Organic solid waste high-temperature entrained-flow gasification smelting furnace

Abstract

The utility model discloses an organic solid waste high temperature gas flow bed gasification melting furnace, it includes gasification furnace body, gasification chamber and quenching chamber, gasification chamber and quenching chamber are misaligned communication, gasification chamber is equipped with front burner, synthetic gas export, rear burner and molten slag pool, wherein synthetic gas export is located at the top of gasification chamber, and molten slag pool is located at the bottom of gasification chamber, quenching chamber includes quenching pool and exhaust port, and quenching pool is located below one side of molten slag pool and realizes intercommunication through passage. The utility model can reduce the cold radiation energy dissipation caused by traditional molten slag pool, provide sufficient time and energy for ash slag melting, and further improve gasification efficiency, carbon conversion rate and melting effect, realize the depth disposal and high value utilization of organic solid waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a gasification melting furnace, specifically a high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace for organic solid waste, belonging to the field of organic solid waste gasification technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the orderly advancement of urbanization and continuous economic development, the overall demand for the treatment of organic solid waste remains strong. Taking municipal solid waste as an example, direct incineration for power generation has gradually become the mainstream. Although municipal solid waste incineration for power generation has significant advantages over sanitary landfill in terms of volume reduction, waste reduction, and energy recovery, it still faces many challenges in actual operation, such as secondary pollution from incineration and poor system economic efficiency. Furthermore, due to the continuous construction of waste incineration projects in recent years, the risk of overcapacity in municipal solid waste incineration has gradually emerged. Therefore, many universities, research institutes, and enterprises are considering gasification as a method for treating organic solid waste and have designed various types of gasifiers, including fixed-bed gasifiers, rotary kiln gasifiers, plasma gasifiers, fluidized-bed gasifiers, and entrained gasifiers. These methods have reduced pollutant emissions to a certain extent and achieved resource utilization. However, due to the large scale, low calorific value, high water content, and heterogeneous nature of organic solid waste such as municipal solid waste, these single gasifiers face various problems during operation. For example, traditional fixed-bed gasifiers have low heat and mass transfer efficiency and uneven temperature distribution; rotary kilns have many moving parts, and the heterogeneous nature of organic solid waste leads to high maintenance costs; plasma gasifiers have high energy consumption and poor economic efficiency, making large-scale application difficult; fluidized-bed gasifiers have low gasification temperatures, failing to reach the high-temperature melting temperatures required for organic solid waste; and traditional entrained flow gasifiers suffer from low-temperature cold radiation from the bottom quench chamber, resulting in a low bottom temperature, limited high-temperature surface, and uneven internal distribution, making complete melting and disposal difficult. Therefore, the limitations of traditional gasifiers are evident. The utility model application No. 202111325308.X first disclosed a "composite thermochemical treatment and utilization method for organic solid waste" applied to organic solid waste. This method is thorough and safe, and can achieve large-scale harmless treatment of organic solid waste. However, the key equipment of this patent has not been described, and it lacks a fluidized bed gasifier with good temperature uniformity, high carbon conversion rate, and efficient heat and mass transfer. To address this, this application proposes and designs a high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace with a staggered arrangement of the quench chamber and the gasifier. By staggering the arrangement of the quench chamber and the gasifier, the influence of low-temperature cold radiation in the bottom quench chamber is reduced. At the same time, the high-temperature molten slag pool at the bottom allows for further conversion of incompletely reacted carbon, achieving high gasification efficiency and deep treatment and resource utilization of toxic and harmful substances. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace suitable for organic solid waste. It adopts a structure with a staggered layout of the quench chamber and the gasification chamber to reduce the impact of cold radiation inside the furnace on temperature uniformity, optimize the temperature field inside the furnace, and further improve the carbon conversion rate through the design of the slag pool, so as to realize the deep treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace for organic solid waste, comprising a gasification furnace body, a gasification chamber, and a quench chamber, wherein the gasification chamber and the quench chamber are connected in a staggered manner, the gasification chamber is provided with a pre-burner, a syngas outlet, a post-burner, and a slag pool, wherein the syngas outlet is located at the top of the gasification chamber, and the slag pool is located at the bottom of the gasification chamber; the quench chamber includes a quench pool and an exhaust port, the quench pool is located below one side of the slag pool, and they are interconnected through a channel.

[0005] Furthermore, the reaction temperature in the gasification chamber is 1200~1800℃, and the pressure is 0.01~0.3MPa.

[0006] Furthermore, the gasifier furnace body is either a hot fireplace or a cold fireplace.

[0007] Furthermore, the slag pool extends horizontally and then vertically downwards to connect with the quench chamber, so that the quench chamber and the gasification chamber are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0008] Furthermore, there are 2 to 6 pre-burners, which are evenly distributed along the circumference on the same cross section of the gasifier body and form a 60 to 90° pitch angle with the furnace wall and a 3 to 10° offset angle with the horizontal plane. The pre-burners form a 90 to 1000 mm tangent circle at the four corners in the gasification chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, there are 1 to 3 rear burners arranged on the outer wall of the slag pool, with an angle of 30 to 70° between them and the lower part of the wall, and the nozzles of the rear burners point towards the center of the slag pool.

[0010] Furthermore, the pre-burner includes an organic solid waste inlet channel, an oxygen channel, and a cooling water channel, wherein the operating temperature of the organic solid waste inlet channel is 25~800℃; the post-burner includes a combustible gas channel and an oxygen channel.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] This invention reduces the impact of cold radiation inside the furnace on temperature uniformity by staggering the quenching chamber and the gasification chamber, thereby optimizing the temperature field inside the furnace and improving gasification efficiency.

[0013] The present invention can maintain a high temperature in the slag pool by means of a rear burner at the bottom, so that the unreacted semi-coke can be further gasified and melted after falling into the slag pool, thereby improving the carbon conversion rate and achieving high-temperature thermal blockade of toxic and harmful substances.

[0014] The rear burner of this invention can form a reducing atmosphere through partial combustion by adjusting the appropriate equivalence ratio. At the same time, the carbon dioxide generated is further reduced when it passes through the gasification chamber. While maintaining the high temperature of the molten slag pool during combustion in the furnace, low carbon dioxide emissions are achieved.

[0015] The downward-facing burner arrangement of this invention reduces the risk of slag clogging the nozzle and improves the operational stability of the furnace. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace of this utility model.

[0017] The markings in the diagram are: 1-gasifier body, 2-gasification chamber, 3-quench chamber, 4-pre-burner, 5-syngas outlet, 6-post-burner, 7-slag pool, 8-quench pool, 9-exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace suitable for organic solid waste includes a gasifier body 1, a gasification chamber 2, a pre-burner 4, a post-burner 6, a syngas outlet 5, a slag pool 7, an exhaust port 9, and a quench pool 8. Wherein:

[0020] The gasification chamber 2 is located on the left side of the furnace body. From top to bottom, it consists of a syngas outlet 5, a gasification chamber 2, a pre-burner 4, a post-burner 6, and a slag pool 7. The syngas outlet 5 is vertically arranged at the center of the top of the furnace body. There are four pre-burners 4, which are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the gasifier body 1, forming an angle of about 60° with the furnace wall, with the nozzles pointing downwards. The slag pool 7 is located at the bottom left side of the gasifier body, and the slag outlet has a narrowing. The post-burner 6 is located on the left side of the furnace wall and the top of the quench chamber of the slag pool 7, forming an angle of about 60° with the furnace wall, with the nozzles pointing towards the center of the slag pool 7. The quench chamber 3 is located on the right side of the furnace body. From upstream to downstream, it consists of a quench pool 8 and an exhaust port 9. The quench pool 8 is located on one side of the bottom of the gasifier body 1, and the exhaust port 9 is located at the top.

[0021] In this embodiment, the pre-burner includes an organic solid waste inlet channel, an oxygen channel, and a cooling water channel, wherein the operating temperature of the organic solid waste inlet channel is 25~800℃; the post-burner is a conventional gas burner, which includes a combustible gas channel and an oxygen channel.

[0022] In some embodiments, the front burner 4 of the high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace can form an inclination angle of about 60 to 90 degrees with the furnace wall and an offset angle of 3 to 10 degrees with the radial direction. The burner can form a tangent circle of 90 to 1000 mm at the four corners in the gasification chamber 2.

[0023] In some embodiments, the post-burner 6 of the high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace can be arranged on the furnace wall around the outside of the slag pool, or on the top of the right quench chamber 3, forming an angle of about 30 to 70 degrees with the wall.

[0024] In some embodiments, the furnace body of the high-temperature fluidized bed gasification melting furnace can be a hot fireplace, which is insulated and heat-resistant by refractory bricks; or it can be a cold wall type, which is cooled by water-cooled coils, forming a slag-resistant slag structure.

[0025] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Organic solid waste, a gas-solid two-phase multi-component raw material, a gasifying agent, and oxygen are fed into the gasification chamber 2 through a feeder or air pump via the pre-burner 4 for combustion and gasification. Syngas, methane, and other fuels, along with oxygen, are pumped into the gasification chamber 2 through the post-burner 6, where incomplete oxidation combustion occurs above the slag pool 7. The heat generated by the combustion of the organic solid waste provides energy for the gasification reaction, and the heat from the combustion of methane provides the heat required for the melting of the slag inside the slag pool 7. The temperature and gasification reaction are regulated by controlling the feed rate of raw materials or fuel and the oxygen flow rate and ratio, while simultaneously adjusting the oxidation-reduction atmosphere inside the gasifier. The angle arrangement of the pre-burner 4 creates a tangential circle in the airflow within the gasifier, forming a stable temperature field. This causes the raw material to undergo a downward, spiral, and upward flow. The process extends the reaction path and gasification time, enabling diffusion and thermodynamic control during the high-temperature gasification of organic solid waste. It converts large organic molecules into small, non-condensable gases, while nitrogen and sulfur pollutants in the gas phase are converted into ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The gaseous products are discharged from the syngas outlet 5 and exhaust port 9. The solid products are gasified and melted, falling into the slag pool 7. Methane and oxygen enter the gasification chamber through a post-burner, burning above the slag pool to generate high temperatures, completely melting the ash. The slag pool 7 remains liquid. Once overflowing, the liquid slag flows out from the tail outlet and falls into the quench pool 8. After being cooled by quench water, it forms a glassy slag. The glassy solid products can be collected by a slag remover. After heavy metal leaching meets standards, the slag is applied to roadbeds or building materials. Gases generated in the quench pool are discharged from the exhaust port.

[0026] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of this utility model in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or other means fall within the scope of protection of this utility model. Parts not covered by this utility model are the same as or can be implemented using existing technology.

Claims

1. A high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace for organic solid waste, characterized in that, The system includes a gasifier body, a gasification chamber, and a quench chamber. The gasification chamber and the quench chamber are connected in a staggered manner. The gasification chamber is equipped with a pre-burner, a syngas outlet, a post-burner, and a slag pool. The syngas outlet is located at the top of the gasification chamber, and the slag pool is located at the bottom of the gasification chamber. The quench chamber includes a quench pool and an exhaust port. The quench pool is located below and to one side of the slag pool and is interconnected with it through a channel.

2. The organic solid waste high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasifier furnace body is either a hot fireplace or a cold fireplace.

3. The organic solid waste high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag pool extends horizontally and then vertically downwards to connect with the quench chamber, so that the quench chamber and the gasification chamber are arranged in a staggered manner.

4. The organic solid waste high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are 2 to 6 pre-burners, which are evenly distributed along the circumference on the same cross section of the gasifier body and form a 60 to 90° pitch angle with the furnace wall and a 3 to 10° offset angle with the horizontal plane. The pre-burners form a 90 to 1000 mm tangent circle at the four corners in the gasification chamber.

5. The organic solid waste high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of post-burners is 1 to 3, arranged on the outer wall of the furnace wall of the slag pool, with an angle of 30 to 70° between them and the lower part of the wall, and the nozzles of the post-burners point towards the center of the slag pool.

6. The organic solid waste high-temperature fluidized bed gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-burner includes an organic solid waste inlet channel, an oxygen channel, and a cooling water channel, while the post-burner includes a combustible gas channel and an oxygen channel.

Images