Overhead multi-nozzle gasifier

Abstract

A kind of overhead multi-nozzle gasification furnace, gasification furnace shell top is provided with furnace upper head, bottom is provided with ash outlet, furnace upper head top is provided with burner mounting seat, the center position of burner mounting seat is provided with ignition start integrated burner, at least two groups of process burners are provided outside, gasification furnace shell is divided into gasification chamber and quenching chamber by furnace bottom plate, combustion cavity is formed by water-cooled wall coil winding in gasification chamber, water inlet of water-cooled wall coil is connected with water inlet of water-cooled wall, outlet is connected with water outlet of water-cooled wall, lower portion of combustion cavity is provided with slag outlet, spray ring pipe is arranged on the lower portion of furnace bottom plate, drop tube is arranged at the opening of the bottom of furnace bottom plate, quenching ring is arranged outside drop tube at the bottom of furnace bottom plate, synthetic gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of quenching chamber;The device can adapt to multiple coal, ensure long period, safe and stable operation of gasification furnace, reduce or avoid the influence of frequent start and stop of gasification device caused by frequent replacement of coal on production capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of gasification furnace technology, specifically relating to a top-mounted multi-nozzle gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] my country's energy structure has long been characterized by "limited oil and abundant coal." As the primary energy source, the clean and efficient utilization of coal is crucial for ensuring energy security and sustainable development. Gasification technology, as the core means of clean coal conversion, transforms coal into syngas, enabling high-value applications of coal in multiple fields such as chemical engineering and energy, and has become an important pathway to promote the clean utilization of coal.

[0003] Currently, mainstream coal-water slurry gasification and pulverized coal gasification technologies face significant technical bottlenecks in practical applications. Existing gasifiers have obvious limitations in adaptability to different coal types, making it difficult to efficiently process coal resources of varying qualities and characteristics. This results in a low proportion of coal used for gasification in total coal consumption, severely restricting the large-scale promotion of coal gasification technology. This problem essentially stems from the lack of flexible adjustment mechanisms for coal quality parameters (such as volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash fusion point) in gasifiers, making it impossible to dynamically match process parameters according to differences in coal types.

[0004] In multi-coal blending scenarios, the technical challenges are even more pronounced. The significant differences in ash melting point and ash viscosity among different coal types easily lead to slag outlet blockage, threatening the continuous and stable operation of the gasifier. The complexity of multi-coal combustion conditions exacerbates burner burn-out, resulting in increased equipment maintenance costs and more frequent shutdowns. Taking pulverized coal gasification as an example, raising the furnace temperature to ensure smooth discharge of molten slag from the slag outlet can cause syngas to carry incompletely gasified coal slag filaments. These high-speed flowing filaments can easily wear through the syngas pipeline, creating a significant safety hazard. In coal-water slurry gasification, increasing the central oxygen content to enhance the gasification reaction can cause localized overheating and damage to the refractory bricks used in the gasifier's slag outlet structure, significantly shortening the service life of the refractory materials and substantially increasing equipment maintenance costs.

[0005] Meanwhile, the problem of treating large amounts of organic wastewater generated during industrial production is becoming increasingly serious. Traditional gasifiers, when attempting to co-fire organic wastewater, generally suffer from unstable gasification processes, accelerated equipment corrosion, and decreased syngas quality, making it difficult to achieve the harmless and resource-based treatment of organic wastewater. Existing technologies cannot effectively balance the thermodynamic compatibility of organic wastewater and coal gasification reactions, and lack effective means to inhibit corrosive components in organic wastewater, resulting in serious damage to the reliability and economy of gasification system operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a new type of gasifier that is compatible with multiple types of coal and can efficiently treat industrial organic waste liquid. This top-mounted multi-nozzle gasifier breaks through the technical bottleneck of clean and efficient utilization of coal and rational disposal of industrial organic waste liquid.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A top-mounted multi-nozzle gasifier includes a gasifier shell, a furnace body upper end cap at the top of the gasifier shell, and an ash outlet at the bottom. A burner mounting seat is provided on the top of the furnace body upper end cap. An integrated ignition and start-up burner is provided at the center of the burner mounting seat. At least two sets of process burners are provided outside the integrated ignition and start-up burner on the burner mounting seat. The process burners are evenly distributed on the same virtual circle, the center of which is located at the geometric center of the integrated ignition and start-up burner. A furnace bottom plate is provided in the middle of the gasifier shell, dividing the gasifier shell into two parts: an upper gasification chamber and a lower quench chamber. A combustion cavity is formed by water-cooled wall coils within the gasification chamber. Corresponding to the combustion cavity, a gasifier is provided on the side wall of the gasifier shell. The high-pressure CO2 inlet and the water inlet of the water-cooled wall coil are connected to the water-cooled wall inlet on the side wall of the gasifier shell via pipes, and the outlet is connected to the water-cooled wall outlet on the upper end cap of the furnace body via pipes. A slag discharge port is provided at the lower part of the combustion cavity, and the bottom of the slag discharge port is connected to the furnace bottom plate. A spray ring pipe is provided at the lower part of the furnace bottom plate, and the inlet of the spray ring pipe is connected to the spray water inlet on the side wall of the gasifier shell via pipes. A downcomer is provided at the bottom opening of the furnace bottom plate, and a quench ring is provided outside the downcomer at the bottom of the furnace bottom plate. The quench ring is connected to the quench water inlet and quench water outlet on the side wall of the gasifier shell via pipes. A syngas outlet is provided on the side wall of the quench chamber.

[0008] The slag discharge port of this utility model is formed by coiling water-cooled pipes. The water-cooled pipes are connected to the slag discharge port inlet and the slag discharge port outlet respectively, which are set on the side wall of the gasifier shell. The longitudinal section of the slag discharge port is a hollow cylinder in the middle and hollow conical structure that radiates outward at both ends.

[0009] The quenching ring of this utility model is as follows: the bottom of the quenching ring body is connected to the downcomer pipe, several sets of mounting holes are machined on the outer edge of the quenching ring body, a water distribution cavity is machined in the middle of the quenching ring body, several sets of water passage holes are evenly distributed on the lower part of the quenching ring body, one set of water passage holes serves as water outlet holes and the remaining water passage holes serve as water inlet holes, pipes and connecting flanges are provided outside the water passage holes, the water passage holes are connected to the water distribution cavity, a semi-circular ring is provided on the inner side wall of the quenching ring body, and an annular cavity is formed between the semi-circular ring and the quenching ring body, the upper part of the annular cavity is connected to the water distribution cavity, and the lower part has a water outlet annular cavity.

[0010] The lower part of the semi-circular ring of this invention is evenly processed with cooling water holes, which are connected to the annular cavity. A buffer water ring is installed in the water outlet annular cavity.

[0011] The spray ring pipe of this utility model is made of several sections of arc-shaped pipe connected end to end, and several sets of spray holes are machined on the arc-shaped pipe.

[0012] In this invention, several sets of bubble breakers are provided between the outer wall of the downcomer and the inner wall of the gasifier shell, and a downcomer support is provided between the downcomer wall and the inner wall of the gasifier shell.

[0013] The present invention has a baffle plate at the syngas outlet.

[0014] The lower part of the gasification chamber of this utility model is provided with a slag discharge port support. The slag discharge port support is located on the upper part of the furnace bottom plate. Refractory bricks are provided on the inner wall of the gasifier shell to form a combustion cavity. Refractory bricks are provided on the inner wall of the slag discharge port support to form a slag discharge port. The bottom of the slag discharge port is connected to the furnace bottom plate. The longitudinal section of the slag discharge port is a hollow cylinder in the middle and hollow conical structure that radiates outward at both ends.

[0015] The present invention has an ascending pipe outside the descending pipe. The upper part of the ascending pipe is lower than the upper part of the descending pipe, and the lower part is lower than the lower part of the descending pipe. An internal support for the ascending pipe is provided between the descending pipe and the ascending pipe, and an external support for the ascending pipe is provided between the wall of the lower ascending pipe and the inner wall of the gasifier shell.

[0016] The process burner of this utility model includes an outer cooling water jacket and an inner cooling water jacket. A pulverized coal or nitrogen channel is formed between the outer cooling water jacket and the inner cooling water jacket. A pulverized coal cyclone is provided at the outlet end of the pulverized coal or nitrogen channel. The pulverized coal cyclone is a spiral strip arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the inner cooling water jacket. An oxygen or steam channel is formed inside the inner cooling water jacket. An oxygen cyclone is provided at the outlet of the oxygen or steam channel. The oxygen cyclone is composed of at least three sets of swirl blades twisted around the outer periphery of a cross-shaped cyclone body.

[0017] This invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0018] 1. This utility model adopts a top-mounted nozzle design, with a central integrated burner for ignition / furnace start-up and process control. During the start-up (furnace drying) phase, the integrated burner serves to ignite, heat up, and pressurize the furnace. When the furnace temperature and pressure reach the process requirements, the central integrated burner initiates the process feeding. After the central process burner's feeding stabilizes, the peripheral process burners begin feeding. Alternatively, the peripheral central burners can feed first, and after the process stabilizes, the central integrated burner can feed. The central ignition integrated burner uses a jet (or swirl) flow design, which effectively melts slag at the slag inlet during normal gasification. The circumferential process burners use a swirl (or jet) flow structure, which allows for thorough mixing and gasification of the materials, achieving a complete reaction. Simultaneously, the swirl flow structure allows the materials to rotate circumferentially within the gasifier, increasing the material's travel distance and extending the residence time, resulting in a more complete reaction. The jet or swirl flow method is selected based on the furnace length. Meanwhile, during normal operation, the integrated ignition burner can select pulverized coal, coal-water slurry, and waste liquid (waste gas) depending on the material, and can handle large quantities of waste liquid (waste gas). The process burner can also use coal-water slurry, pulverized coal, or waste liquid (waste gas) for gasification reaction depending on the situation.

[0019] 2. The integrated ignition burner of this utility model is simultaneously mounted on the burner mounting base along with each process burner, eliminating the complex operation of switching the integrated ignition burner during gasifier start-up. Multiple process burners are evenly distributed on the same virtual circle of the burner mounting base. This increases the coal feed rate of the gasifier, solving the problem of low coal feed rate and low production capacity when using a single burner arrangement. Furthermore, the multi-nozzle arrangement allows for more even spraying of pulverized coal and oxygen into the gasifier, resulting in better atomization, mixing, and combustion. Simultaneously, the temperature at the center and inner wall of the gasifier furnace becomes more uniform, eliminating temperature deviations within the furnace and providing an accurate basis for judging the temperature inside the gasifier. This reduces the impact on process operations, ensuring long-term, safe, and stable operation of the gasifier. It also reduces or avoids the impact of frequent start-ups and shutdowns on the gasification unit's production capacity, minimizing economic losses and improving economic efficiency. Simultaneously, it improves the speed of heating and pressurization during normal gasifier operation and the accuracy of remote operation.

[0020] 3. The slag discharge port of this utility model adopts the form of a water coil, which can produce steam as a by-product. At the same time, the slag discharge port adopts a contraction and expansion form, so that the high-temperature synthesis gas first contracts and accelerates when it reaches the gasification chamber outlet, and then diffuses. This can effectively accelerate the synthesis gas. During the accelerated diffusion process, it can effectively carry away the molten ash adhering to the slag discharge port and prevent the slag discharge port from being blocked.

[0021] 4. In this invention, the quench water enters the quench ring and flows out in a rotating manner from the quench water outlet ring gap, forming a uniform water film on the downcomer. This prevents the high-temperature syngas from burning the downcomer and simultaneously lowers the syngas temperature. The quench water then flows into the quench chamber through the downcomer, creating a liquid level inside. After the syngas enters the quench chamber through the downcomer, the quench water in the quench chamber performs a primary wash on the syngas and simultaneously cools it. During gasification furnace operation, the spray ring pipe sprays atomized water droplets into the quench chamber for a secondary wash of the syngas, effectively removing any ash carried in the syngas. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is another embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate quenching ring 14.

[0026] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Top view.

[0027] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central spray ring pipe 20.

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle and lower slag inlet 8.

[0029] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the burner mounting base 3.

[0030] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Top view.

[0031] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the process burner 2.

[0032] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A-direction view.

[0033] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of oxygen cyclone separator 2-4.

[0034] Figure 13 yes Figure 12The left view.

[0035] Figure 14 yes Figure 12 Sectional view along direction A.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Integrated ignition and start-up burner; 2. Process burner; 3. Burner mounting base; 4. Water-cooled wall outlet; 5. Furnace body upper end cap; 6. Water-cooled wall coil; 7. High-pressure CO2 inlet; 8. Slag outlet; 9. Furnace bottom plate; 10. Slag outlet water inlet; 11. Syngas outlet; 12. Baffle plate; 13. Quenching water inlet; 14. Quenching ring; 15. Downcomer; 16. Bubble breaker; 17. Downcomer support; 18. Ash outlet; 19. Quenching water outlet; 20. Spray ring pipe; 21. Spray water inlet; 22. Slag outlet water inlet; 23. Water-cooled wall inlet; 24. Gasifier shell; 25. Refractory brick; 26. Slag outlet support; 27. Ascending pipe; 28. Ascending pipe internal support; 29. ​​Ascending pipe external support. Support; 2-1, External cooling water jacket; 2-2, Pulverized coal hydrocyclone; 2-3, Internal cooling water jacket; 2-4, Oxygen hydrocyclone; 2-4-1, Hydrocyclone blades; 2-4-2, Cross-shaped hydrocyclone body; 3-1, Ignition and start-up integrated burner installation channel; 3-2, Process burner installation channel; 3-3, Cooling water outlet; 3-4, Cooling water coil; 3-5, Refractory material; 3-6, Cooling water inlet; 8-1, Water-cooled pipe; 14-1, Mounting hole; 14-2, Quenching ring body; 14-3, Semi-circular ring; 14-4, Annular cavity; 14-5, Quenching water hole; 14-6, Water outlet annular gap; 14-7, Water distribution cavity; 14-8, Pipe and connecting flange; 14-9, Water passage hole; 14-10, Buffer water ring. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] exist Figure 1 , 8In the present invention, the top-mounted multi-nozzle gasifier includes a gasifier shell 24. The top of the gasifier shell 24 is provided with a furnace body upper end cap 5 and the bottom is provided with an ash outlet 18. The furnace body adopts a split structure, which is convenient for later maintenance and replacement of internal components. The top of the furnace body upper end cap 5 is provided with a burner mounting seat 3. The burner mounting seat 3 can be disassembled separately to facilitate internal maintenance of the gasifier. An ignition-start integrated burner installation channel 3-1 is machined at the center of the burner mounting base 3. The ignition-start integrated burner 1 is installed in the ignition-start integrated burner installation channel 3-1. At least two sets of process burner installation channels 3-2 are provided on the outer side of the ignition-start integrated burner installation channel 3-1 on the burner mounting base 3. The process burner installation channels 3-2 are evenly distributed on the same virtual circle. The center of the virtual circle is located at the geometric center of the ignition-start integrated burner installation channel 3-1. In this embodiment, three or six sets of process burner installation channels 3-2 are provided. The process burner installation channels 3-2 can divide the virtual circle where the burner mounting base 2 is located into three or six equal parts, so as to achieve uniform combustion within the virtual circle and make the temperature in any space of the gasifier consistent with the furnace chamber of the gasifier, thus eliminating temperature deviation.

[0040] The burner mounting base 3 is symmetrically provided with a cooling water outlet 3-3 and a cooling water inlet 3-6. The cooling water coil 3-4 is connected to the cooling water outlet 3-3 and the cooling water inlet 3-6. The cooling water coil 3-4 is coiled around the ignition and start-up integrated burner mounting channel 3-1 and the process burner mounting channel 3-2 to provide water cooling protection for the burner. At the same time, the cooling water coil 3-4 can produce steam. The upper part of the burner mounting base 3 is filled with refractory material 3-5 to prevent the high temperature flame from burning the burner mounting base 3 and the cooling water coil 3-4.

[0041] The structure of the integrated ignition and start-up burner 1 in this embodiment is the same as that of the burner in the invention patent application with application number CN202510523207.5, entitled "Integrated Pulverized Coal Burner and Ignition Method Thereof". The process burner 2 includes an outer cooling water jacket 2-1 and an inner cooling water jacket 2-3. A pulverized coal or nitrogen channel is formed between the outer cooling water jacket 2-1 and the inner cooling water jacket 2-3. A pulverized coal cyclone 2-2 is provided at the outlet end of the pulverized coal or nitrogen channel. The pulverized coal cyclone 2-2 is a spiral strip arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the inner cooling water jacket 2-3. An oxygen or steam channel is formed inside the inner cooling water jacket 2-3. An oxygen cyclone 2-4 is provided at the outlet of the oxygen or steam channel. The oxygen cyclone 2-4 is composed of at least 3 sets of swirl blades 2-4-1 twisted around the outer periphery of the cross-shaped cyclone body 2-4-2. In this embodiment, 6 sets of swirl blades 2-4-1 are provided. The oxygen hydrocyclone 2-4 is integrally machined, and the cyclone blade 2-4-1 is twisted. After the oxygen passes through the hydrocyclone, the swirling is smooth and the swirling effect is better.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, a furnace bottom plate 9 is provided in the middle of the gasifier shell 24. The furnace bottom plate 9 has a tapered structure that converges at the bottom, dividing the gasifier shell 24 into two parts: the upper part is the gasification chamber and the lower part is the quench chamber. A combustion cavity is formed inside the gasification chamber by water-cooled wall coils 6. A cavity is formed between the combustion cavity and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24. To prevent high-temperature syngas from entering the cavity between the water-cooled wall coils 6 and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24 and causing overheating, a high-pressure CO2 inlet 7 is provided on the side wall of the gasifier shell 24 corresponding to the combustion cavity. The water inlet of the water-cooled wall coils 6 is connected to the water-cooled wall inlet 23 on the side wall of the gasifier shell 24 via a pipe, and the water outlet is connected to the water-cooled wall outlet 4 on the upper end cap 5 of the furnace body via a pipe. The water-cooled wall coils 6 are coated with refractory material and can produce steam as a byproduct. A slag discharge port 8 is provided at the lower part of the combustion cavity. The bottom of the slag discharge port 8 is connected to the furnace bottom plate 9. In this embodiment, the slag discharge port 8 is formed by coiling water-cooled pipes 8-1. The water-cooled pipes 8-1 are respectively connected to the slag discharge port inlet 10 and the slag discharge port outlet 22 provided on the side wall of the gasifier shell 24. The longitudinal section of the slag discharge port 8 is a hollow cylinder in the middle and a hollow conical structure that radiates outward at both ends. The slag discharge port 8 adopts a water coil form, which can produce steam as a by-product. At the same time, the slag discharge port 8 adopts a contraction and expansion form, so that the high-temperature synthesis gas first contracts and accelerates when it reaches the gasification chamber outlet, and then diffuses. This can effectively accelerate the synthesis gas. During the accelerated diffusion process, it can effectively carry away the molten ash adhering to the slag discharge port 8, preventing the slag discharge port 8 from clogging.

[0043] like Figure 4 , 5As shown in Figure 6, a spray ring pipe 20 is installed at the lower part of the furnace bottom plate 9. The water inlet of the spray ring pipe 20 is connected to the spray water inlet 21 located on the side wall of the gasifier shell 24 via a pipe. A downcomer 15 is installed at the bottom opening of the furnace bottom plate 9. Several sets of bubble breakers 16 are installed between the outer wall of the downcomer 15 and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24. The bubble breakers 16 are multiple horizontally staggered angle steels welded to the inner wall of the quench chamber. The lower part of the angle steel has a serrated notch to break the bubbles formed by the syngas after water washing, thereby reducing the water carryover in the syngas. A downcomer support 17 is installed between the wall of the downcomer 15 and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24 to support the downcomer 15 and prevent it from falling off due to the complex reaction conditions inside the gasifier. A quench ring 14 is installed on the outer side of the bottom downcomer 15 of the furnace bottom plate 9. The quench ring 14 is connected to the quench water inlet 13 and quench water outlet 19 located on the side wall of the gasifier shell 24 via pipes. The spray ring pipe 20 is higher than the quench ring 14 and is located above the syngas outlet 11. In this embodiment, the spray ring pipe 20 is made of several sections of arc-shaped pipes 20-1 connected end to end. Several sets of spray holes 20-2 are machined on the arc-shaped pipes 20-1, and spray water is sprayed out from the spray holes 20-2. When the gasifier is running, the spray ring pipe 20 sprays atomized water droplets into the quench chamber to perform secondary washing of the syngas, which can effectively remove ash from the syngas. The quench ring 14 is composed of a quench ring body 14-2, a semi-circular ring 14-3, pipes and connecting flanges 14-8, and a buffer water ring 14-10. The bottom of the quench ring body 14-2 is connected to the downcomer 15. Several sets of mounting holes 14-1 are machined on the outer edge of the quench ring body 14-2. The quench ring 14 is installed on the furnace bottom plate 9 through the mounting holes 14-1. A water distribution chamber 14-7 is machined in the middle of the quench ring body 14-2. Several sets of water passage holes 14-9 are evenly distributed on the lower part of the quench ring body 14-2. One set of water passage holes 14-9 serves as a water outlet, and the remaining water passage holes 14-9 serve as water inlets. The purpose is to evenly distribute the water flow in the water distribution chamber 14-7 and allow it to flow out in a ring shape. Pipes and connecting flanges 14-8 are provided on the outside of the water passage holes 14-9 for connecting the quench water inlet 13 and the quench water outlet 14-9. The cold water outlet 19 has a water passage hole 14-9 connected to the water distribution chamber 14-7. A semi-circular ring 14-3 is provided on the inner wall of the quench ring body 14-2. The semi-circular ring 14-3 and the quench ring body 14-2 form an annular cavity 14-4. The upper part of the annular cavity 14-4 is connected to the water distribution chamber 14-7, and the lower part has a water outlet annular gap 14-6. A buffer water ring 14-10 is installed in the water outlet annular gap 14-6. The buffer water ring 14-10 makes the water flow evenly, avoiding excessive water flow at the water passage hole 14-9 and insufficient water flow at the position far from the water passage hole 14-9. Quenching water holes 14-5 are evenly distributed on the lower part of the semi-circular ring 14-3. The quenching water holes 14-5 are connected to the annular cavity 14-4. The quenching water holes 14-5 can effectively remove ash and slag inside the quench ring during the operation of the gasifier, preventing the quench ring from being blocked.

[0044] Quenching water enters the quenching ring 14 and flows out in a rotating manner from the quenching water outlet ring gap, forming a uniform water film on the downcomer 15. This prevents the high-temperature syngas from burning the downcomer 15 and also lowers the temperature of the syngas. The quenching water flows into the quenching chamber through the downcomer 15, forming a liquid level inside the quenching chamber. The liquid level must not exceed the uppermost bubbler 16 or fall below the lowermost bubbler 16. After the syngas enters the quenching chamber through the downcomer, the quenching water in the quenching chamber can perform a washing and cooling of the syngas. A syngas outlet 11 is provided on the upper side wall of the quenching chamber. The syngas, cooled by the quenching water and spray water, has its bubbles broken by the bubbler 16 during its ascent and is discharged from the syngas outlet 11. A baffle plate 12 is provided at the syngas outlet 11. The baffle plate 12 is distributed in a ring shape inside the quench chamber. When the syngas impacts the baffle plate 12, the water vapor inside the syngas can adhere to the baffle plate 12, which can further remove the water carried in the syngas.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] In the above embodiment 1, a slag discharge port support 26 is provided at the lower part of the gasification chamber. The slag discharge port support 26 is located on the upper part of the furnace bottom plate 9. Refractory bricks 25 are provided on the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24 to form a combustion cavity. Refractory bricks 25 are provided on the inner wall of the slag discharge port support 26 to form a slag discharge port. The bottom of the slag discharge port is connected to the furnace bottom plate. The longitudinal section of the slag discharge port is a hollow cylinder in the middle and hollow conical structures radiating outwards at both ends. Compared with embodiment 1, this embodiment makes the gasifier easier and faster to maintain, and the gasification reaction efficiency is higher. All other components and their connections are exactly the same as in embodiment 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] In the above embodiment 1, an ascending pipe 27 is provided outside the downcomer 15. The upper part of the ascending pipe 27 is lower than the upper part of the downcomer 15, and the lower part is lower than the lower part of the downcomer 15. An internal support 28 is provided between the downcomer 15 and the ascending pipe 27. An external support 29 is provided between the wall of the ascending pipe 27 and the inner wall of the gasifier shell 24. The ascending pipe support prevents the ascending pipe 27 and the downcomer 15 from falling off due to the complex reaction conditions inside the gasifier. In this embodiment, the bubble breaker 16 is removed, and the bubbles formed by the syngas after water washing are broken by the ascending pipe 27, reducing the water carryover in the syngas. All other components and their connections are exactly the same as in embodiment 1.

Claims

1. An overhead multi-nozzle gasifier comprising a gasifier housing (24), characterized by: The gasifier shell (24) is provided with a furnace body upper end cap (5) at the top and an ash outlet (18) at the bottom. The furnace body upper end cap (5) is provided with a burner mounting seat (3) at the top. An ignition start-up integrated burner (1) is provided at the center of the burner mounting seat (3). At least two sets of process burners (2) are provided on the outside of the ignition start-up integrated burner (1) on the burner mounting seat (3). The process burners (2) are evenly distributed on the same virtual circle. The center of the virtual circle is located at the geometric center of the ignition start-up integrated burner (1). A furnace bottom plate (9) is provided in the middle of the gasifier shell (24). The furnace bottom plate (9) divides the gasifier shell (24) into two parts: the upper part is the gasification chamber and the lower part is the quench chamber. The gasification chamber is formed by water-cooled wall coils (6) coiled around it to form a combustion cavity. A high-pressure CO2 inlet (7) is provided on the side wall of the gasifier shell (24) corresponding to the combustion cavity. The water inlet of the water-cooled wall coils (6) is provided. The water inlet (23) is connected to the water-cooled wall inlet (23) on the side wall of the gasifier shell (24) via a pipe, and the water outlet is connected to the water-cooled wall outlet (4) on the upper end cap (5) of the furnace body via a pipe. A slag discharge port (8) is provided at the lower part of the combustion cavity. The bottom of the slag discharge port (8) is connected to the furnace bottom plate (9). A spray ring pipe (20) is provided at the lower part of the furnace bottom plate (9). The water inlet of the spray ring pipe (20) is connected to the water-cooled wall outlet (4) on the upper end cap (5) of the furnace body via a pipe. The spray water inlet (21) on the side wall of the gasifier shell (24) is connected. A downcomer (15) is provided at the bottom opening of the furnace bottom plate (9). A quenching ring (14) is provided on the outside of the downcomer (15) at the bottom of the furnace bottom plate (9). The quenching ring (14) is connected to the quenching water inlet (13) and quenching water outlet (19) provided on the side wall of the gasifier shell (24) through pipes. A syngas outlet (11) is provided on the side wall of the quenching chamber.

2. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: The slag outlet (8) is formed by coiling water cooling pipe (8-1). The water cooling pipe (8-1) is connected to the slag outlet water inlet (10) and the slag outlet water outlet (22) respectively set on the side wall of the gasifier shell (24). The longitudinal section of the slag outlet (8) is a hollow cylinder in the middle and hollow conical structure that radiates outward at both ends.

3. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein The aforementioned quench ring (14) is as follows: the bottom of the quench ring body (14-2) is connected to the downcomer (15), the outer edge of the quench ring body (14-2) is machined with several sets of mounting holes (14-1), the middle part of the quench ring body (14-2) is machined with a water distribution cavity (14-7), and the lower part of the quench ring body (14-2) is evenly machined with several sets of water passage holes (14-9), one set of water passage holes (14-9) serves as the water outlet, and the remaining water passage holes (14-9) serve as the water inlet. The water hole (14-9) is equipped with a pipe and a connecting flange (14-8) on its outside. The water hole (14-9) is connected to the water distribution chamber (14-7). A semi-circular ring (14-3) is provided on the inner wall of the quench ring body (14-2). An annular cavity (14-4) is formed between the semi-circular ring (14-3) and the quench ring body (14-2). The upper part of the annular cavity (14-4) is connected to the water distribution chamber (14-7), and the lower part has a water outlet annular cavity (14-6).

4. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 3, wherein: The lower part of the semi-circular ring (14-3) is evenly processed with cooling water holes (14-5), which are connected to the annular cavity (14-4). A buffer water ring (14-10) is installed in the water outlet annular gap (14-6).

5. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: The spray ring pipe (20) is made by connecting several sections of arc-shaped pipe (20-1) end to end, and several sets of spray holes (20-2) are machined on the arc-shaped pipe (20-1).

6. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: A number of bubble breakers (16) are provided between the outer wall of the downcomer (15) and the inner wall of the gasifier shell (24), and a downcomer support (17) is provided between the pipe wall of the downcomer (15) and the inner wall of the gasifier shell (24).

7. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: A baffle plate (12) is provided at the syngas outlet (11).

8. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: The lower part of the gasification chamber is provided with a slag outlet support (26). The slag outlet support (26) is located on the upper part of the furnace bottom plate (9). Refractory bricks (25) are provided on the inner wall of the gasifier shell (24) to form a combustion cavity. Refractory bricks (25) are provided on the inner wall of the slag outlet support (26) to form a slag outlet. The bottom of the slag outlet is connected to the furnace bottom plate. The longitudinal section of the slag outlet is a hollow cylinder in the middle and hollow conical structure that radiates outward at both ends.

9. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: An ascending pipe (27) is provided outside the descending pipe (15). The upper part of the ascending pipe (27) is lower than the upper part of the descending pipe (15), and the lower part is lower than the lower part of the descending pipe (15). An inner support (28) is provided between the descending pipe (15) and the ascending pipe (27). An outer support (29) is provided between the wall of the lower ascending pipe (27) and the inner wall of the gasifier shell (24).

10. The overhead multi-nozzle gasifier of claim 1, wherein: The process burner (2) comprises an outer cooling water jacket (2-1) and an inner cooling water jacket (2-3), a pulverized coal or nitrogen channel is formed between the outer cooling water jacket (2-1) and the inner cooling water jacket (2-3), a pulverized coal cyclone (2-2) is arranged at an outlet end of the pulverized coal or nitrogen channel, the pulverized coal cyclone (2-2) is a helical strip arranged along an outer wall of the inner cooling water jacket (2-3) in a circumferential direction, an oxygen or steam channel is formed in the inner cooling water jacket (2-3), an oxygen cyclone (2-4) is arranged at an outlet of the oxygen or steam channel, and the oxygen cyclone (2-4) is composed of at least three groups of swirl vanes (2-4-1) twistedly arranged on an outer periphery of a cross-shaped cyclone body (2-4-2).

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