Tuned mass and tuned liquid compound damper
By combining a mass block and liquid in a columnar container, the contradiction between space occupation and energy dissipation efficiency is resolved, achieving efficient vibration reduction and space utilization, and is suitable for structures with different building shapes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
There is a contradiction between existing tuned mass dampers and tuned liquid dampers in terms of space occupation and energy dissipation efficiency. Tuned mass dampers require a large mass block, resulting in low space utilization, while tuned liquid dampers save space, but the liquid density limits their energy dissipation capacity.
A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid is designed. By combining a mass block and liquid in a cylindrical container, the energy distribution and frequency control are optimized. The reverse displacement of the mass block and the sloshing of the liquid are used to consume the vibration energy of the main structure. It is adaptable to different building plan shapes and can be modularly assembled.
It achieves both reduced space occupation and improved energy dissipation effect, and features simple structure, small size, good energy dissipation effect, adaptability to different building shapes, and low cost. It can effectively reduce the wind load and seismic response of the structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN224495468U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of seismic resistance technology of building structures, specifically to a composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid. Background Technology
[0002] Earthquake action is a dynamic effect caused by ground motion. The occurrence of earthquakes is highly random, and their timing, location, and intensity are extremely unpredictable. The work done by the displacement and deformation of a building structure under the inertial forces induced by an earthquake consumes the seismic energy transmitted by the seismic waves. Once this energy exceeds the structure's own bearing capacity or deformation capacity, collapse will occur.
[0003] To meet the structural seismic design goal of "no damage in minor earthquakes, repairable in moderate earthquakes, and no collapse in major earthquakes," traditional structural seismic resistance techniques rely on increasing the dimensions of major structural members and improving the strength and elasticity of materials to utilize the structure's bearing capacity and deformation capacity to resist seismic forces. A structure's seismic resistance is comprehensively reflected in the unity of strength, stiffness, and deformation capacity; it should simultaneously possess the necessary strength and stiffness, as well as good deformation capacity or ductility. Relying solely on increasing the structure's bearing capacity to resist earthquakes results in excessively large structural members, increased construction costs, and reduced usable space. Conversely, relying entirely on the structure's deformation capacity to ensure sufficient seismic energy dissipation comes at the cost of damage to local structural members and the loss of some structural functions. Therefore, adopting traditional "hard-line" seismic resistance techniques is neither economical nor wise.
[0004] Modern seismic isolation and vibration reduction technology began in the 1970s, among which structural isolation technology and structural energy dissipation and vibration reduction technology have achieved fruitful research results and practical applications.
[0005] Structural isolation technology isolates seismic energy from transmission to the upper structure by installing isolation materials or components located in the foundation layer. The isolation layer can undergo significant horizontal deformation to absorb and dissipate more seismic energy, thereby lengthening the structure's period and reducing the seismic acceleration transmitted to the upper structure, effectively reducing the horizontal seismic force on the structure. It is mostly used in low-rise buildings in earthquake-prone areas or in buildings where internal instruments and equipment must remain in normal working order during an earthquake.
[0006] Energy dissipation and vibration reduction technology involves designing certain structural components as energy dissipation devices or installing energy dissipation and vibration reduction dampers in certain parts of the structure. Under wind loads and minor earthquakes, these energy dissipation components or dampers are in an elastic state, providing the structure with sufficient lateral stiffness. Under strong earthquakes, these components or dampers are the first to enter an inelastic state, dissipating a large amount of seismic energy input into the structure, thus ensuring that the main structure is not damaged during strong earthquakes. This technology is mostly used in high-rise and super high-rise buildings to control their wind-induced vibration and seismic response. Additional energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices provide the structure with an additional force to resist wind loads and seismic responses, while also sharing the energy that would otherwise be entirely consumed by the structure. This allows for the use of fewer materials and smaller components to achieve more flexible usable space, resulting in less deformation and damage under wind loads and earthquakes, greater structural safety, and faster recovery to normal operation after an earthquake. Energy dissipation and vibration reduction technology has developed rapidly due to its excellent vibration reduction effect (its seismic response can be reduced by 40% to 60%), simple construction, low cost, and convenient maintenance. Currently, passive energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices include tuned mass dampers, tuned liquid dampers, viscoelastic energy dissipation dampers, viscous energy dissipation dampers, frictional energy dissipation dampers, and metal energy dissipation dampers. These devices do not require external energy input and only enter the working state under the action of external excitation force. They are a simple, reliable, economical and easy-to-implement passive vibration reduction technology.
[0007] A tuned mass damper consists of an additional mass, springs (or ropes), and damping elements, supported or suspended from the main structure. The additional mass typically accounts for about 0.3% of the total mass of the main structure and can be made of materials such as steel, lead, or concrete. When the main structure is subjected to excited vibration, the damping device fixed or suspended on the main structure also vibrates. The additional mass, under the influence of inertia, undergoes a reverse displacement, with its inertial force, velocity, and acceleration all in the opposite direction to the vibration direction of the main structure. The magnitude of the inertial force of the additional mass is equal to the product of the equivalent mass's acceleration relative to the ground and its mass. Because it is opposite in direction to the external force, this damping device provides a beneficial resistance to the main structure, thereby reducing its dynamic response. From an energy perspective, the main structure must provide energy to maintain the additional mass's reciprocating motion; the damping device effectively transfers and dissipates some of the vibration energy of the main structure. Tuned mass dampers are usually located at the top of the main structure and have excellent energy dissipation and vibration reduction effects. Currently, 48% of super high-rise buildings employing energy dissipation and vibration reduction measures use this type of damper to resist wind loads and seismic responses. However, tuned mass dampers have the drawback of occupying a large amount of usable space in the building structure.
[0008] A tuned liquid damper consists of a liquid-filled container of a specific shape and a portion of the container not full, typically fixed in the upper part of the main structure. The liquid in the container also acts as an added mass; when the main structure is subjected to excited vibration, the liquid sloshes along with it, and its inertial force is opposite to the direction of the main structure's vibration, providing beneficial resistance to the main structure. From an energy perspective, the main structure must provide energy to maintain the liquid sloshing and to provide energy for the viscous damping of the liquid. The damper effectively transfers and dissipates some of the vibration energy of the main structure. Tuned liquid dampers are characterized by their simple structure, small footprint, and near-maintenance-free operation. However, due to the lower density of the liquid, their energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect on the main structure is not as good as that of tuned mass dampers, and they are generally suitable for dealing with wind loads and minor earthquake responses in high-rise buildings.
[0009] In summary, existing tuned mass dampers and tuned liquid dampers present a contradiction regarding space utilization and energy dissipation efficiency: tuned mass dampers require large mass blocks, resulting in low space utilization, while tuned liquid dampers, although space-saving, have limited energy dissipation capacity due to liquid density. Therefore, designing a hybrid damper that can reduce space occupation while improving energy dissipation efficiency has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid, comprising:
[0011] A cylindrical container, consisting of a tube wall and two side sealing plates, has a length-to-diameter ratio of 12:1 to 8:1, which balances the matching of mass block movement and liquid sloshing frequency with structural stability.
[0012] A mass block is disposed inside the cylindrical container. The mass block is shaped as a sphere, a cylinder, or a waist-shaped cylinder. Among them, the sphere has the best symmetry, the liquid has little resistance to its movement, it rolls flexibly, and has a small mass. The cylinder has a large mass, and its axial frictional resistance is large, which hinders the sloshing of the liquid. The waist-shaped cylinder has the advantages of the compromise between the sphere and the cylinder. The middle cylindrical section is used to increase the mass, and the two hemispherical ends are used to reduce resistance.
[0013] An internal liquid is filled inside the cylindrical container, and the volume of the internal liquid occupies 40% to 60% of the internal volume of the cylindrical container, thereby optimizing the energy distribution and frequency control of the liquid-mass block.
[0014] In some embodiments, the ratio of the outer diameter of the mass block to the inner diameter of the cylindrical container is 0.75:1 to 0.95:1, balancing the efficiency of inertial force transmission and liquid flow.
[0015] In some embodiments, the cylindrical container has 2 to 6 equally spaced assembly through holes at both ends of the tube wall for modular splicing. The inner side of the side sealing plate is provided with an elastic anti-collision ring for buffering and dissipating collision energy. The center of the side sealing plate is provided with a removable sealing plug for easy injection and replacement of the internal liquid.
[0016] In some embodiments, the thickness of the elastic anti-collision ring is greater than the minimum distance between the mass block and the side sealing plate, which can ensure that the mass block contacts the anti-collision ring under extreme displacement, dissipates energy through elastic deformation, and avoids rigid collision.
[0017] In some embodiments, the sealing plug is characterized by having a threaded connection structure, which provides both detachability and sealing.
[0018] In some embodiments, the axial direction of the cylindrical container is configured according to the plan shape of the building structure:
[0019] If the building structure plan is rectangular, then the axis of the column container is parallel to the short side of the rectangular plane, which can make the direction of the inertial force of the mass block and the liquid opposite to the direction of the main vibration, so as to obtain the maximum vibration reduction efficiency.
[0020] If the building structure plan is square, hexagonal, octagonal or circular, the axis of the columnar container is arranged parallel to the corresponding side direction to ensure that each axis of symmetry is covered by a damper to form an omnidirectional energy dissipation system. Among them, the circular building has no clear edge line and is arranged according to the octagonal direction.
[0021] In some embodiments, the dampers are modularly assembled and stacked in a serial or parallel manner through the assembly through holes. Multiple dampers are connected end to end or in parallel along the axial direction of the cylindrical container and fixed to the connecting parts (such as bolts or connecting plates) through the assembly through holes. When a single damper fails, the remaining units can still work normally.
[0022] In some embodiments, the mass block is an oblong column with hemispherical ends and a length of 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the mass block. The mass block adopts a combination design of oblong column and hemispherical ends. Its streamlined profile can reduce the resistance of liquid flow and increase the inertial force through the central column section.
[0023] This invention combines the advantages of existing mass-tuned dampers and tuned liquid dampers. It places a mass block and an unfilled container of internal liquid inside a cylindrical container and fixes it horizontally in the upper middle part of the main structure. When the main structure is subjected to excited vibration, the mass block undergoes reverse displacement, and the internal liquid undergoes reverse swaying, thereby consuming part of the vibration energy of the main structure and effectively weakening the wind load and seismic response of the main structure. It features simple structure, small size, modular assembly, good energy dissipation effect, adaptability to different building plan shapes, and low cost and maintenance. Attached Figure Description
[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0026] Figure label:
[0027] 1. Columnar container; 11. Pipe wall; 111. Assembly through hole; 12. Side sealing plate; 121. Elastic anti-collision ring; 122. Sealing plug; 2. Mass block; 3. Internal liquid. Detailed Implementation
[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
[0029] In the description of this utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "having" as used herein, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or components is not necessarily limited to those steps or components that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or components that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.
[0031] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the connection within two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.
[0032] like Figure 1 A type of tuned mass and tuned fluid composite damper, as shown, includes:
[0033] The cylindrical container 1 is composed of a pipe wall 11 and two side sealing plates 12. The ratio of the length to the diameter of the cylindrical container 1 is 12:1 to 8:1, which avoids structural instability caused by insufficient internal space due to a small length-to-diameter ratio or a large length-to-diameter ratio.
[0034] When the length-to-diameter ratio is too small, such as <8:1, the cylindrical container 1 is close to a short column, the space for liquid sloshing is limited, the liquid mass distribution is too concentrated, it is difficult to form a sufficient reverse inertial force, and at the same time, the motion stroke of the mass block 2 in the short container is insufficient, and the inertial energy dissipation effect is reduced.
[0035] When the length-to-diameter ratio is too large, such as >12:1, the cylindrical container 1 is slender and is prone to structural stability and operational reliability due to its own bending deformation when installed horizontally.
[0036] Mass block 2 is disposed inside the cylindrical container 1. The shape of mass block 2 is a sphere, a cylinder, or a waist-shaped cylinder.
[0037] Optionally, mass block 2 is an oblong cylinder, such as an oblong cylinder with a major axis to minor axis ratio of 2:1, and the direction of the major axis is consistent with the axis of the cylindrical container 1;
[0038] Optionally, the mass block may be made of metal.
[0039] Built-in liquid 3 is filled in the cylindrical container 1. The volume of the built-in liquid 3 accounts for 40% to 60% of the internal volume of the cylindrical container 1, so as to avoid insufficient liquid energy consumption when the liquid content is low or deterioration of the shaking mode when the liquid content is high.
[0040] When the liquid mass is insufficient, such as <40%, the proportion of energy consumed by liquid sloshing decreases, and the system degenerates into one that mainly consumes energy by the inertia of the mass block, losing its mixing advantage. When the liquid is too full, such as >60%, there is insufficient space for sloshing, and the energy consumption efficiency decreases.
[0041] Optionally, the built-in fluid 3 can be selected from water, diesel, lubricating fluid, and hydraulic oil.
[0042] In some embodiments, the ratio of the outer diameter of the mass block 2 to the inner diameter of the cylindrical container 1 is 0.75:1 to 0.95:1, to avoid the inertial force being too low when the ratio of the outer diameter of the mass block 2 to the inner diameter of the cylindrical container 1 is too small, or the liquid sloshing not being smooth when the ratio is too large.
[0043] When the ratio of the outer diameter of mass block 2 to the inner diameter of cylindrical container 1 is too small, such as <0.75, the gap between mass block 2 and the inner wall of cylindrical container 1 is too large, which weakens the interaction between mass block 2 and the liquid during reciprocating motion, and the inertial force of mass block 2 decreases by about 50%.
[0044] When the ratio of the outer diameter of mass block 2 to the inner diameter of cylindrical container 1 is too large, such as >0.95, the gap is too small, the viscous resistance of the liquid increases significantly, hindering the free movement of mass block 2.
[0045] In some embodiments, the cylindrical container 1 has 2 to 6 equally spaced assembly through holes 111 at each of its left and right ends along the edge of the tube wall 11.
[0046] Preferably, there are 4 assembly through holes 111, which can be connected in the up, down, left and right directions by bolts / connectors, and support multiple assembly methods, such as extending along the container axis to cover the long side (such as the short side of a rectangular building), or fixing multiple containers side by side to form an anti-torsion array (such as around the core tube), or connecting them through angle steel frames to build a three-dimensional damping network (such as a large-span dome).
[0047] The inner side of the side sealing plate 12 is provided with an elastic anti-collision ring 121, and the center of the side sealing plate 12 is provided with a detachable sealing plug 122.
[0048] Optionally, the anti-collision ring 121 can be installed on the side sealing plate 12 by means of a slot or by adhesive.
[0049] In some embodiments, the thickness of the elastic anti-collision ring 121 is greater than the minimum distance between the mass block 2 and the side sealing plate 12. When the mass block 2 approaches the side sealing plate 12 due to vibration, the elastic anti-collision ring 121 needs to intervene in advance before the mass block 2 contacts the side sealing plate 12. It absorbs the impact energy through elastic deformation to prevent direct collision of metal parts, which could cause structural damage or noise. At the same time, the compression deformation of the elastic material can prolong the collision time, reduce the instantaneous impact force, and protect the integrity of the structure.
[0050] In some embodiments, the sealing plug 122 has a threaded connection structure;
[0051] Optionally, the sealing plug 122 is an external threaded bolt, and a matching internal threaded hole is opened in the center of the side sealing plate 12. The seal is achieved by tightening the bolt. The bolt specification can be M12, M16 or M20, depending on the container size. The threaded connection structure can achieve quick disassembly and assembly, making it easy to replace the internal liquid 3. It also provides sufficient axial locking force through thread engagement to prevent liquid leakage. Compared with snap or pin connection solutions, threaded connection has higher reliability in vibration environment.
[0052] In some embodiments, the axial direction of the cylindrical container 1 is configured according to the plan shape of the building structure:
[0053] If the building structure plan is rectangular, then the axis of column container 1 is parallel to the shorter side of the rectangular plan;
[0054] If the building structure plan is a square, a regular hexagon, or a regular octagon, then the axes of column container 1 are arranged according to the directions of the corresponding sides;
[0055] If the building structure plan is circular, then the axes of column container 1 are arranged in a regular octagon;
[0056] For regular polygonal or circular buildings, the damper axis is parallel to each side, which can cover all possible vibration directions. Taking a regular hexagon as an example, six sets of dampers are arranged along the six sides to form a hexagonal energy dissipation ring, ensuring that at least two sets of dampers are in the optimal working direction when seismic waves are input from any direction. Circular buildings do not have clear edges, but in actual design they are often discretized into approximate structures such as regular octagons.
[0057] Optionally, when the building structure is elliptical, it can be compared to a rectangle, with the damper axis parallel to the minor axis of the ellipse. When the building structure is an asymmetrical plane, the direction of the main vibration can be determined based on the structural stiffness analysis, and the dampers can be arranged in a customized manner.
[0058] In some embodiments, the dampers are modularly assembled and stacked in a serial or parallel manner through the assembly through-holes 111;
[0059] For example, three dampers are connected in series along the axial direction and bolted to steel connecting plates through mounting holes 111 at both ends. They are arranged along the long side of the building structure and fixed to the structural beams or the top floor slab at both ends by expansion bolts.
[0060] In some embodiments, the mass block 2 is an oblong column with hemispherical ends and a length of 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the mass block 2;
[0061] The streamlined profile of the waist-shaped column facilitates liquid flow, allowing the inertial force of the mass block and the reverse force of liquid sloshing to be efficiently superimposed, thereby improving the overall energy consumption efficiency. The hemispherical end avoids stress concentration, and combined with the buffering effect of the elastic anti-collision ring, it can improve the reliability of the device.
[0062] Example 1
[0063] The cylindrical container 1 is composed of a steel pipe wall 11 and two steel side sealing plates 12. The outer diameter of the cylindrical container 1 is 160mm, the length is 1600mm, the thickness of the pipe wall 11 is 3mm, and four assembly through holes 111 with a diameter of 11mm are provided at the left and right ends of the pipe wall 11.
[0064] The two side sealing plates 12 have a diameter of 154mm and a thickness of 4mm. The sealing plug 122 at the center is made of M16 bolts. The elastic anti-collision ring 121 on the inner side of the sealing plate 12 is a rubber gasket with an outer diameter of 100mm, an inner diameter of 20mm, and a thickness of 24mm.
[0065] Mass block 2 is made of solid steel and is shaped like an oblong column with a diameter of 140mm, a length of 280mm, and two hemispheres with a radius of 70mm at each end;
[0066] The built-in liquid 3 is selected as diesel, and its liquid position coincides with the axis of the cylindrical container 1, that is, the volume of the built-in liquid 3 occupies about 50% of the internal volume of the cylindrical container 1;
[0067] The HY-4A variable-speed multi-purpose oscillator was used as the earthquake simulation platform. Its horizontal reciprocating oscillation mode (amplitude 20mm, frequency 0-320 rpm stepless speed regulation) can simulate the horizontal shear force of seismic waves. Two scaled-down building models were fixed on the oscillator's worktable (430×270mm). One model was equipped with the aforementioned tuned mass and tuned liquid composite damper, while the other was a fixed object with the same mass and center of mass height. The oscillator was started, and the speed was gradually increased from low to the target frequency (230 rpm) to simulate the dynamic loading process of the seismic transverse wave (horizontal shear wave). The real-time displacement of the two models was recorded visually and by video. Experimental data showed that the tuned mass and tuned liquid composite damper demonstrated its ability to regulate the dynamic response of the building structure, significantly reducing the sway amplitude of the main structure and shortening the vibration decay time, thus verifying the effectiveness of the tuned mass and tuned liquid composite damper in improving the dynamic performance of the structure under seismic load.
[0068] The maximum external dimensions of the embodiment are 1600mm×160mm×160mm, the weight of the cylindrical container 1 is about 17.3kg, the weight of the mass block 2 is about 28kg, the weight of the internal liquid 3 is about 12.3kg, and the total weight is about 57.6kg.
[0069] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned fluid, characterized in that, include: A cylindrical container (1) is composed of a tube wall (11) and two side sealing plates (12), wherein the length to diameter ratio of the cylindrical container (1) is 12:1 to 8:1; A mass block (2) is disposed inside the cylindrical container (1), and the mass block is shaped as a sphere, a cylinder, or a waist-shaped cylinder; An internal liquid (3) is filled inside the cylindrical container (1), and the volume of the internal liquid (3) accounts for 40% to 60% of the internal volume of the cylindrical container (1); The cylindrical container (1) has 2 to 6 equally spaced assembly through holes (111) at the left and right ends of the tube wall (11). The side sealing plate (12) has an elastic anti-collision ring (121) on the inner side and a removable sealing plug (122) at the center of the side sealing plate (12).
2. The composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the outer diameter of the mass block (2) to the inner diameter of the cylindrical container (1) is 0.75:1 to 0.95:
1.
3. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the elastic anti-collision ring (121) is greater than the minimum distance between the mass block (2) and the side sealing plate (12).
4. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing plug (122) has a threaded connection structure.
5. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial direction of the columnar container (1) is configured according to the plan shape of the building structure: If the building structure plan is rectangular, then the axis of the column container (1) is parallel to the short side of the rectangular plan; If the building structure plan is a square, a regular hexagon, or a regular octagon, then the axes of the column container (1) are arranged parallel to each other along the corresponding side directions; If the building structure plan is circular, then the axis of the column container (1) is arranged in a regular octagon.
6. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dampers are modularly assembled and stacked in a serial or parallel manner through the assembly through-hole (111).
7. A composite damper of tuned mass and tuned fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass block (2) is a waist-shaped cylinder with hemispherical ends and a length of 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the mass block (2).