A laser processing mechanism
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HANS PHOTONICS LASER TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
Smart Images
Figure CN224463899U_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Cross-references
[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411156934.4, filed on August 22, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0003] This application belongs to the field of laser processing technology, and more specifically, relates to a laser processing mechanism. Background Technology
[0004] In laser processing, the laser beam is typically focused onto the workpiece surface by a series of mirrors, taking advantage of the highest energy at the laser focal point to process the workpiece.
[0005] However, with the development of the manufacturing industry and the market demand for high-precision products, the publicly available laser processing mechanisms cannot yet meet the requirements of high precision and advanced technology. Therefore, how to improve the quality of laser processing is still an urgent issue to be addressed. Utility Model Content
[0006] This application provides a laser processing mechanism that can improve the quality of laser processing.
[0007] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: a laser processing mechanism is provided, comprising: a laser and a processing head; the processing head is provided with a collimating lens group and a focusing lens group, the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group being spaced apart along a first direction, the processing head and the laser are connected, and the laser emitted by the laser is emitted from the processing head along the first direction through the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group; a driving member is disposed on the processing head, the driving member driving the collimating lens group and / or the focusing lens group, the driving member being configured to drive the collimating lens group and / or the focusing lens group to reciprocate along the first direction at a preset frequency, so that the focal point of the laser reciprocates along the first direction at a preset frequency; wherein, the preset frequency is greater than or equal to 5Hz and less than or equal to 500Hz.
[0008] The driving component includes a stator and a mover, both of which are cylindrical hollow structures. The stator is sleeved on the outside of the mover and slidably connected to the mover. The collimating lens group or focusing lens group is disposed on the inside of the mover and connected to the mover. The mover is configured to reciprocate along a first direction at a preset frequency under the action of the electromagnetic force of the stator.
[0009] The collimating lens group or focusing lens group and the mover are integrally formed.
[0010] The driving component includes a first stator, a second stator, a first mover, and a second mover. The first stator, the second stator, the first mover, and the second mover are all cylindrical hollow structures. The first stator and the second stator are spaced apart along a first direction. The first mover is located inside the first stator and is movably connected to the first stator. The second mover is located inside the second stator and is slidably connected to the second stator. The collimating lens group is located inside the first mover and is connected to the first mover. The focusing lens group is located inside the second mover and is connected to the second mover. The first mover and / or the second mover are configured to reciprocate along the first direction at a preset frequency based on the action of electromagnetic force.
[0011] The laser processing mechanism includes a lead screw and a slider. The lead screw is connected to a drive component for transmission. The slider is sleeved on the lead screw. A collimating lens group or a focusing lens group is fixed to the slider. The rotational speed and thread pitch of the lead screw are configured so that the slider can reciprocate along a first direction at a preset frequency under the rotation of the lead screw.
[0012] The collimating lens group or focusing lens group and the slider are integrally formed.
[0013] The focal point of the laser moves back and forth at a preset frequency with a movement amplitude greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.
[0014] The collimating lens group has a collimating focal length, and the focusing lens group has a focusing focal length. The ratio of the focusing focal length to the collimating focal length is 0.5 to 5.
[0015] The collimating focal length is greater than or equal to 50mm and less than or equal to 300mm, and the focusing focal length is greater than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 600mm.
[0016] The preset frequencies include 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz, or 150Hz.
[0017] The processing head is also equipped with a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror. The first protective mirror is located on the side of the collimating lens group away from the focusing lens group along the first direction, and the second protective mirror is located on the side of the focusing lens group away from the collimating lens group along the first direction. The laser processing mechanism also includes an air jet, which is located on the processing head and is used to spray protective gas to blow away the residue at the laser processing site.
[0018] In the laser processing mechanism provided in this application, the laser beam emitted by the laser is emitted through the processing head for processing the workpiece. The dimming mirror group set on the processing head is used to adjust the laser beam emitted by the laser so that the laser is focused in the desired first direction and emitted along the first direction for processing the workpiece.
[0019] In this application, the dimming mirror group is driven by a driving component to drive the dimming mirror group to reciprocate along the first direction. This reciprocating movement is the motion state of the dimming mirror group during normal operation of the laser processing mechanism, thereby controlling the focal point of the laser emitted from the processing head to also be in a reciprocating state along the first direction. When the laser acts on the workpiece, a high-frequency oscillating light spot along the first direction is generated on the workpiece.
[0020] Furthermore, since laser energy exhibits a Gaussian distribution and a hyperbola in its propagation direction, with the highest energy density at the focal point, controlling the reciprocating movement of the laser focal point can improve the utilization rate of the high-energy-density spot. Since cutting speed is determined by energy density—higher energy density results in faster cutting speed—the reciprocating movement of the laser spot on the workpiece can increase the cutting speed. Simultaneously, the reciprocating movement of the laser spot causes the spot size on the workpiece to change synchronously at a high frequency. In laser cutting, this can widen the kerf width, facilitating slag removal and improving slag adhesion and delamination issues on the workpiece. In laser welding, it can improve the stability of the molten pool's keyholes, reduce porosity defects, and enhance welding uniformity. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser processing mechanism for driving the drive unit and collimating lens group as provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0023] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser processing mechanism for driving the connection between the driving component and the focusing lens group, as provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the linear motor and the collimating lens assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the linear motor, the collimating lens group, and the focusing lens group provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 5 This is a rendering of a welded copper workpiece without using a reciprocating motion control focus.
[0027] Figure 6 This is a rendering of the welding effect on a copper workpiece when using the reciprocating movement control focus scheme provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0028] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of a stainless steel workpiece being cut when the driving component used in the embodiments of this application drives the dimming lens group to reciprocate at a frequency of 50Hz.
[0029] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a stainless steel workpiece being cut when the driving component used in this embodiment drives the dimming lens group to reciprocate at a frequency of 100Hz.
[0030] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of a stainless steel workpiece being cut when the driving component used in this application drives the dimming lens group to reciprocate at a frequency of 300Hz.
[0031] Figure 10 A flowchart of a laser processing method for a laser processing mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0032] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:
[0033] 10. Laser processing mechanism; 100. Laser; 200. Processing head; 210. Dimming lens group; 211. Collimating lens group; 212. Focusing lens group; 220. First protective lens; 230. Second protective lens; 300. Driving component; 310. Linear motor; 311. Stator; 312. Mover; 313. First mover; 314. First stator; 315. Second mover; 316. Second stator. Detailed Implementation
[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0035] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.
[0036] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0038] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The laser processing mechanism 10 provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described. The laser processing mechanism 10 provided in the embodiments of this application includes a laser 100, a processing head 200, and a driving member 300. The processing head 200 is provided with a dimming mirror group 210. The processing head 200 is connected to the laser 100. The laser emitted by the laser 100 is emitted from the processing head 200 along a first direction through the dimming mirror group 210. The driving member 300 is disposed on the processing head 200. The driving member 300 drives the dimming mirror group 210 to reciprocate along the first direction, so that the focal point of the laser reciprocates along the first direction.
[0039] In this embodiment, the first direction is denoted as X, which can be understood as the desired light output direction. In the laser processing mechanism 10 provided in this embodiment, the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 is emitted through the processing head 200 for processing the workpiece. The dimming mirror group 210 disposed in the processing head 200, specifically disposed inside the processing head 200, is used to adjust the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 so that the laser is focused in the desired first direction and emitted along the first direction for processing the workpiece.
[0040] In this application, the dimming mirror group 210 is driven by the driving component 300 to drive the dimming mirror group 210 to reciprocate along the first direction. This reciprocating movement is the motion state of the dimming mirror group 210 during normal operation of the laser processing mechanism 10, thereby controlling the focal point of the laser emitted by the processing head 200 to also be in a reciprocating state along the first direction. When the laser acts on the workpiece, a high-frequency oscillating light spot along the first direction is generated on the workpiece.
[0041] Furthermore, since laser energy exhibits a Gaussian distribution and a hyperbola in its propagation direction, with the highest energy density at the focal point, controlling the reciprocating movement of the laser focal point can improve the utilization rate of the high-energy-density spot. Since cutting speed is determined by energy density—higher energy density means faster cutting speed—the reciprocating movement of the laser spot on the workpiece can increase the cutting speed. Simultaneously, the reciprocating movement of the laser spot causes the spot size on the workpiece to change synchronously at a high frequency. In laser cutting, this can widen the kerf width, facilitating slag removal and improving slag adhesion and delamination issues on the workpiece. In laser welding, it can improve the stability of the molten pool's pinholes, reduce porosity defects, and enhance welding uniformity.
[0042] It should be noted that the drive unit 300 can be any drive unit that meets the requirements of high-frequency reciprocating drive, such as a servo motor, linear motor or stepper motor, or a drive module.
[0043] Furthermore, the dimming lens group 210 in the above embodiment includes a collimating lens group 211 and a focusing lens group 212, which are spaced apart along a first direction. The laser emitted by the laser 100 passes through the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 in sequence. The driving member 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate along the first direction. The collimating lens group 211 is used to amplify the laser beam, and the focusing lens group 212 is used to focus the laser beam. Based on the functions and coordination of the two lens groups, embodiments of this application may include three driving configurations: the driving unit 300 may drive the collimating lens group 211 to reciprocate along a first direction, while the focusing lens group 212 is fixed; the driving unit 300 may also drive the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate along the first direction, while the collimating lens group 211 is fixed; the driving unit 300 may also drive the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate synchronously along the first direction. The three driving configurations of the driving unit 300 will be described in turn below.
[0044] Please see Figure 1In this configuration, when the driving element 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 to reciprocate along the first direction, and the focusing lens group 212 is fixedly installed, as the driving element 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 away from the focusing lens group 212 along the first direction, that is, as the collimating lens group 211 gradually approaches the laser 100, the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 is amplified by the collimating lens group 211 and emitted as a laser beam gradually decreases, and then the distance between the focal point focused by the focusing lens group 212 and the focusing lens group 212 gradually increases. Conversely, as the driving element 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 towards the focusing lens group 212 along the first direction, that is, as the collimating lens group 211 gradually moves away from the laser 100, the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 is amplified by the collimating lens group 211 and emitted as a laser beam gradually increases, and then the distance between the focal point focused by the focusing lens group 212 and the focusing lens group 212 gradually decreases. Thus, the laser spot acting on the workpiece is in a high-frequency oscillation state along the first direction, which can be used to improve the laser processing quality mentioned above.
[0045] Please see Figure 2 Similarly, when the driving member 300 drives the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate along the first direction, and the collimating lens group 211 is fixed, during the process of the driving member 300 driving the focusing lens group 212 away from the collimating lens group 211 along the first direction, the focusing lens group 212 is also synchronously moving away from the laser 100. The distance between the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 and the collimating lens group 211 gradually increases. Conversely, during the process of the driving member 300 driving the focusing lens group 212 closer to the collimating lens group 211 along the first direction, the focusing lens group 212 is also synchronously moving closer to the laser 100. The distance between the focal point of the laser beam emitted by the laser 100 and the collimating lens group 211 gradually decreases. Thus, the laser spot acting on the workpiece oscillates at a high frequency along the first direction, which can also be used to improve the aforementioned laser processing quality. Specifically, the reciprocating movement distance of the focusing lens group 212 driven by the driving component 300 is equal to the movement distance of the laser focal point; in other words, the actual movement distance of the focusing lens group 212 is equal to the actual movement distance of the laser focal point.
[0046] Of course, the effect of driving the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate synchronously along the first direction is the same as driving the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate along the first direction while the collimating lens group 211 is fixed. That is, the reciprocating frequency and amplitude of the resulting focal point are equal to the reciprocating frequency and amplitude of the focusing lens group 212. In the setting where the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 are driven to reciprocate synchronously along the first direction by the driving member 300, the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 can be fixedly connected and then driven by the driving member 300; or the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 can both be driven by the driving member 300 in a way that allows them to be driven synchronously.
[0047] The driving component 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 to reciprocate along the first direction, while the focusing lens group 212 is fixed in place. The amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the focal point is functionally related to the amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the collimating lens group 211, meaning the amplitudes are not directly equal. Taking a commonly used focusing formula for a certain processing head 200, y = 0.001187x² + 0.2507x + 0.02984, as an example, if the collimating lens group 211 moves 1mm, the focal point will move approximately 4mm. Of course, each processing head 200 has a relatively definite focusing relationship, so by determining the required amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the focal point, the relevant control parameters for the reciprocating movement amplitude of the corresponding collimating lens group 211 can be formulated.
[0048] It should be noted that the frequency at which the driving component 300 drives the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate is related to the type of processing technology. For example, the reciprocating frequency of the laser focus required for the cutting process is generally higher than that required for the welding process. The amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the laser focus is related to the processing depth. For example, in the cutting process, the thicker the workpiece needs to be cut, the greater the amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the laser focus should be. Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the amplitude of the reciprocating movement of the laser focus is taken as being equal to the processing depth value.
[0049] The reciprocating movement amplitude of the laser focus at a preset frequency (e.g., reciprocating at a preset frequency of 5Hz to 500Hz) described in the above embodiments is greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 10mm. Specifically, as described in the above embodiments, the reciprocating movement amplitude of the focus is related to the reciprocating movement amplitude of the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212. If the reciprocating movement amplitude of the focus is too high, it will affect the motion stability of the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212, and will also increase the overall volume of the processing head 200, and may even increase the risk of damage to the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212. If the reciprocating movement amplitude of the laser focus at the preset frequency is small, its improvement on processing quality is not significant. Therefore, under the premise of meeting the processing requirements, the reciprocating movement amplitude of the focal point at a preset frequency is set to be greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 10mm. For example, this reciprocating movement amplitude can be set to actual values greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 10mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, or 10mm. This can effectively improve the working stability and processing quality of the processing head 200, while also effectively reducing the overall size of the processing head 200. Of course, the actual reciprocating movement amplitude of the focal point can be set to be greater than its movement amplitude at the preset frequency, which will not be elaborated on here.
[0050] The collimating lens group 211 described in the above embodiments has a collimating focal length, and the focusing lens group 212 described in the above embodiments has a focusing focal length. The ratio of the focusing focal length to the collimating focal length is 0.5 to 5. For example, the ratio of the focusing focal length to the collimating focal length can be an actual value between 0.5 and 5, such as 0.5, 1, 1.35, 2, 3, 5, etc. In this way, while ensuring that the laser has a large divergence angle, the size of the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 is taken into account, as well as the distance between the processing head 200 and the workpiece.
[0051] The collimating focal length described in the above embodiments can be set to be greater than or equal to 50mm and less than or equal to 300mm, and the focusing focal length described in the above embodiments can be set to be greater than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 600mm. Specifically, the collimating focal length of the collimating lens group 211 can be selected from 50mm, 75mm, 100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, and 300mm. Correspondingly, the focusing focal length of the focusing lens group 212 can be 100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, and 600mm.
[0052] For example, the combination of focusing lens group 212 and collimating lens group 211 may include any of the following groups:
[0053] The focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 200mm, and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 200mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 200mm, and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 300mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 200mm, and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 300mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 250mm, and the collimating lens group 211 has a focal length of 250mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 250mm, and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 300mm. The focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 250mm and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 400mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 300mm and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 300mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 300mm and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 100mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 400mm and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 200mm; the focusing lens group 212 has a focusing focal length of 400mm and the collimating lens group 211 has a collimating focal length of 80mm.
[0054] The diameter of the collimating lens group 211 described in the above embodiments is greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 60 mm. For example, actual values of 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, etc., which are greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 60 mm, can be selected. Similarly, the diameter of the focusing lens group 212 described in the above embodiments is greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 60 mm. For example, actual values of 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, etc., which are greater than or equal to 20 mm and less than or equal to 60 mm, can be selected.
[0055] Please refer to further reading. Figure 3 Taking the driving component 300 driving and connecting the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 as an example, the driving component 300 described in the above embodiment includes a linear motor 310. The linear motor 310 includes a stator 311 and a mover 312. Both the stator 311 and the mover 312 are cylindrical hollow structures. The stator 311 is sleeved on the outside of the mover 312 and is slidably connected to the mover 312. The collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 is disposed on the inside of the mover 312 and is connected to the mover 312. The mover 312 is configured to reciprocate along the first direction at a preset frequency described in any embodiment of this document under the action of the electromagnetic force of the stator 311.
[0056] Specifically, the drive unit 300 is configured as a linear motor 310, and the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 is directly mounted on the mover 312. The collimating lens group 211, the focusing lens group 212, the mover 312, and the stator 311 are coaxially arranged. Under the action of the electromagnetic force of the columnar stator, the mover 312 drives the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 to reciprocate along the first direction at a preset frequency. In this way, the transmission component between the linear motor 310 and the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 is omitted, so that the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 can move at high frequency more smoothly and accurately along the first direction, thereby further improving the processing quality of the laser processing mechanism 10.
[0057] In this embodiment, the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 is integrally formed with the mover 312. Specifically, taking an embodiment where the collimating lens group 211 is located inside and connected to the mover 312 as an example, the integral formation of the collimating lens group 211 and the mover 312 allows the mover 312 to more precisely drive the collimating lens group 211 to achieve high-frequency reciprocating motion along the first direction. Similarly, taking an embodiment where the focusing lens group 212 is located inside and connected to the mover 312 as an example, the integral formation of the focusing lens group 212 and the mover 312 allows the mover 312 to more precisely drive the focusing lens group 212 to achieve high-frequency reciprocating motion along the first direction. Of course, in other embodiments, the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 can also be detachably connected, which will not be elaborated upon here.
[0058] In some embodiments, the mover 312 and the stator 311 can be connected by a slider. The slider can be disposed on one of the mover 312 and the stator 311, and the other of the mover 312 and the stator 311 can be provided with a slide rail that matches the slider, so that the mover 312 and the stator 311 can be slidably connected by the cooperation of the slider and the slide rail.
[0059] Please refer to further reading. Figure 4Taking the driving component 300 driving the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 as an example, the linear motor 310 described in the above embodiment may also include a first stator 314, a second stator 316, a first mover 313, and a second mover 315. The first stator 314, the second stator 316, the first mover 313, and the second mover 315 are all cylindrical hollow structures. The first stator 314 and the second stator 316 are spaced apart along a first direction, and the first mover 313 is disposed on the first stator. The first mover 314 is located on the inner periphery of the second stator 314 and is slidably connected to the first stator 314. The second mover 315 is located on the inner periphery of the second stator 316 and is slidably connected to the second stator. The collimating lens group 211 is located on the inner periphery of the first mover 313 and is connected to the first mover 313. The focusing lens group 212 is located on the inner periphery of the second mover 315 and is connected to the second mover 315. The first mover 313 and / or the second mover 315 are configured to reciprocate along a first direction at a preset frequency under the action of electromagnetic force.
[0060] Specifically, the linear motor 310 is equipped with a first mover 313 and a second mover 315 that are respectively connected to the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212. The first mover 313 and the second mover 315 can move independently along the first direction at a preset frequency under the electromagnetic force of the first stator 314 and the second stator 316, respectively, so that the laser focus can move at a high frequency.
[0061] Of course, in some embodiments, the linear motor 310 described in the above embodiments may also be provided with only one stator and two movers. The two movers are input with different electrical signals so that the stator can generate two different electromagnetic forces on the two movers respectively, thereby driving the two movers to achieve relative motion, and thus enabling the laser focus to achieve high-frequency reciprocating movement at a preset frequency.
[0062] The laser processing mechanism described in the above embodiments also includes a transmission mechanism (not shown in the figure), and the driving component 300 is connected to the transmission mechanism to form a driving module for driving the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 to move.
[0063] Specifically, the stability of the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 along the first direction and the stability of the laser focus along the first direction are related. During movement along the first direction, the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 are at risk of deviating from the first direction and wobbling. Excessive wobbling can prevent the laser focus from accurately machining the workpiece surface, thus affecting the machining quality. The transmission mechanism guides the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 to move stably and linearly along the first direction, effectively reducing the risk of wobbling and thus effectively improving the machining accuracy of the laser processing mechanism 10, thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the laser processing mechanism 10.
[0064] The transmission mechanism described in the above embodiments includes a lead screw (not shown) and a slider (not shown). The slider is connected to the lead screw and the drive component 300, and is sleeved on the lead screw. The collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 are fixed to the slider. The rotational speed and thread pitch of the lead screw are configured to drive the slider to reciprocate along a first direction at a preset frequency under the rotation of the lead screw. The lead screw can be connected to the drive component 300 via a coupling, which will not be described in detail here.
[0065] Of course, in other embodiments, provided that the transmission power of the drive member 300 can be converted into high-frequency movement of the collimating lens group 211 and / or the focusing lens group 212 along the first direction at a preset frequency, the transmission mechanism can also be configured as other types of transmission components, which will not be described in detail here.
[0066] In this embodiment, the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212 are arranged at intervals along the first direction. Of course, other positional relationships can be adopted as needed, and a reflector group can be added so that the laser can be adjusted sequentially by the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212.
[0067] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The processing head 200 in the above embodiment may also be provided with a first protective mirror 220 and a second protective mirror 230. The first protective mirror 220 is disposed on the side of the collimating mirror group 211 away from the focusing mirror group 212 along the first direction, and the second protective mirror 230 is disposed on the side of the focusing mirror group 212 away from the collimating mirror group 211 along the first direction. The laser processing mechanism 10 may also include a jetting element (not shown in the figure), which is disposed on the processing head 200 and is used to jet protective gas to blow away the residue at the laser processing site.
[0068] The protective housing of the processing head 200, consisting of the first protective lens 220 and the second protective lens 230, can protect the internal dimming lens group 210, that is, the collimating lens group 211 and the focusing lens group 212. This is a standard configuration for the processing head 200 and will not be described in detail here. The jet nozzle (not shown in the figure) is used to spray protective gas onto the workpiece at the processing position. In the cutting process, it can be used to blow away residue. The outlet of the jet nozzle (not shown in the figure) is oriented towards the laser focal point. The inclusion of a jet nozzle (not shown in the figure) on the processing head 200 is also a standard configuration in the art and will not be described in detail here.
[0069] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the frequency at which the driving component 300 drives the dimming mirror assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction is set to be greater than or equal to 5Hz and less than or equal to 500Hz. According to actual operation, when the frequency of the driving component 300 driving the dimming mirror assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction is set within this 5-500Hz range, it is generally suitable for laser cutting and laser welding processes. At frequencies less than 5Hz, the processing quality is not significantly different compared to a setting where the dimming mirror assembly 210 does not reciprocate; however, frequencies greater than 500Hz will affect the structural stability of the processing head 200, thus affecting the processing quality. For example, in some embodiments, the frequency at which the driving member 300 drives the dimming lens assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction can be set to an actual value between 5 and 500 Hz, such as 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 50 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hz, 300 Hz, 350 Hz, 400 Hz, 450 Hz, or 500 Hz. Of course, the frequency at which the driving member 300 drives the dimming lens assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction can also be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of the processing mechanism 10, so that the frequency is more suitable for the current operating conditions, thereby effectively improving processing quality. It should be noted that, in this document, the frequency at which the driving member 300 drives the dimming lens assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction in the above embodiments is also referred to as the preset frequency.
[0070] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 Furthermore, when the laser processing mechanism 10 of the above embodiment is used for welding, the frequency at which the driving member 300 drives the dimming mirror group 210 to reciprocate along the first direction is set to be greater than or equal to 5Hz and less than or equal to 100Hz; while when the laser processing mechanism 10 is used for cutting, the frequency at which the driving member 300 drives the dimming mirror group 210 to reciprocate along the first direction is set to be greater than or equal to 50Hz and less than or equal to 500Hz.
[0071] Welding and cutting processes differ in their workpiece processing methods and desired effects; therefore, the frequencies at which the driving component 300 drives the dimming lens assembly 210 to reciprocate along the first direction also differ. Welding requires melting the corresponding part of the metal workpiece into a molten pool, meaning the metal is in a liquid state. If the reciprocating frequency of the focal spot is too fast, it will cause large fluctuations in the liquid within the molten pool, leading to instability and affecting the welding quality. When the driving component 300 ultimately controls the reciprocating frequency of the focal spot within the range of 5–100 Hz, it is suitable for welding processes. Conversely, when the driving component 300 ultimately controls the reciprocating frequency of the focal spot within the range of 50–500 Hz, it is suitable for cutting processes.
[0072] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 Specifically, this application takes a copper workpiece as an example for welding. The copper workpiece can be brass or copper, etc. When the control drive 300 ultimately controls the reciprocating frequency of the corresponding focus within the range of 5-20Hz, compared to a welding process without reciprocating focus movement, this application improves the pinhole stability of the molten pool and reduces common welding defects such as porosity. Especially when the frequency is set to 10Hz, the corresponding welding quality is even better. Of course, this application can also be used to weld metal workpieces of other materials, but since different metals have different melting points, the optimal reciprocating frequency of the focus will differ for other metal workpieces. In some embodiments, when the processing mechanism 10 is used for the welding process, the frequency of the focus reciprocating movement can also be set to an actual value between 5-500Hz, such as 5Hz, 15Hz, 20Hz, 60Hz, or 100Hz.
[0073] Please see Figures 7 to 9 Furthermore, taking the cutting process of a stainless steel workpiece as an example, when the control drive 300 ultimately causes the reciprocating frequency of the corresponding controlled focus to be within the range of 50 to 500 Hz, compared with the cutting process without reciprocating focus movement, the cutting speed of the stainless steel workpiece in this embodiment is faster and the cross-section is finer. For example, when the processing mechanism 10 is used for the cutting process, the reciprocating frequency of the corresponding controlled focus caused by the control drive 300 can also be an actual value between 5 and 500 Hz, such as 50 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 130 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hz, 300 Hz, 350 Hz, 400 Hz, 450 Hz, or 500 Hz.
[0074] Please see Figure 8Preferably, when the control drive 300 ultimately controls the reciprocating frequency of the corresponding focus within the range of 80-150Hz, the corresponding cutting quality is better. Especially when this frequency is set to 100Hz, not only is the cutting speed faster, but the cut surface is also neater and smoother. Of course, the embodiments of this application can also be used to cut metal or non-metal workpieces of other materials. However, since different metals or non-metals have different melting points, the specific preferred reciprocating frequency of the focus will differ for workpieces of other metal or non-metal materials.
[0075] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 9 The embodiments of this application also disclose the cutting end face effect of the stainless steel workpiece when the control drive 300 finally sets the reciprocating movement frequency of the corresponding control focus to 50Hz and 300Hz.
[0076] It should be noted that when used in laser cutting, the reciprocating laser spot can expand the kerf width during laser cutting. The kerf width varies along the first direction, with the width being the largest near the processing head 200. In this way, when combined with the air jet (not shown in the figure), the generated slag can be discharged more easily from the wider kerf, improving the problems of slag adhesion and delamination on the workpiece.
[0077] Please see Figure 10 This application also provides a laser processing method applied to the laser processing mechanism 10 described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:
[0078] S1. Control the machining head to a preset distance from the workpiece;
[0079] S2. Adjust the dimming mirror group so that the initial laser beam focal point is positioned on the workpiece surface to be processed;
[0080] S3, controlling laser beam output; and
[0081] S4. Control the drive unit to drive the dimming mirror group so that the laser focus moves back and forth along the first direction at a preset frequency and amplitude.
[0082] This embodiment of the application takes the sequential execution of steps S1, S2, S3, and S4 as an example. First, the processing head 200 can be moved to a preset distance from the workpiece. This preset distance is a set value, determined according to actual needs. Then, the dimming lens group 210 is adjusted so that the initial laser beam's focal point is aligned with the surface to be processed on the workpiece. This adjustment of the focal point can be achieved by moving the dimming lens group 210 as a whole along a first direction, or by moving the collimating lens group 211 or the focusing lens group 212 along the first direction. Alternatively, steps S1 and S2 can be combined, with the focal point adjusted by moving the processing head 200 along the first direction.
[0083] Once the focus is adjusted to the correct position, it can be used to process the workpiece. The processing process can be as follows: first, control the laser 100 to emit light, and then control the drive unit 300 to drive the dimming mirror group 210 so that the laser focus moves back and forth along the first direction at a preset frequency and amplitude. The preset frequency and amplitude can be understood as set values. By setting the drive unit 300, the required laser focus control can be achieved. Alternatively, steps S3 and S4 can be executed simultaneously, that is, while emitting light, the drive unit 300 is controlled to move the focus back and forth. Or, step S4 can be executed before step S3, that is, first control the drive unit 300 to put the dimming mirror group 210 into a reciprocating state, and then control the laser 100 to emit light for processing.
[0084] The specific frequency and amplitude of step S4 are as described in the previous analysis and will not be repeated here.
[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A laser processing mechanism, characterized in that, include: Laser; The processing head is provided with a collimating lens group and a focusing lens group, which are spaced apart along the first direction. The processing head is connected to the laser, and the laser emitted by the laser is emitted from the processing head along the first direction through the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group. as well as A driving component is disposed on the processing head and drives the collimating lens group and / or the focusing lens group. The driving component is configured to drive the collimating lens group and / or the focusing lens group to reciprocate along the first direction at a preset frequency, so that the focal point of the laser reciprocates along the first direction at the preset frequency; wherein the preset frequency is greater than or equal to 5Hz and less than or equal to 500Hz.
2. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component includes a stator and a mover, both of which are cylindrical hollow structures. The stator is sleeved on the outside of the mover and slidably connected to the mover. The collimating lens group or the focusing lens group is disposed on the inside of the mover and connected to the mover. The mover is configured to reciprocate along the first direction at the preset frequency under the action of the electromagnetic force of the stator.
3. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collimating lens group or the focusing lens group is integrally formed with the moving element.
4. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component includes a first stator, a second stator, a first mover, and a second mover. The first stator, the second stator, the first mover, and the second mover are all cylindrical hollow structures. The first stator and the second stator are spaced apart along the first direction. The first mover is disposed inside the first stator and is movably connected to the first stator. The second mover is disposed inside the second stator and is slidably connected to the second stator. The collimating lens group is disposed inside the first mover and is connected to the first mover. The focusing lens group is disposed inside the second mover and is connected to the second mover. The first mover and / or the second mover are configured to reciprocate along the first direction at the preset frequency based on the action of electromagnetic force.
5. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser processing mechanism includes a lead screw and a slider. The lead screw is connected to the driving component for transmission. The slider is sleeved on the lead screw. The collimating lens group or the focusing lens group is fixed to the slider. The rotational speed and thread pitch of the lead screw are configured such that the slider can be driven to reciprocate along the first direction at the preset frequency under the rotation of the lead screw.
6. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The collimating lens group or the focusing lens group is integrally formed with the slider.
7. The laser processing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The focal point of the laser moves back and forth at the preset frequency with a movement amplitude greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.
8. The laser processing mechanism according to claims 1-6, characterized in that, The collimating lens group has a collimating focal length, the focusing lens group has a focusing focal length, and the ratio of the focusing focal length to the collimating focal length is 0.5 to 5.
9. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collimating focal length is greater than or equal to 50mm and less than or equal to 300mm, and the focusing focal length is greater than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 600mm.
10. The laser processing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The preset frequency includes 10Hz, 20Hz, 50Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz, or 150Hz.
11. The laser processing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing head is also provided with a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror. The first protective mirror is disposed on the side of the collimating lens group away from the focusing lens group along the first direction, and the second protective mirror is disposed on the side of the focusing lens group away from the collimating lens group along the first direction. The laser processing mechanism also includes an air jet, which is disposed on the processing head and is used to spray protective gas to blow away residue at the laser processing site.