axle box bearing dismounting machine

Abstract

The application relates to a shaft box bearing dismounting machine, which comprises a moving mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a dismounting assembly and a hydraulic system. The lifting mechanism of the shaft box bearing dismounting machine is composed of a first seat body, a second seat body, a first movable arm and a second movable arm into a parallelogram deformable structure, and the requirements of lifting and front and back moving of the dismounting assembly are met; the relative angle between the second seat body and the horizontal plane is always unchanged, so the relative angle between the dismounting assembly and the horizontal plane is also unchanged, the relative position precision of the dismounting assembly, the rotating shaft and the bearing to be dismounted is improved, the stress imbalance of the rotating shaft and the bearing to be dismounted in the dismounting process is avoided, the shaft box bearing is prevented from being damaged, and the dismounting safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and in particular to an axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the heavy-haul railway industry, the ownership rate of high-power electric locomotives is increasing year by year. The quality of locomotive maintenance is related to the safe and reliable operation of trains. However, the existing testing equipment and maintenance methods are outdated, and locomotive maintenance operations face problems such as a shortage of personnel, heavy maintenance tasks, and low levels of informatization. Moreover, the quality of maintenance is affected by the subjective factors of the operators, thus posing certain safety hazards. Therefore, intelligent and modern methods and means are needed to replace manual maintenance operations.

[0003] The assembly of locomotive axle box bearings is extremely precise. Using conventional electromagnetic heating or medium-frequency heating methods for disassembly and assembly may lead to unsuccessful attempts due to inaccurate temperature control, potentially damaging the axle box bearings and resulting in unnecessary material waste. Therefore, an axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine is needed to achieve this.

[0004] Axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machines disassemble bearings by pushing. However, if the disassembly components are not positioned correctly relative to the bearing and shaft during disassembly, it can easily lead to uneven stress on the bearing and shaft, resulting in damage to the axle box bearing. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a bearing box assembly and disassembly machine to address the problem that mismatches in the positions of the disassembly components, bearings, and shafts, as well as uneven forces on the shafts and bearings to be disassembled, can easily occur during the disassembly process, leading to damage to the bearing box.

[0006] This application provides a bearing box assembly / disassembly machine, comprising: a moving mechanism; a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism including a first base, a second base, a first movable arm, a second movable arm, and a first hydraulic cylinder, the first base being fixedly connected to the moving mechanism, the second base being located above the first base, the first movable arm and the second movable arm being arranged in parallel, the first hydraulic cylinder being arranged intersecting with the first movable arm and the second movable arm, the first movable arm, the second movable arm, and the first hydraulic cylinder being hinged to the first base and the second base, the hinge axis between the first movable arm and the first base and the hinge axis between the first hydraulic cylinder and the first base being coaxial, the hinge axis between the second movable arm and the second base and the hinge axis between the first hydraulic cylinder and the second base being coaxial; a disassembly assembly connected to the second base; and a hydraulic system installed on the moving mechanism, connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, for providing pressurized oil to the first hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, the second seat includes a first plate, a second plate, and a third plate; the first plate is horizontally arranged and hinged to the first movable arm, the second movable arm, and the first hydraulic cylinder respectively; the second plate and the third plate are arranged parallel to each other and are both vertically fixedly connected to the first plate, and the disassembly assembly is fixedly connected to the first plate, the second plate, and the third plate.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, the disassembly assembly includes a fixing part, a blocking part, a second hydraulic cylinder, and at least one connecting rod. The fixing part and the blocking part are vertically arranged and parallel to each other. The fixing part is connected to the second base body. The blocking part is provided with a groove. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the fixing part, and the other end is fixedly connected to the blocking part. The second hydraulic cylinder is horizontally fixed to the fixing part, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder faces the blocking part. The hydraulic system is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic system is also used to provide pressurized oil to the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, and a first directional control valve. The inlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank. The first directional control valve is a three-position four-way directional control valve, having a first inlet, a first return port, a first working port, and a second working port. The first inlet is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, the first return port is connected to the oil tank, the first working port is connected to the rod chamber of the second cylinder, and the second working port is connected to the rodless chamber of the second cylinder. When the first directional control valve is in a first position, the first inlet is connected to the first working port, and the first return port is connected to the second working port. When the first directional control valve is in a second position, the first inlet is connected to the second working port, and the first return port is connected to the first working port. When the first directional control valve is in a third position, the first inlet and the first return port are disconnected from the first working port and the second working port.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system further includes a first relief valve connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system further includes a first pressure sensor, which is connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump to obtain the pressure between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system further includes a second directional control valve, which is a three-position four-way directional control valve. The second directional control valve has a second inlet port, a second return port, a third working port, and a fourth working port. The second inlet port is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, the second return port is connected to the oil tank, the third working port is connected to the rod-side chamber of the first cylinder, and the fourth working port is connected to the rodless chamber of the first cylinder. When the second directional control valve is in the first position, the second inlet port is connected to the third working port, and the second return port is connected to the fourth working port. When the second directional control valve is in the second position, the second inlet port is connected to the fourth working port, and the second return port is connected to the third working port. When the second directional control valve is in the third position, both the second inlet port and the second return port are disconnected from the third working port and the fourth working port.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system further includes a second relief valve connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this application, the hydraulic system further includes a second pressure sensor, which is connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump to obtain the pressure between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine further includes: a connecting seat, the connecting seat being connected to one end of the piston rod of the second oil cylinder facing the blocking part; and an extrusion head, located on the side of the connecting seat away from the second oil cylinder, and detachably fixedly connected to the connecting seat.

[0016] The aforementioned axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine can be moved as a whole via a moving mechanism during the disassembly and assembly process. When the machine reaches a suitable position, a lifting mechanism can move the disassembly components to the bearing to be disassembled, facilitating disassembly. The lifting mechanism, consisting of a first base, a second base, a first movable arm, and a second movable arm, forms a deformable parallelogram structure, simultaneously meeting the needs of lifting and moving the disassembly components. During the deformation of the parallelogram deformable structure, the relative angle between the second base and the horizontal plane remains constant, thus ensuring that the relative angle between the disassembly components and the horizontal plane also remains unchanged. This improves the relative positional accuracy of the disassembly components, the rotating shaft, and the bearing to be disassembled, preventing uneven force distribution on the shaft and bearing during disassembly, thus preventing damage to the axle box bearing and enhancing disassembly and assembly safety. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of a bearing assembly / disassembly machine for a bearing box provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 The left view shows a bearing assembly / disassembly machine for a bearing box provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of a bearing assembly / disassembly machine for a bearing box provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 A hydraulic schematic diagram of a bearing box disassembly and assembly machine provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mating structure of the connecting seat and the extrusion head of the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation structure of the clamping plate and the blocking part of the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure label:

[0024] 100. Moving mechanism;

[0025] 200. Lifting mechanism; 210. First seat; 220. Second seat; 211. First plate; 212. Second plate; 213. Third plate; 230. First movable arm; 240. Second movable arm; 250. First hydraulic cylinder;

[0026] 300. Disassembly assembly; 310. Fixing part; 320. Blocking part; 321. Groove; 330. Second hydraulic cylinder; 340. Connecting rod;

[0027] 401. Oil tank; 402. Hydraulic pump; 403. First directional valve; 404. First relief valve; 405. First pressure sensor; 406. Second directional valve; 407. Second relief valve; 408. Second pressure sensor;

[0028] 510. Connecting seat; 520. Pressing head; 521. Threaded part; 522. Contact part;

[0029] 610. Clamping plate; 611. Strip hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0032] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0036] Combination Figures 1 to 3 An embodiment of this application provides an axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine including a moving mechanism 100. The moving mechanism 100 is used to realize the overall movement of the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine. Exemplarily, the moving mechanism 100 includes a moving base and a walking device. The walking device may include a plurality of moving wheels mounted on the moving base. The moving wheels may be braked wheels according to the position fixing requirements, for example, braked wheels with dual braking of electromagnetic brake and mechanical foot pedal.

[0037] Optionally, the walking device may also include a power component, such as a motor and a reducer, wherein the motor is connected to at least one moving wheel via the reducer, and the moving mechanism 100 can be driven to move when the motor is running.

[0038] Furthermore, the walking device may also include laser SLAM navigation or RFID positioning tags, enabling it to autonomously avoid obstacles along a preset path and achieve automatic docking at disassembly and assembly stations through intelligent positioning.

[0039] Of course, the walking device may also be without a power component. For example, the walking device also includes a push-pull handle, which is fixedly connected to the mobile base frame. The operator can move the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine by pushing and pulling the handle.

[0040] In some embodiments, the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine further includes a lifting mechanism 200, which includes a first base 210, a second base 220, a first movable arm 230, a second movable arm 240, and a first hydraulic cylinder 250. The first base 210 is fixedly connected to the moving mechanism 100, specifically to the moving base frame. The second base 220 is located above the first base 210. The first movable arm 230 and the second movable arm 240 are arranged in parallel. The first hydraulic cylinder 250 is arranged intersectingly with the first movable arm 230 and the second movable arm 240. The first movable arm 230, the second movable arm 240, and the first hydraulic cylinder 250 are all hinged to the first base 210 and the second base 220. The hinge axis of the first movable arm 230 and the first base 210 and the hinge axis of the first hydraulic cylinder 250 and the first base 210 are coaxial, and the hinge axis of the second movable arm 240 and the second base 220 and the hinge axis of the first hydraulic cylinder 250 and the second base 220 are coaxial.

[0041] The second seat 220 is raised and lowered vertically and moved horizontally by the extension and retraction drive of the first hydraulic cylinder 250. During this process, the first movable arm 230 and the second movable arm 240 swing synchronously. By utilizing the characteristics of the parallelogram structure, it is ensured that the second seat 220 always maintains a constant angle with the horizontal plane during the raising and lowering process.

[0042] Optionally, two first movable arms 230 are spaced apart along the extension direction of their hinge axes, and / or two second movable arms 240 are spaced apart along the extension direction of their hinge axes. This increases structural stability and further ensures that the second seat 220 maintains a constant angle with the horizontal plane during lifting.

[0043] The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine also includes a disassembly component 300, which is connected to the second base 220 and has a fixed relative position with the second base 220. This prevents the disassembly component 300 from deviating due to tilting, keeps the alignment error between the disassembly component 300 and the axle box bearing and shaft within a small range, reduces uneven force during bearing disassembly and assembly, and lowers the risk of damage.

[0044] The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine also includes a hydraulic system, which is installed on the moving mechanism 100 and connected to the first oil cylinder 250 to provide pressurized oil to the first oil cylinder 250. For example, the first oil cylinder 250 is a single-acting or double-acting oil cylinder (stroke 200mm-300mm, thrust 50kN-100kN), and is connected to the hydraulic system through a high-pressure oil pipe.

[0045] The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine of the above embodiment achieves overall movement through the moving mechanism 100. Utilizing the parallelogram deformable structure formed by the first seat 210, second seat 220, first movable arm 230, second movable arm 240, and first hydraulic cylinder 250 in the lifting mechanism 200, the second seat 220 remains horizontal during lifting, ensuring the relative positional accuracy between the disassembly component 300 and the axle box bearing and rotating shaft, and avoiding uneven force that could damage the bearing. At the same time, the hydraulic system provides stable pressure oil to drive the lifting of the first hydraulic cylinder 250. The overall structure is reliable and the positioning is accurate, effectively improving the safety and efficiency of axle box bearing disassembly and assembly.

[0046] In some embodiments, the second base 220 includes a first plate 211, a second plate 212, and a third plate 213. The first plate 211 is horizontally arranged, and its lower side is hinged to the first movable arm 230, the second movable arm 240, and the first hydraulic cylinder 250, forming a force-bearing support point. The second plate 212 and the third plate 213 are arranged parallel to each other and are both vertically fixed to the upper side of the first plate 211. The second plate 212 and the third plate 213, together with the first plate 211, form a mounting groove. The disassembly assembly 300 is located in the mounting groove, so that the installation position of the disassembly assembly 300 is limited within the groove, ensuring the stability of its connection with the lifting mechanism 200.

[0047] In this embodiment, the mounting groove of the second seat 220 acts as a mechanical limit for the disassembly assembly 300, preventing it from shifting laterally during lifting or disassembly, and improving the alignment accuracy between the disassembly assembly 300 and the axle box bearing. At the same time, the first plate 211 serves as the load-bearing base for the hinge fulcrum. By rationally distributing the hinge points (coaxial with the hydraulic cylinder and the movable arm), the load is evenly transferred to the first seat 210 during lifting, reducing stress concentration and extending the structural life. In addition, the open mounting groove facilitates the quick installation and replacement of the disassembly assembly 300.

[0048] Optionally, an adjustable limit guide rail is provided in the mounting slot. The second plate 212 and / or the third plate 213 are slidably mounted on the adjustable limit guide rail. The distance between the second plate 212 and the third plate 213 can be adjusted by bolt fixing or hydraulic drive, which is compatible with disassembly components 300 of different sizes (such as various bearing models adapted to DF and GK series locomotives), effectively improving versatility.

[0049] Optionally, the first plate 211, the second plate 212, and the third plate 213 are made of metal, such as steel plates, which have good rigidity and can prevent deformation of the first plate 211, the second plate 212, and the third plate 213 from affecting the alignment accuracy. Furthermore, triangular reinforcing ribs are provided on the inner side of the second plate 212 and the third plate 213, thereby reducing the overall weight while effectively improving the structural rigidity, thus enabling them to withstand high-frequency assembly and disassembly operations.

[0050] In some embodiments, the disassembly assembly 300 includes a fixing part 310, a blocking part 320, a second hydraulic cylinder 330, and at least one connecting rod 340.

[0051] The fixing part 310 is vertically arranged and connected to the second base 220. Specifically, the fixing part 310 is located in the mounting groove, and the fixing part 310 is fixedly connected to the first plate 211, the second plate 212 and the third plate 213 by means of welding, bonding or bolting.

[0052] The blocking part 320 is arranged vertically and parallel to the fixing part 310. The blocking part 320 is provided with a groove 321. The groove 321 is a semi-circular groove that penetrates the blocking part 320 along the thickness direction. The groove 321 forms an opening on the lower side of the blocking part 320. Thus, by moving the blocking part 320 downward, the rotating shaft can be inserted into the groove 321, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the bearing.

[0053] One end of the connecting rod 340 is fixedly connected to the fixing part 310, and the other end is fixedly connected to the blocking part 320, thereby fixing the relative position of the fixing part 310 and the blocking part 320. Multiple connecting rods 340 can be provided as needed; for example, four connecting rods 340 can be arranged in a rectangular array. The connecting rod 340 can be a rod structure with a circular, polygonal, or irregular cross-section; no specific limitation is made here.

[0054] The second hydraulic cylinder 330 is horizontally fixed to the fixing part 310, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 330 faces the blocking part 320. For example, the fixing part 310 is provided with a through hole, which extends through the fixing part 310 along the extending direction of the fixing part 310 and the blocking part 320. The second hydraulic cylinder 330 passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the fixing part 310 by means of, for example, threaded engagement or welding. When the second hydraulic cylinder 330 extends, the end of the piston rod away from the cylinder moves toward the blocking part 320 and can pass through the groove 321 of the blocking part 320.

[0055] The hydraulic system is connected to the second cylinder 330 and is also used to provide pressurized oil to the second cylinder 330.

[0056] When disassembling a bearing using the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine of this embodiment, the machine is moved to a suitable position by the moving mechanism 100, and then the height of the disassembly assembly 300 is lowered by the lifting mechanism 200. This positions the axle box shaft within the groove 321 of the blocking part 320, and the bearing between the blocking part 320 and the fixing part 310. At this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 330 is coaxial with the shaft and the bearing. The hydraulic system drives the second hydraulic cylinder 330 to extend and push the shaft. Under the reaction force, the fixing part 310 and the blocking part 320 move in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the second hydraulic cylinder 330. Simultaneously, the blocking part 320 pushes the bearing in that direction until the bearing is disengaged from the shaft, thus achieving the removal of the axle box bearing. When installing a bearing using the circumferential bearing disassembly and assembly machine of this embodiment, the bearing can be fixed to the shaft by the blocking part 320, and then fitted onto the shaft by the second hydraulic cylinder 330 pushing the bearing towards the shaft.

[0057] Combination Figure 4 In some embodiments, the hydraulic system includes an oil tank 401, a hydraulic pump 402, and a first directional valve 403. The inlet of the hydraulic pump 402 is connected to the oil tank 401. The first directional valve 403 is a three-position four-way directional valve, having a first inlet, a first return port, a first working port, and a second working port. The first inlet is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402, the first return port is connected to the oil tank 401, the first working port is connected to the rod chamber of the second cylinder 330, and the second working port is connected to the rodless chamber of the second cylinder 330. When the first directional valve 403 is in the first position, the first inlet is connected to the first working port, and the first return port is connected to the second working port. When the first directional valve 403 is in the second position, the first inlet is connected to the second working port, and the first return port is connected to the first working port. When the first directional valve 403 is in the third position, the first oil inlet and the first oil return are disconnected from the first working oil port and the second working oil port.

[0058] The hydraulic pump 402 draws oil from the oil tank 401 and outputs it to the first oil inlet of the first directional valve 403. The first directional valve 403 is connected to the rod chamber and rodless chamber of the second cylinder 330 and the oil tank 401 through four oil ports. By switching the three positions of the first directional valve 403 (first position, second position, and third position), the flow direction of the hydraulic oil and the circuit opening and closing are controlled, so as to achieve precise control of the piston movement direction of the second cylinder 330, thereby driving the pushing or retracting action of the disassembly component 300. When the first directional valve 403 is in the first position, the pressure oil output by the hydraulic pump 402 flows into the first working port through the first inlet and enters the rod chamber of the second cylinder 330, pushing the piston to retract. The oil in the rodless chamber flows back to the oil tank 401 through the second working port and the first return port, realizing the reset action of the disassembly assembly 300. When the first directional valve 403 is in the second position, the pressure oil flows into the second working port through the first inlet and enters the rodless chamber of the second cylinder 330, pushing the piston to extend. The oil in the rod chamber flows back to the oil tank 401 through the first working port and the first return port, driving the disassembly assembly 300 to perform a pushing disassembly action. When the first directional valve 403 is in the third position, all oil ports are disconnected, the hydraulic pump 402 idles and is unloaded, and the piston of the second cylinder 330 is locked in the current position, keeping the disassembly assembly 300 stationary.

[0059] By switching the position of the three-position four-way directional valve, the bidirectional motion control of the second hydraulic cylinder 330 is realized. The action switching response time is short and the pushing force output stability error is small, ensuring that the disassembly component 300 accurately executes the work process.

[0060] Optionally, the first directional valve 403 is an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve, which continuously adjusts the oil flow direction and flow rate by inputting analog signals through the PLC, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the speed of the second cylinder 330. This can adapt to the force requirements of different bearing disassembly and assembly (such as low-speed pushing of precision bearings) and effectively improve control accuracy.

[0061] Optionally, the hydraulic system also includes an accumulator assembly. When the piston extends in the second position, the accumulator assembly releases the stored pressurized oil, reducing the instantaneous load on the hydraulic pump 402. At the same time, it uses the cylinder reset energy in the first position to charge the accumulator, effectively reducing the overall energy consumption of the machine.

[0062] In some embodiments, the hydraulic system further includes a first relief valve 404 connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402.

[0063] A first relief valve 404 is connected in series between the outlet of hydraulic pump 402 and the first inlet of the first directional valve 403. Its set pressure is higher than the normal operating pressure of the system (e.g., set to 60MPa, with a system operating pressure ≤ 50MPa). When the output pressure of hydraulic pump 402 exceeds the set value of the relief valve, the relief valve automatically opens, and excess oil flows back to the oil tank 401 via a bypass, thereby limiting the maximum system pressure. The first relief valve 404, through its relief unloading function, prevents system pressure from exceeding limits due to abnormal conditions such as directional valve jamming or sudden changes in cylinder load, avoiding damage to components such as hydraulic pump 402 and oil pipes due to high-pressure overload. It also reduces impact loads on mechanical structures, extending equipment lifespan. Its pressure stabilizing effect keeps system operating pressure fluctuations within a small range, ensuring the stability of the pushing force of disassembly component 300 and improving bearing disassembly and assembly accuracy.

[0064] For example, the first relief valve 404 includes a pilot-operated relief valve and a direct-acting relief valve connected in parallel. The pilot-operated relief valve is used for normal overload protection of the system (e.g., setting pressure 60MPa), and the direct-acting relief valve serves as a safety redundancy (e.g., setting pressure 65MPa), forming dual protection to adapt to pressure changes under extreme conditions (such as instantaneous high pressure when a bearing is stuck).

[0065] For example, the pilot control port of the first relief valve 404 is led out through a pipeline and connected to a manual pressure regulating valve or an electric proportional pressure regulating module. The operator can adjust the maximum system pressure in real time on the equipment control panel or remote terminal to adapt to the disassembly and assembly force requirements of different bearing models.

[0066] In some embodiments, the hydraulic system further includes a first pressure sensor 405, which is connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402 and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump 402 to obtain the pressure between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402.

[0067] The first pressure sensor 405 is connected in series in the oil line between the outlet and the first inlet of the hydraulic pump 402, and its signal output terminal is electrically connected to the control unit (such as a motor driver) of the hydraulic pump 402. The sensor collects the hydraulic oil pressure value in this range in real time and converts the analog signal into an electrical signal to feed back to the control unit, forming a closed-loop control link.

[0068] When hydraulic pump 402 starts and outputs pressurized oil, the first pressure sensor 405 synchronously monitors the oil circuit pressure and transmits the data to the control unit. If the pressure is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., system working pressure 50MPa), the control unit increases the motor power of hydraulic pump 402 to increase the output pressure; if the pressure exceeds the threshold, the control unit reduces the motor power or triggers the relief valve to unload, thereby maintaining the system pressure stable within the target range (e.g., 50MPa±2MPa).

[0069] This embodiment uses real-time feedback to control system pressure fluctuations within a preset range, preventing inaccurate movements of the disassembly component 300 due to unstable pressure and improving the precision of bearing assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, it can be linked with the relief valve to achieve dual overload protection. When the pressure exceeds a set safety value (e.g., 60MPa), the control unit automatically stops and unloads, reducing the risk of overload damage to components such as the hydraulic pump 402 and oil pipes, and preventing damage to bearings and shafts. In addition, the output of the hydraulic pump 402 is dynamically adjusted according to the actual load, reducing power loss during no-load operation and overall system energy consumption.

[0070] In some embodiments, the hydraulic system further includes a second directional valve 406, which is a three-position four-way directional valve. The second directional valve 406 has a second inlet port, a second return port, a third working port, and a fourth working port. The second inlet port is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402, the second return port is connected to the oil tank 401, the third working port is connected to the rod chamber of the first cylinder 250, and the fourth working port is connected to the rodless chamber of the first cylinder 250. When the second directional valve 406 is in the first position, the second inlet port is connected to the third working port, and the second return port is connected to the fourth working port. When the second directional valve 406 is in the second position, the second inlet port is connected to the fourth working port, and the second return port is connected to the third working port. When the second directional valve 406 is in the third position, both the second inlet port and the second return port are disconnected from the third working port and the fourth working port.

[0071] In this embodiment, hydraulic pump 402 supplies oil to the first cylinder 250, and the extension and retraction control of the first cylinder 250 is achieved by the valve position control of the second directional valve 406. Specifically, when the second directional valve 406 is in the first position, the pressure oil supplied by hydraulic pump 402 can flow into the rod chamber of the first cylinder 250, and the hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the first cylinder 250 can flow back into the oil tank 401, the first cylinder 250 retracts, and the lifting mechanism 200 drives the disassembly assembly 300 to descend; when the second directional valve 406 is in the first position, the first cylinder 250 retracts, and the lifting mechanism 200 drives the disassembly assembly 300 to descend; when the second directional valve 406 is in the first position, the first cylinder 250 retracts, and the lifting mechanism 200 drives the disassembly assembly 300 to descend. When the 06 is in the second working position, the pressure oil provided by the hydraulic pump 402 can flow into the rodless chamber of the first cylinder 250, and the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber of the first cylinder 250 can flow back into the oil tank 401. The first cylinder 250 retracts, and the lifting mechanism 200 drives the disassembly assembly 300 to rise. When the second reversing valve 406 is in the third working position, all oil ports are disconnected, the hydraulic pump 402 idles to unload or supplies oil to the disassembly assembly 300, the piston of the first cylinder 250 is locked in the current position, and the lifting mechanism 200 remains stationary.

[0072] The second directional valve 406 in this embodiment can adopt the same or similar structural form as the first directional valve 403, which will not be described in detail here.

[0073] Optionally, the hydraulic system also includes a second relief valve 407, connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402. For example, the second relief valve 407 is a relief valve of model DBW20B-5X / 315-6EG24N9K4, connected in parallel between the second oil inlet of the second directional valve 406 and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402 as a pressure protection device. It adopts a pilot-operated structure, with a set pressure higher than the working pressure of the lifting mechanism 200. When the system pressure is normal, the second relief valve 407 is closed, and the pressurized oil output from the hydraulic pump 402 flows to the second directional valve 406 through the second oil inlet. When an abnormal situation occurs (such as directional valve jamming or cylinder overload) causing the inlet pressure to exceed the set value, the pilot stage of the relief valve opens first, followed by the main valve, releasing excess flow back to the oil tank 401, stabilizing the system pressure within the set range. This effectively prevents system overpressure accidents.

[0074] In some embodiments, the hydraulic system further includes a second pressure sensor 408, which is connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402 and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump 402 to obtain the pressure between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402.

[0075] For example, the second pressure sensor 408 is connected in parallel to the high-pressure oil circuit between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump 402 via a tee connector. It is also connected to the controller of the hydraulic pump 402 via a shielded cable. When the hydraulic pump 402 starts, the second pressure sensor 408 collects pressure data at the second oil inlet in real time, and transmits it to the controller of the hydraulic pump 402 after A / D conversion. The controller of the hydraulic pump 402 controls the operation of the hydraulic pump 402 based on the detection signals of the second pressure sensor 408 and / or the first pressure sensor 405. This effectively reduces the risk of oil pipe rupture and lowers the energy consumption of the hydraulic pump 402 motor.

[0076] Combination Figure 5 In some embodiments, the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine further includes a connecting seat 510 and an extrusion head 520. The connecting seat 510 is connected to the end of the piston rod of the second cylinder 330 facing the blocking part 320, and the extrusion head 520 is located on the side of the connecting seat 510 away from the second cylinder 330 and is detachably fixedly connected to the connecting seat 510.

[0077] For example, the connecting seat 510 has a cylindrical structure. The connecting seat 510 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the second oil cylinder 330 by means such as welding. The connecting seat 510 is provided with a threaded hole. The extrusion head 520 includes a threaded part 521 and a contact part 522. The threaded part 521 is fixedly connected to the contact part 522 and is threadedly connected to the connecting seat 510.

[0078] In this embodiment, the second hydraulic cylinder 330 applies pressure to the rotating shaft of the shaft box through the connecting seat 510 and the extrusion head 520. On the one hand, this can prevent the second hydraulic cylinder 330 from directly extruding the rotating shaft and causing damage. On the other hand, the extrusion head 520 is detachably connected to the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 330, so that it is easy to replace when the extrusion head 520 is damaged.

[0079] Optionally, multiple extrusion heads 520 are provided, and at least two of the extrusion heads 520 have different end face areas at the ends facing away from the second hydraulic cylinder 330. The multiple extrusion heads 520 are interchangeably connected to the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 330. For example, an extrusion head 520 includes a threaded portion 521 and a contact portion 522. The contact portion 522 is cylindrical and aligned with the axis of the threaded portion 521. The threaded portions 521 of each extrusion head 520 have the same dimensions, and at least two contact portions 522 have different radial dimensions, so that the end face dimensions of at least two contact portions 522 facing away from the threaded portion 521 are different. Therefore, not only can the extrusion head 520 be replaced when it is deformed or damaged, but an extrusion head 520 of appropriate size can also be selected according to the size of the shaft or bearing.

[0080] Combination Figure 6 In some embodiments, the axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine further includes a clamping plate 610. The clamping plate 610 is provided with a strip-shaped hole 611, and is fixed to the blocking part 320 by bolts passing through the strip-shaped hole 611. There are two clamping plates 610, which are located on the same side of the blocking part 320 and are arranged opposite each other in the horizontal direction. By adjusting the distance between a pair of clamping plates 610, shafts of different sizes can be accommodated. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0081] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bearing assembly and disassembly machine for a bearing housing, characterized in that, include: Mobile mechanism (100); A lifting mechanism (200) includes a first base (210), a second base (220), a first movable arm (230), a second movable arm (240), and a first hydraulic cylinder (250). The first base (210) is fixedly connected to the moving mechanism (100). The second base (220) is located above the first base (210). The first movable arm (230) and the second movable arm (240) are arranged in parallel. The first hydraulic cylinder (250) is connected to the first movable arm (230) and the second movable arm (240). 240) The first movable arm (230), the second movable arm (240) and the first hydraulic cylinder (250) are all hinged to the first seat (210) and the second seat (220). The hinge axis of the first movable arm (230) and the first seat (210) and the hinge axis of the first hydraulic cylinder (250) and the first seat (210) are coaxial. The hinge axis of the second movable arm (240) and the second seat (220) and the hinge axis of the first hydraulic cylinder (250) and the second seat (220) are coaxial. Disassemble the component (300) and connect it to the second base (220); A hydraulic system, installed on the moving mechanism (100) and connected to the first cylinder (250), is used to provide pressurized oil to the first cylinder (250).

2. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second seat (220) includes a first plate (211), a second plate (212), and a third plate (213); the first plate (211) is horizontally arranged and is hinged to the first movable arm (230), the second movable arm (240), and the first hydraulic cylinder (250), respectively; the second plate (212) and the third plate (213) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and are both vertically fixedly connected to the first plate (211); the disassembly assembly (300) is fixedly connected to the first plate (211), the second plate (212), and the third plate (213).

3. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The disassembly assembly (300) includes a fixing part (310), a blocking part (320), a second hydraulic cylinder (330), and at least one connecting rod (340). The fixing part (310) and the blocking part (320) are arranged vertically and parallel to each other. The fixing part (310) is connected to the second seat (220). The blocking part (320) is provided with a groove (321). One end of the connecting rod (340) is fixedly connected to the fixing part (310), and the other end is fixedly connected to the blocking part (320). The second hydraulic cylinder (330) is horizontally fixed to the fixing part (310), and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (330) faces the blocking part (320). The hydraulic system is connected to the second cylinder (330) and is also used to provide pressurized oil to the second cylinder (330).

4. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic system includes an oil tank (401), a hydraulic pump (402), and a first directional valve (403). The inlet of the hydraulic pump (402) is connected to the oil tank (401). The first directional valve (403) is a three-position four-way directional valve. The first directional valve (403) has a first oil inlet, a first oil return outlet, a first working oil port, and a second working oil port. The first oil inlet is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402). The first oil return outlet is connected to the oil tank (401). The first working oil port is connected to the rod chamber of the second cylinder (330). The second working oil port is connected to the rodless chamber of the second cylinder (330). When the first reversing valve (403) is placed in the first working position, the first oil inlet is connected to the first working oil port, and the first oil return port is connected to the second working oil port. When the first reversing valve (403) is placed in the second working position, the first oil inlet is connected to the second working oil port, and the first oil return port is connected to the first working oil port. When the first reversing valve (403) is in the third position, the first oil inlet and the first oil return are disconnected from the first working oil port and the second working oil port.

5. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic system also includes a first relief valve (404) connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402).

6. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic system further includes a first pressure sensor (405), which is connected between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402) and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump (402) to obtain the pressure between the first oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402).

7. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic system also includes a second directional valve (406), which is a three-position four-way directional valve. The second directional valve (406) has a second oil inlet, a second oil return, a third working oil port and a fourth working oil port. The second oil inlet is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402), the second oil return is connected to the oil tank (401), the third working oil port is connected to the rod chamber of the first cylinder (250), and the fourth working oil port is connected to the rodless chamber of the first cylinder (250). When the second reversing valve (406) is placed in the first position, the second oil inlet is connected to the third working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the fourth working oil port; When the second reversing valve (406) is in the second working position, the second oil inlet is connected to the fourth working oil port, and the second oil return port is connected to the third working oil port; When the second reversing valve (406) is in the third position, the second oil inlet and the second oil return are disconnected from the third working oil port and the fourth working oil port.

8. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydraulic system also includes a second relief valve (407) connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402).

9. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydraulic system also includes a second pressure sensor (408), which is connected between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402) and is signal-connected to the hydraulic pump (402) to obtain the pressure between the second oil inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump (402).

10. The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The axle box bearing disassembly and assembly machine also includes: A connecting seat (510) is connected to one end of the piston rod of the second cylinder (330) facing the blocking part (320); The extrusion head (520) is located on the side of the connecting seat (510) away from the second oil cylinder (330) and is detachably fixedly connected to the connecting seat (510).

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