Active anti-floating multi-layer basement structure
By combining the anti-buoyancy anchor bolt group components with the seepage drainage components, a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism is formed, which solves the problems of complex construction and high cost of traditional anti-buoyancy design and construction, and achieves the effects of simplifying construction, reducing costs and improving anti-buoyancy performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHEJIANG ZHAODING CONSTR CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional anti-buoyancy design for basements relies on deep underground continuous walls, resulting in high costs and long construction periods, and cannot efficiently meet the anti-buoyancy requirements of multi-story basements.
The system employs a dual mechanism of anti-buoyancy anchor bolt group components and permeable drainage components. The anti-buoyancy anchor bolt group components actively provide pull-out resistance, while the permeable drainage components dynamically reduce buoyancy. Through the cooperation of the permeable drainage layer and plastic drainage blind pipes, rapid flow guidance and automated drainage are achieved. Combined with the waterproof coating layer and the impermeable membrane to prevent water seepage, a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism is realized.
It simplifies the construction process, reduces costs, improves anti-buoyancy performance and drainage efficiency, ensures the stability of the basement structure in water-rich strata, and has the advantages of simple structure and wide adaptability.
Smart Images
Figure CN224495231U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of building structure technology, and in particular to an active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of underground space development and utilization in my country, more and more buildings with basements have emerged. Due to usage requirements, some basements have more than one floor. Facing the hydraulic effects of height differences ranging from four or five meters to more than ten meters, anti-buoyancy design has become very important. Traditional basement anti-buoyancy mainly treats the basement as a sealed box and resists the effects of groundwater by increasing the self-weight of the basement or by setting up anti-uplift piles and anti-uplift anchors.
[0003] An existing patent (publication number: CN208201913U) discloses an active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure, including a basement floor slab, a first soil layer, a second soil layer, a third soil layer, and a diaphragm wall. The bottom of the basement floor slab consists of the first, second, and third soil layers in sequence. The lower part of the diaphragm wall passes through the basement floor slab and extends into the first, second, and third soil layers. An actual usable edge brick wall is provided on the inner side of the diaphragm wall, forming a ventilation channel between the diaphragm wall and the actual usable edge brick wall. This invention maintains stable water levels inside and outside the foundation pit, ensuring smooth and safe construction. Furthermore, this invention sets several dewatering wells on the basement floor slab and controls the water level. Once the water level exceeds a set value, the dewatering wells activate, always keeping the basement water level within a set safe range. Additionally, this invention uses the basement exterior wall and the actual usable basement infill exterior wall as a ventilation channel, increasing its functional uses.
[0004] The devices in the aforementioned comparative documents rely on diaphragm walls to cut off the groundwater seepage path, requiring deep construction and being sensitive to geological conditions, resulting in high costs and long construction periods. To address these issues, an active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure is proposed. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure, which adopts a dual mechanism of active anti-buoyancy by using anti-buoyancy anchors to provide pull-out resistance and a permeable drainage layer to dynamically reduce buoyancy. This is different from the traditional single water-stopping or dewatering mode, and is convenient for construction, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.
[0006] This application provides an active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure with the following technical solution: An active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure includes a basement floor slab, a permeable drainage component, an anti-buoyancy anchor group component, and an automatic drainage component. The permeable drainage component is located below the basement floor slab and includes a permeable drainage layer, a natural permeable layer, and an impermeable layer arranged sequentially. The anti-buoyancy anchor group component vertically penetrates the permeable drainage layer, the natural permeable layer, and the impermeable layer. The upper end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group component is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab, and the lower end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group component is anchored in the impermeable layer. The automatic drainage component includes an annular water collection cavity arranged along the edge of the basement floor slab, and the annular water collection cavity is connected to the permeable drainage component.
[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the anti-buoyancy anchor group actively provides pull-out resistance, and the seepage drainage component dynamically reduces the buoyancy acting on the basement floor. The two work together to form a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism, which is different from the traditional single water-stopping or dewatering mode. The structure is simple and the construction is convenient, avoiding the problems of deep and complex construction and high cost.
[0008] Preferably, the permeable drainage assembly further includes a plastic drainage blind pipe laid between the permeable drainage layer and the basement floor slab, the plastic drainage blind pipe being distributed in a grid pattern and communicating with the annular water collection chamber.
[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the grid-like distribution of the plastic drainage blind pipe can collect seepage water in the permeable drainage layer throughout the entire area, and achieve rapid diversion by connecting with the annular water collection cavity, thereby avoiding local accumulation of seepage water under the basement floor slab and improving drainage efficiency.
[0010] Preferably, the contact surface between the bottom surface of the basement floor slab and the permeable drainage layer is provided with a waterproof coating layer, and the waterproof coating layer covers the edge area of the bottom surface of the basement floor slab.
[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the waterproof coating layer can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping in from the edge of the contact surface between the basement floor slab and the permeable drainage layer, enhance the waterproof performance of the basement floor slab edge, and avoid structural stability problems caused by water seepage.
[0012] Preferably, the anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly includes pre-embedded holes opened in the basement floor slab and multiple evenly distributed anti-buoyancy anchor bodies. The anti-buoyancy anchor bodies pass through the pre-embedded holes and are fixedly connected to the basement floor slab. The surface of the anti-buoyancy anchor bodies is provided with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer.
[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the pre-embedded holes enable precise positioning and stable connection between the anti-buoyancy anchor body and the basement floor slab. The epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer can effectively resist the erosion of the anchor body by groundwater and extend the service life of the anti-buoyancy anchor group components.
[0014] Preferably, the gap between the anti-buoyancy anchor body and the pre-embedded hole is filled with concrete, and the concrete anchors the anti-buoyancy anchor body to the basement floor slab.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the concrete filling gap can enhance the connection strength between the anti-buoyancy anchor body and the basement floor slab, ensure the reliable transmission of pull-out force, and improve the stability of the overall anti-buoyancy structure.
[0016] Preferably, the inner wall of the annular water collection cavity is covered with an impermeable membrane, which covers the bottom and side walls of the annular water collection cavity.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the geomembrane can prevent seepage water in the annular water collection cavity from leaking into the surrounding soil, ensuring the effective volume and drainage function of the water collection cavity, while avoiding adverse effects of seepage water on the surrounding strata.
[0018] Preferably, the automatic drainage assembly further includes a float level switch and a submersible pump disposed in the annular water collection chamber. The float level switch is electrically connected to the submersible pump, and the submersible pump is connected to an external drainage system through a drainage steel pipe.
[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the float level switch monitors the water level in the annular water collection chamber in real time. When the water level reaches the set height, the submersible pump is automatically started to drain the water, realizing the automated control of the drainage process and ensuring timely discharge of accumulated water to reduce the buoyancy of the basement floor.
[0020] Preferably, a one-way valve is installed on the section of the drainage steel pipe to prevent external water from flowing back into the annular water collection chamber.
[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the one-way valve can effectively prevent water in the external drainage system from flowing back into the annular water collection chamber under pressure, ensuring the one-way flow of the drainage system and improving the reliability and stability of the automatic drainage components.
[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0023] This active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure utilizes a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism formed by the synergistic cooperation of anti-buoyancy anchor bolt groups and permeable drainage components, distinguishing it from traditional single-mode water sealing or dewatering. The anti-buoyancy anchor bolts vertically penetrate the natural permeable layer and are anchored to the impermeable layer, actively providing stable pull-out resistance. An epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer effectively enhances the anchor bolts' durability. A permeable drainage layer is laid beneath the basement floor slab, using a grid-like distribution of plastic drainage blind pipes to collect seepage throughout the entire area. This seepage is then rapidly guided through a ring-shaped collection chamber to the automatic drainage components. A submersible pump, via a float-type level switch, achieves automated drainage, dynamically reducing the buoyancy acting on the basement floor slab. A waterproof coating layer enhances the waterproofing performance of the floor slab edges, a waterproof membrane prevents seepage and leakage from the collection chamber, and a one-way valve ensures unidirectional flow in the drainage system. Compared with existing technologies, this solution eliminates complex water-stopping structures such as diaphragm walls that rely on deep construction. Through a simple vertical anchor bolt anchoring and planar drainage network design, it greatly simplifies the construction process and reduces costs. At the same time, it achieves synergistic optimization of pull-out resistance and drainage efficiency, effectively addressing the anti-buoyancy requirements of multi-story basements in water-rich strata. It has significant advantages such as simple structure, strong practicality, and wide adaptability. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of this application;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application from below;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a partial bottom view of the structure of this application;
[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first partial sectional planar structure of this application;
[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second partial sectional planar structure of this application.
[0029] In the picture:
[0030] 1. Basement floor slab; 2. Permeable drainage system; 201. Permeable drainage layer; 202. Natural permeable layer; 203. Impermeable layer; 204. Plastic drainage blind pipe; 205. Waterproof coating layer; 3. Anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly; 301. Embedded hole; 302. Anti-buoyancy anchor body; 303. Epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer; 304. Concrete; 4. Automatic drainage system; 401. Annular water collection chamber; 402. Geomembrane; 403. Float level switch; 404. Submersible pump; 405. Drainage steel pipe; 406. Check valve. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 This application will be described in further detail below.
[0032] Example 1: An active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The system includes a basement floor slab 1, a permeable drainage assembly 2, an anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3, and an automatic drainage assembly 4. The permeable drainage assembly 2 is located below the basement floor slab 1 and includes a permeable drainage layer 201, a natural permeable layer 202, and an impermeable layer 203 arranged sequentially. The anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3 vertically penetrates the permeable drainage layer 201, the natural permeable layer 202, and the impermeable layer 203. The upper end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3 is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 1, and the lower end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3 is anchored within the impermeable layer 203. The automatic drainage assembly 4 includes components along the basement floor slab 1. An annular water collection cavity 401 is provided at the edge of the base slab 1. The annular water collection cavity 401 is connected to the infiltration drainage component 2. The infiltration drainage component 2 also includes a plastic drainage blind pipe 204 laid between the infiltration drainage layer 201 and the basement base slab 1. The plastic drainage blind pipe 204 is distributed in a grid pattern and is connected to the annular water collection cavity 401. The grid pattern of the plastic drainage blind pipe 204 can collect the seepage water in the infiltration drainage layer 201 throughout the entire area, and achieve rapid diversion by connecting with the annular water collection cavity 401, so as to avoid the local accumulation of seepage water under the basement base slab 1 and improve drainage efficiency.
[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 A waterproof coating layer 205 is provided on the contact surface between the bottom surface of the basement floor slab 1 and the permeable drainage layer 201. The waterproof coating layer 205 covers the edge area of the bottom surface of the basement floor slab 1. The waterproof coating layer 205 can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping in from the edge of the contact surface between the basement floor slab 1 and the permeable drainage layer 201, enhance the waterproof performance of the edge of the basement floor slab 1, and avoid structural stability problems caused by water seepage. The anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3 includes a pre-embedded hole 301 opened in the basement floor slab 1 and multiple evenly distributed anti-buoyancy anchor bodies 302. The anti-buoyancy anchor bodies 302 pass through the pre-embedded hole 301 and are fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 1. The surface of the anchor rod 302 is provided with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer 303. The pre-embedded hole 301 realizes the precise positioning and stable connection between the anti-buoyancy anchor rod body 302 and the basement floor slab 1. The epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer 303 can effectively resist the erosion of the anchor rod body by groundwater and extend the service life of the anti-buoyancy anchor rod group assembly 3. The gap between the anti-buoyancy anchor rod body 302 and the pre-embedded hole 301 is filled with concrete 304. The concrete 304 anchors the anti-buoyancy anchor rod body 302 to the basement floor slab 1. The concrete 304 filling the gap can enhance the connection strength between the anti-buoyancy anchor rod body 302 and the basement floor slab 1, ensure the reliable transmission of pull-out force, and improve the stability of the overall anti-buoyancy structure.
[0034] It should be noted that, regarding the anti-buoyancy force mechanism, the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302 of the anti-buoyancy anchor group component 3 is perpendicular to the natural permeable layer 202, with its lower end firmly anchored to the deep impermeable layer 203, and its upper end fixedly connected to the basement floor slab 1 through pre-embedded holes 301 and concrete 304, forming a reliable pull-out force transmission path. An epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer 303 covers the surface of the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302, resisting the chemical corrosion of the anchor by groundwater and extending its service life. When groundwater exerts an upward buoyancy force on the basement floor slab 1, the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302, by virtue of its pull-out force anchored to the impermeable layer 203, directly offsets part of the buoyancy load; simultaneously, the seepage drainage component 2 reduces the water pressure of groundwater on the floor slab by timely draining seepage water from the natural permeable layer 202 and the seepage drainage layer 201, forming a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism of "active resistance to pull-out force + dynamic reduction of buoyancy".
[0035] Example 2: An active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 Based on the same concept as Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment proposes to lay an impermeable membrane 402 on the inner wall of the annular water collection cavity 401. The impermeable membrane 402 covers the bottom and side walls of the annular water collection cavity 401. The impermeable membrane 402 can prevent seepage water in the annular water collection cavity 401 from leaking into the surrounding soil, ensuring the effective volume and drainage function of the water collection cavity, while avoiding adverse effects of seepage water on the surrounding strata. The automatic drainage component 4 also includes a float level switch 403 and a submersible pump 404 installed in the annular water collection cavity 401. The float level switch 403 is electrically connected to the submersible pump 404, and the submersible pump 404 is connected to the outside through a drainage steel pipe 405. The system is connected to the drainage system. The float level switch 403 monitors the water level in the annular water collection chamber 401 in real time. When the water level reaches the set height, the submersible pump 404 is automatically started to drain the water, realizing the automated control of the drainage process. This ensures that the accumulated water is discharged in time to reduce the buoyancy of the basement floor 1. A one-way valve 406 is installed on the section of the drainage steel pipe 405. The one-way valve 406 prevents external water from flowing back into the annular water collection chamber 401. The one-way valve 406 can effectively prevent water from the external drainage system from flowing back into the annular water collection chamber 401 under pressure, ensuring the one-way flow of the drainage system and improving the reliability and stability of the automatic drainage component 4.
[0036] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: When groundwater seeps and flows in the natural permeable layer 202, some of the water enters the permeable drainage layer 201 through infiltration. This layer is composed of a material with high porosity, allowing groundwater to pass smoothly and diffuse in all directions. The plastic drainage blind pipes 204 laid between the permeable drainage layer 201 and the basement floor slab 1 are distributed in a grid pattern. Their perforation design can effectively collect the seepage water in the permeable drainage layer 201, forming a three-dimensional flow guiding network. The collected seepage water is directionally transported through the pipeline system of the plastic drainage blind pipes 204 to the annular water collection cavity 401 set along the edge of the basement floor slab 1. The impermeable membrane 402 lining the inner wall of the annular water collection chamber 401 prevents seepage into the surrounding soil, ensuring effective water storage space within the chamber. A float level switch 403, installed within the annular water collection chamber 401, monitors water level changes in real time. When seepage accumulates to a set height, the float level switch 403 triggers an electrical signal to start the submersible pump 404. The submersible pump 404 then quickly discharges the accumulated water to the external municipal pipe network through the drainage steel pipe 405. A one-way valve 406 prevents backflow into the external drainage system, ensuring unidirectional flow during drainage and preventing groundwater pressure fluctuations from interfering with the system. Meanwhile, the waterproof coating layer 205 at the edge of the contact surface between the bottom surface of the basement floor slab 1 and the permeable drainage layer 201 forms a waterproof barrier, preventing groundwater from seeping into the basement from the junction of the basement floor slab 1 edge and the permeable drainage layer 201, thus enhancing the waterproof performance of the basement floor slab 1 edge. Regarding the anti-buoyancy force mechanism, the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302 of the anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly 3 vertically penetrates the permeable drainage assembly 2, forming a reliable pull-out force transmission path. An epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer 303 covers the surface of the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302, resisting the chemical erosion of the anchor by groundwater and extending its service life. When groundwater exerts an upward buoyancy on the basement floor slab 1, the anti-buoyancy anchor body 302 directly offsets part of the buoyancy load by relying on the pull-out resistance of the permeable drainage component 2. At the same time, the permeable drainage component 2 reduces the water pressure of groundwater on the floor slab by timely draining the seepage water from the natural permeable layer 202 and the permeable drainage layer 201, forming a dual anti-buoyancy mechanism of "active resistance to pull-out resistance + dynamic reduction of buoyancy". In the entire system, the permeable drainage component 2 and the automatic drainage component 4 form a closed-loop drainage network, realizing the full-area collection, rapid diversion and automatic discharge of seepage water below the basement floor slab 1, avoiding the problem of buoyancy concentration caused by local accumulation of seepage water. The anti-buoyancy anchor group component 3 provides stable structural pull-out resistance through deep anchoring. The two work together to enable the basement to maintain structural stability when subjected to groundwater buoyancy in water-rich strata through the dual means of active anti-buoyancy and passive pressure reduction. This working principle does not rely on complex water-stopping structures such as diaphragm walls in traditional deep foundation pit construction. Instead, it simplifies the construction process and efficiently addresses the anti-buoyancy requirements of multi-story basements through the optimized design of a planar drainage network and a vertical anchoring system. It features high automation, fast drainage efficiency, and reliable anti-buoyancy performance.
[0037] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. An active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure, comprising a basement floor slab (1), a seepage drainage assembly (2), an anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly (3), and an automatic drainage assembly (4), characterized in that: The permeable drainage component (2) is located below the basement floor slab (1) and includes a permeable drainage layer (201), a natural permeable layer (202), and an impermeable layer (203) arranged in sequence. The anti-buoyancy anchor group component (3) penetrates vertically through the permeable drainage layer (201), the natural permeable layer (202), and the impermeable layer (203). The upper end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group component (3) is fixedly connected to the basement floor slab (1), and the lower end of the anti-buoyancy anchor group component (3) is anchored in the impermeable layer (203). The automatic drainage component (4) includes an annular water collection cavity (401) arranged along the edge of the basement floor slab (1), and the annular water collection cavity (401) is connected to the permeable drainage component (2).
2. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infiltration drainage assembly (2) also includes a plastic drainage blind pipe (204) laid between the infiltration drainage layer (201) and the basement floor slab (1). The plastic drainage blind pipe (204) is distributed in a grid pattern and is connected to the annular water collection chamber (401).
3. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the basement floor slab (1) is provided with a waterproof coating layer (205) at the contact surface between the bottom surface and the permeable drainage layer (201), and the waterproof coating layer (205) covers the edge area of the bottom surface of the basement floor slab (1).
4. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-buoyancy anchor group assembly (3) includes a pre-embedded hole (301) opened in the basement floor slab (1) and a plurality of evenly distributed anti-buoyancy anchor bodies (302). The anti-buoyancy anchor bodies (302) pass through the pre-embedded hole (301) and are fixedly connected to the basement floor slab (1). The surface of the anti-buoyancy anchor bodies (302) is provided with an epoxy resin anti-corrosion layer (303).
5. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gap between the anti-buoyancy anchor body (302) and the pre-embedded hole (301) is filled with concrete (304), and the concrete (304) anchors the anti-buoyancy anchor body (302) to the basement floor slab (1).
6. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the annular water collection cavity (401) is covered with a waterproof membrane (402), which covers the bottom and side walls of the annular water collection cavity (401).
7. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic drainage assembly (4) also includes a float level switch (403) and a submersible pump (404) disposed in an annular water collection chamber (401). The float level switch (403) is electrically connected to the submersible pump (404), and the submersible pump (404) is connected to an external drainage system through a drainage steel pipe (405).
8. The active anti-buoyancy multi-story basement structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A one-way valve (406) is installed on the section of the drainage steel pipe (405), and the one-way valve (406) prevents external water from flowing back into the annular water collection chamber (401).