A single cell and a battery pack
By setting up a centrally symmetrical flow channel and an venting device with staggered guide protrusions inside the battery, the problem of slow gas flow rate during battery thermal runaway is solved, achieving rapid directional pressure relief and improving battery safety and venting efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SUNWODA MOBILITY ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
Smart Images
Figure CN224481141U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a single cell battery and a battery pack. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of power batteries, ensuring the manufacturability and safety and reliability of batteries is of paramount importance to battery manufacturers. Among these, the reliability of the battery's valve opening and pressure relief is particularly critical.
[0003] During battery operation, the positive and negative electrode materials and electrolyte react to produce gas. Although an explosion-proof valve is installed, the airflow channel is small due to its tight internal structure, and the gas flow rate is slow. The large amount of high-temperature gas generated during thermal runaway can cause the battery to explode. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a single cell battery and a battery pack.
[0005] This application provides the following technical solution: a single-cell battery having a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other, including:
[0006] The casing is equipped with explosion-proof holes;
[0007] An explosion-proof valve is provided on the housing and covers the explosion-proof hole;
[0008] Electrode assemblies are disposed within the housing;
[0009] An exhaust device is disposed within the housing and located between the electrode assembly and the explosion-proof valve;
[0010] The exhaust component is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel that extend through the first direction; the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged along the second direction and are respectively connected to the explosion-proof valve; the exhaust component has a first end and a second end along the second direction; the first flow channel passes through the first end and the second flow channel passes through the second end.
[0011] In some embodiments, the housing has a third direction that is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction;
[0012] Along the third direction, the first flow guiding channel has a first wall and a third wall that are disposed opposite to each other, and the second flow guiding channel has a second wall and a fourth wall that are disposed opposite to each other;
[0013] The first wall surface and the third wall surface are each provided with a plurality of first guide protrusions, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction. The second wall surface and the fourth wall surface are each provided with a plurality of second guide protrusions, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction.
[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of first guide protrusions are staggered along the third direction, and a plurality of second guide protrusions are staggered along the third direction.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first end is provided with a first opening, and the diameter of the first opening gradually decreases from the first end to the second end;
[0016] The second end is provided with a second opening, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the second end to the first end.
[0017] In some embodiments, the exhaust component has a connecting portion disposed between the first flow channel and the second flow channel;
[0018] Along the first direction, the connecting portion is provided corresponding to the explosion-proof valve, and the ends of the first flow guiding channel and the second flow guiding channel near the connecting portion are connected to the explosion-proof hole.
[0019] In some embodiments, the first guide protrusion extends toward the connecting portion;
[0020] The second guide protrusion extends toward the connecting portion.
[0021] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are centrally symmetrical about the midpoint of the connection.
[0022] In some embodiments, along the second direction, a first concave surface and a second concave surface are respectively provided on opposite sides of the connecting portion. The first concave surface is recessed away from the first end along the second direction, and the second concave surface is recessed away from the second end along the second direction.
[0023] In some embodiments, the single cell further includes a first insulating layer disposed within the housing. The first insulating layer is disposed between the electrode assembly and the housing. The first insulating layer has a first limiting portion on the side facing the exhaust member. The exhaust member has a second limiting portion, which communicates with the first flow channel. The first limiting portion corresponds to the second limiting portion.
[0024] Secondly, this application provides a battery pack including the aforementioned single battery cell.
[0025] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages: by providing an exhaust device between the electrode assembly and the explosion-proof valve, and providing a first flow guide channel and a second flow guide channel on the exhaust device to connect the explosion-proof valve and the receiving cavity, and the first flow guide channel and the second flow guide channel respectively penetrate through the end of the exhaust device in the second direction, the gas generated by the electrode assembly can be guided to the explosion-proof valve through both ends of the exhaust device. That is, the first flow guide channel and the second flow guide channel form a guiding effect on the gas generated by the electrode assembly to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of exhaust, and improve the safety of the single cell.
[0026] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0028] Figure 1 An exploded view of a single-cell battery provided by some embodiments of this application is shown;
[0029] Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic from one perspective of a first embodiment of an exhaust device in a single-cell battery provided by some embodiments of this application.
[0030] Explanation of key component symbols:
[0031] 100 - Housing; 200 - Explosion-proof valve; 300 - Electrode assembly; 400 - First insulating layer; 410 - First limiting part; 500 - Exhaust component; 510 - First end; 511 - First opening; 520 - Second end; 521 - Second opening; 530 - Second flow channel; 531 - Second wall surface; 532 - Fourth wall surface; 533 - Second guide protrusion; 540 - First flow channel; 541 - First wall surface; 542 - Third wall surface; 543 - First guide protrusion; 550 - Connecting part; 551 - First concave surface; 552 - Second concave surface; 560 - Second limiting part.
[0032] X - First direction; Y - Second direction; Z - Third direction. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0034] It should be noted that when an element is said to be "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" on another element, there is no intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.
[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the template description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, some embodiments of this application provide a single-cell battery with a first direction X and a second direction Y that are perpendicular to each other. This is mainly used to control the gas flow in the exhaust channel of the single-cell battery, so that it has a direction-dependent pressure drop characteristic, realizes directional rapid pressure relief, and can greatly improve the directional pressure relief efficiency when the battery is severely gas-generating due to thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
[0039] The single-cell battery includes a housing 100 and an explosion-proof valve 200 disposed on the housing 100. The explosion-proof valve 200 covers the explosion-proof vent, thereby controlling the internal pressure of the single-cell battery and preventing it from exploding. When excessive pressure is generated inside the single-cell battery, the explosion-proof valve 200 will open under pressure, releasing the high-pressure gas generated inside the single-cell battery into the external environment through the explosion-proof vent, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the single-cell battery and effectively preventing the risk of explosion.
[0040] The electrode assembly 300 is disposed within the housing 100 so that the housing 100 provides protection for the electrode assembly 300.
[0041] The exhaust component 500 is disposed inside the housing 100, and the exhaust component 500 is provided with a first guide channel 540 and a second guide channel 530 extending along the first direction X.
[0042] The first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 are arranged along the second direction Y, and the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 are respectively connected to the explosion-proof valve 200, so that the gas generated during the operation of the electrode assembly 300 can be guided to the explosion-proof valve 200 through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530.
[0043] In addition, the exhaust component 500 has a first end 510 and a second end 520 along the second direction Y. The first flow channel 540 passes through the first end 510 along the second direction Y, and the second flow channel 530 passes through the second end 520 along the second direction Y, so that the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can be discharged through the two ends of the exhaust component 500 along the second direction Y to improve exhaust efficiency.
[0044] In this embodiment, the exhaust device 500 is located between the electrode assembly 300 and the explosion-proof valve 200, so that the gas generated inside the electrode assembly 300 can pass through the exhaust device 500 and be guided to the explosion-proof valve 200, so that the gas can impact the explosion-proof valve 200, thereby causing the explosion-proof valve 200 to open under the action of a preset pressure, thereby releasing the gas in the housing 100 from the explosion-proof hole, reducing the pressure inside the single cell, and thus preventing the single cell from exploding.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 are centrally symmetrical about the midpoint of the exhaust member 500, so as to ensure that the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can be uniformly guided through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 to the explosion-proof valve 200, thereby improving the uniformity of the gas flowing through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530, thereby improving the gas guiding efficiency and thus improving the pressure relief efficiency of the single cell.
[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the housing 100 has a third direction Z that intersects the first direction X and the second direction Y in pairs.
[0047] Along the third direction Z, the first flow channel 540 has a first wall 541 and a third wall 542 disposed opposite to each other, the first wall 541 and the third wall 542 being spaced apart to form the first flow channel 540, and the second flow channel 530 has a second wall 531 and a fourth wall 532 disposed opposite to each other, the second wall 531 and the fourth wall 532 being spaced apart to form the second flow channel 530.
[0048] The first wall surface 541 and the third wall surface 542 are respectively provided with a plurality of first guide protrusions 543. The plurality of first guide protrusions 543 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The first guide protrusions 543 provide a guiding effect for the gas flowing through the first guide channel 540, so that the gas flows from the end of the first guide channel 540 away from the second guide channel 530 towards the direction closer to the second guide channel 530 under the action of the first guide protrusions 543.
[0049] In addition, the second wall surface 531 and the fourth wall surface 532 are respectively provided with a plurality of second guide protrusions 533. The plurality of second guide protrusions 533 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The second guide protrusions 533 provide a guiding effect on the gas flowing through the second guide channel 530, so that the gas flows from the end of the second guide channel 530 away from the first guide channel 540 towards the direction close to the first guide channel 540 under the action of the second guide protrusions 533.
[0050] It should be noted that the first flow channel 540 is adjacent to the second flow channel 530 at one end and faces the explosion-proof valve 200 along the first direction X. The second flow channel 530 is adjacent to the first flow channel 540 at one end and faces the explosion-proof valve 200 along the first direction X. This is to guide the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 to the explosion-proof valve 200 through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530, so as to improve the pressure relief efficiency of the single cell.
[0051] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first guide protrusions 543 are staggered along the third direction Z. The first guide protrusions 543 provide guidance for the gas flowing through the first guide channel 540, while ensuring the uniformity of the spacing between the two oppositely arranged first wall surfaces 541. This ensures the smoothness and stability of the gas flow in the first guide channel 540 and improves the gas guiding efficiency of the first guide channel 540.
[0052] In addition, multiple second guide protrusions 533 are staggered along the third direction Z. The second guide protrusions 533 provide guidance for the gas flowing through the second guide channel 530, while ensuring the uniformity of the spacing between the two oppositely arranged second wall surfaces 531. This ensures the smoothness and stability of the gas flow in the second guide channel 530 and improves the gas guiding efficiency of the second guide channel 530.
[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the first end 510 is provided with a first opening 511, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the first end 510 to the second end 520, so that the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can enter the first guide channel 540 through the first opening 511 and flow towards the second guide channel 530 under the guiding effect of the first guide surface. It should be noted that, since the gas flows towards the second end 520 through the first opening 511, that is, as the diameter of the first opening 511 gradually decreases, it can not only increase the gas velocity in the first guide channel 540, but also reduce airflow separation and turbulence, making the flow smoother and reducing eddies, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency of the gas in the first guide channel 540.
[0054] Furthermore, the second end 520 is provided with a second opening 521, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the second end 520 to the first end 510. This allows the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 to enter the second guide channel 530 through the second opening 521 and flow towards the first guide channel 540 under the guidance of the second guide surface. It should be noted that because the gas flows towards the first end 510 through the second opening 521, meaning the diameter of the second opening 521 gradually decreases, it not only increases the gas velocity in the second guide channel 530 but also reduces airflow separation and turbulence, making the flow smoother and reducing eddies, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency of the gas in the second guide channel 530.
[0055] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the exhaust component 500 has a connecting portion 550, which is disposed between the first guide channel 540 and the second guide channel 530 to improve the stability of the exhaust component 500.
[0056] Along the first direction X, the connecting portion 550 is provided corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 200. The ends of the first guide channel 540 and the second guide channel 530 near the connecting portion 550 are connected to the explosion-proof valve 200, so that the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can enter the first guide channel 540 through the first opening 511, and flow to the connecting portion 550 under the guidance of the first guide surface, and then flow into the explosion-proof valve 200 through the connecting portion 550. In addition, the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can enter the second guide channel 530 through the second opening 521, and flow to the connecting portion 550 under the guidance of the second guide surface, and then flow into the explosion-proof valve 200 through the connecting portion 550, so as to ensure the uniformity of the gas flow rate and flow of the gas flowing to the explosion-proof valve 200 through the first guide channel 540 and the second guide channel 530 respectively, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency of the single battery.
[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the first guide protrusion 543 extends toward the connecting portion 550 to guide and direct the gas flowing through the first guide channel 540, thereby ensuring the smoothness and stability of the gas flow in the first guide channel.
[0058] In addition, the second guide protrusion 533 extends toward the connecting portion 550 to guide and direct the gas flowing through the second guide channel 530, thereby ensuring the smoothness and stability of the gas flow in the second guide channel.
[0059] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, along the second direction Y, the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 are centrally symmetrical about the midpoint of the connection portion 550, so as to ensure that the gas generated by the electrode assembly 300 can be uniformly guided through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530 to the explosion-proof valve 200, thereby improving the uniformity of the gas flowing through the first flow channel 540 and the second flow channel 530, thereby improving the gas guiding efficiency and thus improving the pressure relief efficiency of the single cell.
[0060] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in some embodiments of this application, along the second direction Y, the connecting portion 550 has a first concave surface 551 and a second concave surface 552 on opposite sides. The first concave surface 551 is recessed away from the first opening 511 along the second direction Y, and the second concave surface 552 is recessed away from the second opening 521 along the second direction Y. It can be understood that the first concave surface 551 and the second concave surface 552 are both arc surfaces. According to gas dynamics, when gas impacts a concave curved surface (such as a bowl-shaped or spherical structure), the flow is constrained by the curved surface and converges towards the center, forming a stable vortex. This causes the airflow to concentrate at the bottom of the concave surface and generate local high pressure enhancement, thereby enabling the explosion-proof valve 200 to be opened quickly, allowing the gas generated inside the single cell to be released quickly into the external environment, thereby reducing the pressure inside the single cell and effectively preventing the risk of single cell explosion.
[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the single battery cell further includes a first insulating layer 400, which is disposed inside the housing 100. The first insulating layer 400 is disposed between the electrode assembly 300 and the housing 100 and is sleeved on the electrode assembly 300. The first insulating layer 400 forms an insulating barrier between the housing 100 and the electrode assembly 300 to prevent the electrode assembly 300 from contacting the housing 100 and causing a short circuit.
[0062] In addition, the first insulating layer 400 is provided with a first limiting part 410 on the side facing the exhaust member 500, and the exhaust member 500 is provided with a second limiting part 560. The second limiting part 560 is connected to the first flow channel 540, and the first limiting part 410 corresponds to the second limiting part 560.
[0063] It should be noted that the number of the first limiting part 410 and the second limiting part 560 can be one, two or more, and can be specifically set according to the actual situation, and the number of the first limiting part 410 and the number of the second limiting part 560 are equal.
[0064] It should be noted that in some embodiments, there are multiple first limiting portions 410 and multiple second limiting portions 560, with the multiple first limiting portions 410 and the multiple second limiting portions 560 spaced apart. In some embodiments, at least one first limiting portion 410 is provided at both ends of the exhaust member 500 along the second direction Y, so as to improve the stability of the connection between the exhaust member 500 and the first insulating layer 400.
[0065] In some embodiments, the first limiting portion 410 is a protrusion and the second limiting portion 560 is a groove; or the first limiting portion 410 is a groove and the second limiting portion 560 is a protrusion; wherein the protrusion is engaged in the groove.
[0066] In addition, some embodiments of this application also provide a battery pack, including the single battery cells in any of the above embodiments.
[0067] It is understood that the battery pack has the beneficial effects of the single cell described in any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.
[0068] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations; therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
[0069] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0070] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A single-cell battery having a first direction (X) and a second direction (Y) perpendicular to each other, characterized in that, include: The housing (100) is provided with explosion-proof holes; An explosion-proof valve (200) is disposed on the housing (100) and covers the explosion-proof hole; An electrode assembly (300) is disposed within the housing (100); An exhaust component (500) is disposed within the housing (100) and located between the electrode assembly (300) and the explosion-proof valve (200); The exhaust component (500) is provided with a first guide channel (540) and a second guide channel (530) extending along the first direction (X); the first guide channel (540) and the second guide channel (530) are arranged along the second direction (Y) and are respectively connected to the explosion-proof valve (200). The exhaust component (500) has a first end (510) and a second end (520) along the second direction (Y). The first guide channel (540) passes through the first end (510), and the second guide channel (530) passes through the second end (520).
2. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (100) has a third direction (Z) that is perpendicular to both the first direction (X) and the second direction (Y). Along the third direction (Z), the first flow channel (540) has a first wall (541) and a third wall (542) disposed opposite to each other, and the second flow channel (530) has a second wall (531) and a fourth wall (532) disposed opposite to each other. The first wall surface (541) and the third wall surface (542) are respectively provided with a plurality of first guide protrusions (543), and the plurality of first guide protrusions (543) are arranged at intervals along the second direction (Y). The second wall surface (531) and the fourth wall surface (532) are respectively provided with a plurality of second guide protrusions (533), and the plurality of second guide protrusions (533) are arranged at intervals along the second direction (Y).
3. The single-cell battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A plurality of first guide protrusions (543) are staggered along the third direction (Z), and a plurality of second guide protrusions (533) are staggered along the third direction (Z).
4. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end (510) is provided with a first opening (511), and the diameter of the first opening (511) gradually decreases from the first end (510) to the second end (520); The second end (520) is provided with a second opening (521), the diameter of which gradually decreases from the second end (520) to the first end (510).
5. The single-cell battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust component (500) has a connecting portion (550) disposed between the first guide channel (540) and the second guide channel (530); Along the first direction (X), the connecting part (550) is provided corresponding to the explosion-proof valve (200), and the ends of the first flow channel (540) and the second flow channel (530) near the connecting part (550) are connected to the explosion-proof hole.
6. The single-cell battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first guide protrusion (543) extends toward the connecting portion (550); The second guide protrusion (533) extends toward the connecting portion (550).
7. The single-cell battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the second direction (Y), the first flow channel (540) and the second flow channel (530) are centrally symmetrical about the midpoint of the connecting portion (550).
8. The single-cell battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the second direction (Y), the connecting part (550) has a first concave surface (551) and a second concave surface (552) on opposite sides. The first concave surface (551) is recessed away from the first end (510) along the second direction (Y), and the second concave surface (552) is recessed away from the second end (520) along the second direction (Y).
9. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single cell also includes a first insulating layer (400) disposed inside the housing (100). The first insulating layer (400) is disposed between the electrode assembly (300) and the housing (100). The first insulating layer (400) has a first limiting part (410) on the side facing the exhaust device (500). The exhaust device (500) has a second limiting part (560). The second limiting part (560) communicates with the first flow channel (540). The first limiting part (410) corresponds to the second limiting part (560).
10. A battery pack, characterized in that, The single-cell battery includes any one of claims 1 to 9.