A multi-row radiant tube radiation convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace

Abstract

A multi-row radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace comprises, from the outside to the inside, a square box furnace steel structure, square box furnace wall panels, and a heat insulation lining. The square box furnace steel structure supports the entire shell and is welded to the square box furnace wall panels. A heat insulation lining is installed on the inner side of the wall panels for heat insulation. The square box furnace is mainly divided into two parts: the lower part is square-shaped, with furnace tubes distributed along the inner wall and in multiple layers around the circumference, primarily receiving radiant heat transfer. The upper part is cubic, with multiple layers of furnace tubes arranged horizontally inside, and electric heating elements placed in the gaps between the layers, primarily receiving convective heat transfer. The multi-layered furnace tube arrangement in the radiant chamber increases the heat exchange area inside the radiant chamber and reduces the equipment footprint. The placement of electric heating elements in both the radiant and convection chambers increases the overall thermal intensity of the square box furnace. By adding a circulating fan, the entire heating furnace undergoes both radiant and forced convection heat transfer, increasing the volumetric thermal intensity of the furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of petrochemical heating furnace technology, and specifically to a radiation chamber multi-row furnace tube radiation convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace for heating various process media in petrochemicals. Background Technology

[0002] In the current petrochemical industry, most process heating furnaces are gas-fired. However, gas-fired furnaces have many drawbacks, generating significant carbon emissions and putting considerable pressure on the environment. Furthermore, they emit pollutants such as nitrogen oxides during operation, failing to meet environmental protection requirements.

[0003] In addition, gas-fired heating furnaces require complex combustion control systems, which increases the equipment's footprint and poses a safety hazard of gas leaks, thus posing a potential threat to production safety.

[0004] In contrast, this utility model's multi-row radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heater can completely replace fuel oil or gas process heaters in the petrochemical industry and is suitable for heating various process media. It offers significant advantages, especially for new projects and for converting existing fuel oil or gas heaters into electric heaters. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a multi-row radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with a radiant chamber. The furnace tubes in the radiant chamber are arranged in multiple layers, with electric heating tubes located between these layers. The electric heating tubes are not only arranged in the radiant chamber but also in the interlayer gaps of the convection chamber, enhancing the overall thermal intensity of the electric heating furnace. A variable frequency fan is used to force the circulation of internal carbon dioxide inert gas, achieving dual radiant and convection heat transfer.

[0006] The specific structure of a multi-row radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with a radiant chamber is as follows:

[0007] From the outside in, the furnace consists of a square box steel structure, square box furnace wall panels, and a heat-insulating lining. The square box steel structure supports the entire shell and is welded to the square box furnace wall panels. A heat-insulating lining is installed on the inner side of the wall panels for heat insulation. The square box furnace is mainly divided into two parts: the lower part is square-box shaped, with furnace tubes distributed along the inner wall and in multiple layers around the circumference. These tubes primarily receive radiant heat transfer; this part is called the radiant chamber. The upper part is cubic-shaped, with multiple layers of furnace tubes arranged horizontally inside, and electric heating elements placed in the gaps between the layers. These tubes primarily receive convective heat transfer; this part is called the convection chamber.

[0008] The top of the convection chamber is the furnace top air duct, which is connected to the through air duct and the fan inlet. The fan outlet is connected to the furnace bottom ring air duct.

[0009] The electric heating tubes in the radiant chamber are inserted from the top to provide heat to the furnace. A flange sleeve at the top of the radiant chamber communicates with the inner cavity. The electric heating tubes pass through this sleeve into the radiant chamber, and the flange caps at the ends of the heating tubes are bolted to the flanges of the sleeves. An explosion-proof junction box is located at the end of the electric heating tube, with control and power inlets. Temperature sensing elements are installed on the electric heating tubes. The structure for the electric heating tubes inserted into the convection chamber is the same.

[0010] The entire electric radiant box furnace is a fully enclosed structure, filled with carbon dioxide inert protective gas to prevent the electric heating elements from oxidation and to facilitate the transfer of convective heat. The box furnace is equipped with a replenishment inert gas system that automatically replenishes inert gas when the pressure inside the furnace decreases.

[0011] Further features include a heating resistance wire as the inner core of the electric heating tube, and a high-alloy steel sheath (or a suitable material selected according to the characteristics of the heating medium and the operating temperature). The space between the resistance wire and the sheath is filled with magnesium oxide powder for insulation, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the electric heating tube.

[0012] A further feature is the presence of an annular air duct at the furnace bottom, with multiple airflow channels between the annular air duct and the furnace interior cavity. An inert protective gas (such as carbon dioxide) is drawn in from the top air duct of the convection chamber by a variable frequency fan and blown into the furnace body from the bottom, achieving forced circulation of the gas within the furnace. This forces convective heat exchange between the gas and the furnace tubes, improving heat exchange efficiency. The inert gas moves upwards in the radiant chamber, absorbing heat from the electric heating tubes, and in the convection chamber, it transfers heat primarily to the convection furnace tubes via convection.

[0013] Further features include an explosion-proof junction box with an explosion-proof rating of DIICT4, tailored to on-site requirements, meeting the high explosion-proof requirements of the petrochemical industry. The protection rating can reach IP65 and above, suitable for outdoor installation environments, enhancing the equipment's adaptability and safety.

[0014] A further feature is that the electric heating element is equipped with a temperature sensing element and an over-temperature interlock protection system. When the temperature exceeds the set temperature, the system will automatically stop heating to prevent overheating damage to the equipment. Simultaneously, temperature sensing elements are installed at the medium inlet and outlet. By monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures in real time, the power of the heating element is adjusted to achieve precise temperature control, meeting the process requirements with high temperature control demands.

[0015] A further feature is that, in addition to carbon dioxide, the protective gas inside the casing can also be other inert protective gases.

[0016] Further features include various arrangements of the furnace tubes, such as horizontal and vertical coils, to meet the heating requirements of different process media and the space layout requirements of the equipment.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0018] The radiant chamber utilizes a multi-layered furnace tube arrangement, increasing the internal heat exchange area while reducing the equipment's footprint and cost. Electric heating tubes are installed in both the radiant and convection chambers, enhancing the overall thermal intensity of the square-box furnace. The addition of a circulating fan allows for both radiant and forced convection heat transfer throughout the furnace, increasing its volumetric thermal intensity and reducing overall equipment cost. It is low-carbon and environmentally friendly, highly safe, highly intelligent, easy to adjust, starts up quickly, and boasts high thermal efficiency—reaching approximately 98%, far exceeding that of traditional gas-fired furnaces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a vertical sectional view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a horizontal sectional view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged view of the present invention (Figure I).

[0023] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the present invention, II;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Furnace top air duct; 2. Medium inlet; 3. Convection chamber; 4. Radiant chamber; 5. Electric heating tube; 6. Steel structure; 7. Furnace wall panel; 8. Insulation lining; 9. Furnace tube; 10. Furnace bottom ring air duct; 11. Variable frequency fan; 12. Air duct; 13. Medium outlet; 14. Flange cover;

[0025] 15 Flange; 16 Sleeve; 17 Temperature sensing element; 18 Explosion-proof junction box; 19 Control inlet; 20 Power inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the technical solution and accompanying drawings:

[0027] A square-box electric heating furnace with a multi-row radiant convection heat transfer system comprises a steel structure 6, furnace wall panels 7, and an insulation lining 8, arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The steel structure 6 provides support for the entire furnace. The furnace wall panels 7 are welded to the steel structure 6 externally, and connected to the insulation lining 8 internally via insulation nails. The insulation lining 8 effectively reduces heat loss and improves the thermal efficiency of the equipment. The square-box furnace is mainly divided into two parts: the lower part is square-box shaped, with furnace tubes 9 distributed along the inner wall of the box in multiple layers around the circumference. The electric heating tubes 5 of the radiant chamber are located between two layers of furnace tubes. The furnace tubes 9 primarily receive radiant heat transfer; this part is called the radiant chamber 4. The upper part is cubic-shaped, with multiple layers of furnace tubes 9 arranged horizontally inside. Electric heating tubes 5 are added between the layers. The furnace tubes 9 primarily receive convective heat transfer; this part is called the convection chamber 3. Medium inlet 2 is located in convection chamber 3. The medium enters the convection furnace tube 9 in convection chamber 3 through medium inlet 2 for heating. In the convection chamber, it undergoes convective heat exchange with carbon dioxide and receives radiative heat exchange from the electric heating tubes in the convection chamber. After being heated, the medium enters the radiant furnace tubes in radiant chamber 4 to continue receiving radiative heat transfer from the electric heating tubes 5. After entering the radiant chamber, the medium first enters the inner furnace tubes of the radiant chamber to absorb heat, and then enters the outer furnace tubes of the radiant chamber to continue absorbing heat. The heated medium flows out from the medium outlet 13 at the top of the radiant chamber 4.

[0028] The top of the convection chamber 3 is the furnace top air duct 1, which is connected to the inlet of the variable frequency fan 11 via the air duct 12, and the outlet of the fan is connected to the furnace bottom ring air duct 10.

[0029] An electric heating element 5 is inserted into the radiation chamber 4 from the top, providing heat to the entire furnace. A sleeve 16 is installed at the top of the radiation chamber 4, with a flange 15 at the top. The sleeve 16 communicates with the inner cavity of the radiation chamber 4. The electric heating element 5 passes through the sleeve 16 into the interior of the radiation chamber. The flange cover 14 at the end of the electric heating element is bolted to the flange 15 of the sleeve. An explosion-proof junction box 18 is installed at the end of the electric heating element 5, with a control inlet 19 and a power inlet 20. A temperature sensing element 17 is installed on the electric heating element.

[0030] The process medium enters the furnace tube 9 in the convection chamber 3 through the medium inlet 2 for heat exchange. It primarily absorbs heat transferred from the high-temperature inert carbon dioxide gas, and also absorbs some radiant heat from the electric heating tubes in the convection chamber, causing an initial increase in the medium temperature. Then, the medium enters the radiation chamber 4 for radiant heat exchange. The electric heating tube 5, after being energized, generates heat and transfers it to the furnace tube 9 via radiation, which in turn transfers it to the medium, further increasing its temperature. The heated process medium then flows out through the medium outlet 13.

[0031] The control inlet 19 and power inlet 20 are connected to the electrical control system to supply power to the electric heating tube 5 and receive signals from instruments such as temperature and pressure gauges. Electricity is supplied to the electric heating tube 5 through the explosion-proof junction box 18, causing the heating tube to heat up after power is applied. The medium enters the furnace tube 9 through inlet 2, flows within the furnace tube, and absorbs heat. The heat comes from the radiant and convective heat of the electric heating tube 5. The heated medium flows out from outlet 13. The heating furnace cavity is a sealed structure, filled with the inert protective gas carbon dioxide.

[0032] A bottom-circular air duct 10 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace, and multiple airflow channels connect the duct to the furnace cavity. The airflow channels are at a certain angle to the furnace body. After the inert gas is injected into the furnace, it enters a turbulent state, and the flow pattern is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the variable frequency fan 11 draws in inert protective gas carbon dioxide from the furnace top air duct 1, passes through the air duct 12, and then blows the carbon dioxide gas into the furnace body from the furnace bottom ring air duct 10, realizing forced circulation of gas in the furnace, enabling forced convection heat exchange between the gas and the furnace tubes, and improving the heat exchange effect.

[0033] For existing gas-fired square-box heating furnaces being converted into multi-row radiant convection heat transfer square-box electric heating furnaces, the steel structure, furnace wall, furnace tubes, furnace lining, and convection chamber of the original gas-fired heating furnace are reused. One set of furnace tubes in the convection chamber is removed. Simultaneously, the shell is completely sealed, the viewing door is replaced with a sealed lens viewing door, explosion-proof doors are fitted with sealing explosion-proof membranes, and manholes are all converted to sealed structures. Sealing packing is wrapped around the convection chamber elbow box door tube plate to ensure no gas leakage from the furnace, guaranteeing the safety and stability of the equipment.

Claims

1. A radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with a multi-row radiant chamber, characterized in that, From the outside in, the furnace consists of a square box steel structure, square box furnace wall panels, and a heat insulation lining. The square box furnace steel structure supports the entire shell and is welded to the square box furnace wall panels. The inner side of the wall panels is lined with a heat insulation lining for heat insulation. The square box furnace is mainly divided into two parts: the lower part is square box-shaped, with furnace tubes distributed along the inner wall of the box and in multiple layers around the circumference. The furnace tubes mainly receive radiant heat transfer, and this part is called the radiant chamber. The upper part is cubic in shape, with multiple layers of furnace tubes arranged horizontally inside, and electric heating tubes placed in the gaps between the layers. The furnace tubes mainly receive convective heat transfer, and this part is called the convection chamber. The top of the convection chamber is the furnace top air duct, which is connected to the through air duct and the fan inlet. The fan outlet is connected to the furnace bottom ring air duct. The electric heating tube in the radiant chamber is inserted into the radiant chamber from the top to provide heat to the furnace. A flange sleeve is provided at the top of the radiant chamber, which communicates with the inner cavity of the radiant chamber. The electric heating tube passes through the sleeve and enters the radiant chamber. The flange cover at the end of the electric heating tube is bolted to the flange of the sleeve. An explosion-proof junction box is provided at the end of the electric heating tube, which has a control inlet and a power inlet. A temperature measuring element is provided on the electric heating tube. The structure of the electric heating tube inserted into the convection chamber is the same. The entire electric radiation box furnace is a fully enclosed structure, filled with carbon dioxide inert protective gas to protect the electric heating tubes from oxidation and to transfer convective heat. The box furnace is equipped with a replenishment inert gas system that automatically replenishes inert gas when the pressure inside the furnace decreases.

2. The radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with multi-row furnace tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner core of the electric heating element is a heating resistance wire, and the sleeve is made of high alloy steel or selected according to the characteristics of the heating medium and the operating temperature. The space between the resistance wire and the sleeve is filled with magnesium oxide powder for insulation treatment to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electric heating element.

3. The radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with multi-row furnace tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace bottom is equipped with an annular air duct, and multiple airflow channels are provided between the annular air duct and the furnace body cavity. Inert protective gas is drawn in from the air duct at the top of the convection chamber by a variable frequency fan and blown into the furnace body from the bottom of the furnace to achieve forced circulation of gas in the furnace. This enables forced convection heat exchange between the gas and the furnace tubes, improving heat exchange efficiency. The inert gas moves upward in the radiation chamber to absorb heat from the electric heating tubes, and in the convection chamber, the heat is transferred to the convection furnace tubes mainly by convection heat transfer.

4. The radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with multi-row furnace tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric heating element is equipped with a temperature sensing element and an over-temperature interlock protection system. When the temperature exceeds the set temperature, the system will automatically stop heating to prevent the equipment from overheating and being damaged. At the same time, temperature sensing elements are installed at the medium inlet and outlet. By monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures in real time, the power of the heating element is adjusted to achieve precise temperature control and meet the process requirements with high temperature control requirements.

5. The radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with multi-row furnace tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective gas inside the casing is carbon dioxide or an inert protective gas.

6. The radiant convection heat transfer square box electric heating furnace with multi-row furnace tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective furnace tubes are arranged in either horizontal or vertical coils to meet the heating requirements of different process media and the space layout requirements of the equipment.

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