7. The self-forming frost heave detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each axial slide (1-2) is composed of several arc-shaped slides (1-2-2). The several arc-shaped slides (1-2-2) are coaxially distributed on the first hard plate (12). The outer arc wall of each arc-shaped slide (1-2-2) slides in fit with the inner wall of the sleeve (3-1). A vertical gap is formed between two adjacent arc-shaped slides (1-2-2).

8. The self-forming frost heave detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the sleeve (3-1) is detachably connected to a cover (5), which is located directly above the tension sensor (3-3).

9. The self-forming frost heave detection device for determining the position of the freezing level according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axis of the outer clamping member (3-7) in the width direction is on the same straight line as the central axis of the inner support plate (3-2) in the width direction.

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