Combined rock breaking drill for emergency rescue

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of combined rock drilling tools for emergency rescue in the field of emergency rescue equipment, including impactor, percussion drill bit, slagging shaft and the outer passage pipe of axial direction through, the front end of outer passage pipe is evenly distributed and installed with multiple outer disc-shaped hob and inner disc-shaped hob in radial interval, the impactor is fixedly connected in slagging pipe, the percussion drill bit is fixedly connected at the front end of impactor, and percussion drill bit and impactor are installed in outer passage pipe by the support of slagging shaft, the front end of outer passage pipe is also installed with high-pressure water cutting head. The drill tool of the present application is combined by the above different rock breaking modes, improves the adaptability of drill tool to complex construction environment, and improves drilling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of emergency rescue equipment, specifically to a combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue. Background Technology

[0002] Following major disasters such as earthquakes, mine accidents, landslides, and tunnel collapses, the rapid and precise drilling of life-detection holes or rescue passages is crucial for saving lives. Rescue passage holes are typically 800mm in diameter; however, the geological structure of the collapse bodies formed at disaster sites is extremely complex, usually composed of a mixture of loose debris, concrete blocks, reinforcing steel, soil, and large boulders and hard rock layers. Under the critical 72-hour window for rescue operations, this heterogeneous, unstable, and complex environment places extremely demanding requirements on the drilling equipment.

[0003] Currently, commonly used drilling tools in the field of emergency rescue mainly include rotary cutting drills, impact crushing drills, and the rotating cutterhead of tunnel boring machines for rock breaking. For example... Figure 1 As shown, conventional PDC drill bits and ball-tooth drill bits are designed for homogeneous rock formations. When encountering large boulders or high-strength concrete blocks, PDC cutting teeth are prone to chipping or excessive wear, while impact drill bits may break due to stress concentration caused by their monolithic structure. Furthermore, for loosely structured and unstable collapsing bodies, the small annular gap between the outer wall and the borehole wall of traditional drills during drilling makes them easily filled with debris, fluid soil, or small stones, generating significant frictional resistance and encapsulation forces, leading to "stuck" or "locked-in" drill bits. To enhance chip removal capabilities, the chip space of the drill bit is usually increased, but this often weakens the drill bit's strength and torsional resistance; conversely, to enhance borehole stability and prevent collapse, the gap between the drill bit and the borehole wall needs to be reduced, which in turn exacerbates the risk of stuck drill bits. Current technologies struggle to achieve a good balance between efficient chip removal and reliable anti-sticking. As shown in Figure 1, in traditional drilling rigs, excavated soil is discharged along the gap between the outer walls of borehole 101 and drill rod 102 during construction. In actual construction, this discharge can cause borehole enlargement, and horizontal drilling can easily lead to hole deviation, borehole collapse, and drill bit jamming, making further construction impossible. Furthermore, during construction in soft, collapsed building complexes, encountering boulders and reinforcing steel can cause the drill bit to slip, preventing further drilling. The inability to cut the reinforcing steel also hinders drilling progress.

[0004] As shown in Figure 2, Figure 3As shown, the cutterhead structure combines a disc cutter and a PDC (Power Distribution Center). During cutterhead rotation, the PDC cutters mounted on the cutterhead cutterhead are driven by a hydraulic cylinder to cut, while simultaneously the disc cutter on the cutterhead presses firmly against the rock surface. As the cutterhead rotates, the disc cutter rotates both around the central axis of the cutterhead and on its own axis. Under the thrust and torque of the cutterhead, the disc cutter cuts a series of concentric circular grooves on the working face. When the thrust exceeds the rock strength, the rock under the disc cutter tip is directly crushed, with the cutter tip penetrating the rock to form a crushing zone and radial cracks. With further pressure, when the cutter spacing S meets certain conditions, the cracks in the rock between adjacent cutters extend and intersect, forming rock fragments that collapse, thus completing one rock-breaking process. This type of cutterhead can still achieve rapid hole drilling even when encountering reinforcing steel bars.

[0005] From such Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 As shown in the rock-breaking drill, after the drill creates a rescue hole, the cutting tool blocks the front end of the created rescue hole, isolating the accident point and blocking the rescue passage. Therefore, it must be removed. The removal is done as a whole with the removal of the drill propulsion device. Since the rapid rescue passage is usually a hole with a diameter of 800mm, removal will cause the rescue passage created in the collapsed loose body to collapse, causing a new disaster. Utility Model Content

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue, so as to achieve the dual effects of chip removal and anti-jamming.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue, comprising an impactor, an impact drill bit, a slag discharge shaft, and an outer channel pipe extending along the axial direction. Multiple outer and inner disc-shaped cutters are evenly distributed radially at the front end of the outer channel pipe. The impactor is fixedly connected inside the slag discharge pipe, and the impact drill bit is fixedly connected to the front end of the impactor. The impact drill bit and the impactor are mounted inside the outer channel pipe with the support of the slag discharge shaft. A high-pressure water jet cutting head is also installed at the front end of the outer channel pipe.

[0008] The principle and advantages of this scheme are as follows: In the process of rapidly constructing emergency rescue boreholes, this type of emergency rescue drilling tool uses an impact drill bit in the middle to break rocks, resulting in strong overall rock-breaking ability and fast drilling speed; the periphery uses disc cutters to grind and break rocks, improving the drill bit's adaptability to geological environments; and high-pressure water cutting heads are used between the disc cutters to break rocks and cut reinforcing steel and other skeleton materials. Through this combination of rock-breaking methods, the adaptability to complex environments during the formation of rescue holes is improved, the drilling efficiency is increased, and the rescue time is shortened.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the outer channel pipe consists of a front connector, a drive female connector, a connecting inner pipe, and a connecting outer pipe. The connecting inner pipe and the connecting outer pipe are coaxial and their ends are fixedly connected to the front connector and the drive female connector, respectively. The outer disc-shaped cutter, the inner disc-shaped cutter, and the high-pressure water jet cutting head are all mounted on the front connector. The split structure facilitates manufacturing, transportation, and rapid on-site assembly and replacement, making it particularly suitable for the time-sensitive requirements of emergency rescue. The connecting inner pipe and the connecting outer pipe form a stable annular channel, providing a reliable path for high-pressure fluid transportation.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, both the inner and outer walls of the front connector and the drive female connector at opposite ends are provided with constricted notches, and the two ends of the connecting inner tube and the connecting outer tube are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding constricted notches. The constricted notch design forms a positioning step, making the docking and installation of the connecting inner tube and the connecting outer tube more convenient and accurate, ensuring the coaxiality of the inner and outer tubes, thereby ensuring the stability and dynamic balance performance of the overall drill bit structure. At the same time, this plug-in mating structure increases the welding or connection area, significantly enhancing the strength and sealing reliability of the connection node, and can withstand the huge torque and vibration during drilling.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, both the front connector and the drive female connector are provided with jet channels, and a high-pressure jet pipe communicating with the jet channels at both ends is provided between the inner connecting pipe and the outer connecting pipe. The high-pressure jet pipe and the jet channels constitute a jet pipeline. Placing the high-pressure jet pipe in the annular space between the inner and outer connecting pipes avoids the risk of entanglement and damage to the external pipelines, ensuring that high-pressure water can be safely and efficiently delivered from the rear end of the drilling rig to the front end of the hydraulic cutting head, providing continuous power for hydraulic cutting.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the end of the drive female connector away from the front connector is provided with an annular groove communicating with the jet channel. The design of the annular groove allows high-pressure fluid to be injected into the jet channel from the circumference through devices such as rotary joints, simplifying the connection interface between the drill bit and the external high-pressure pumping system, and realizing rapid docking and sealed fluid supply under continuous rotation.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, a back pressure valve is also installed on the front connector, and the back pressure valve is connected to the jet channel on the front connector. During the high-pressure water flow rock breaking process, in the low-pressure state, the high-pressure water flows out from the back pressure valve to cool and discharge slag; in the high-pressure state, the high-pressure water flow pushes the back pressure valve to close, and the high-pressure water flow is sprayed out from the high-pressure water cutting head to break the rock.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the front connector is provided with multiple disc-shaped hob shafts, and multiple outer and inner disc-shaped hobs are connected to corresponding disc-shaped hob shafts. By setting disc-shaped hob shafts to install the outer and inner disc-shaped hobs, each outer and inner disc-shaped hob can rotate independently and flexibly around the disc-shaped hob shaft, minimizing sliding friction and reducing working resistance and wear.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the slag discharge shaft includes a slag discharge pipe and helical blades fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slag discharge pipe, with the helical blades fitting against the inner wall of the outer channel pipe. The rotating helical blades can generate a strong axial conveying force, continuously and rapidly pushing the debris and slag generated from rock breaking towards the rear of the drill pipe. This effectively solves the problems of poor slag discharge, slag clogging the drill bit, and high frictional resistance that easily occur in loose, fluid-plastic formations.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the impactor is fixedly connected inside the slag discharge pipe, with the outer mating surface of the impactor tightly fitted to the inner mating surface of the slag discharge pipe. By embedding the impactor inside and tightly fitting it into the slag discharge pipe, the slag discharge pipe simultaneously serves as a protective sleeve and a torque transmission shaft.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the rear end of the impactor is provided with a threaded joint. This facilitates the quick installation and disassembly of the drill string and efficiently transmits the drilling rig's thrust and rotational torque to the entire front end of the drill string, ensuring the effective transmission of impact energy and tunneling force. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and working conditions of an existing PDC drill bit.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the existing disc hob and PDC insert forming a cutter head structure.

[0020] Figure 3 This describes the working principle of a disc hob.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Top view.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inner and outer channel tubes.

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the central slag discharge shaft.

[0025] Figure 8for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the impact head and impactor.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the usage status of the combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue in the embodiment.

[0027] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: drive rod A, drill hole 101, drill rod 102, outer channel pipe 1, high-pressure water cutting head 2, outer disc cutter 3, inner disc cutter 4, disc cutter shaft 5, impactor 6, impact drill bit 7, slag discharge shaft 8, front connector 9, connecting outer pipe 10, connecting inner pipe 11, high-pressure jet pipe 12, drive female connector 13, jet channel 14, connecting hole 15, back pressure valve 16, slag discharge shaft pipe 17, spiral blade 18, inner mating surface 19, outer mating surface 20, threaded connector 21, inner channel 22, medium input hole 23, connector 24, medium input pipe 25, medium 26, high-pressure water flow 27, first driving force 28, second driving force 29. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0029] The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figures 4-8 As shown: A combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue includes an impactor 6, an impact drill bit 7, a slag discharge shaft 8, a high-pressure water cutting head 2, a back pressure valve 16, and an external channel pipe 1 extending along the axial direction.

[0030] The outer channel pipe 1 consists of a front connector 9, a drive female connector 13, a connecting inner pipe 11, and a connecting outer pipe 10. Both the front connector 9 and the drive female connector 13 have jet channels 14. The connecting inner pipe 11 and the connecting outer pipe 10 are coaxial, and their two ends are fixedly connected to the front connector 9 and the drive female connector 13, respectively. Specifically, the inner and outer walls of opposite ends of the front connector 9 and the drive female connector 13 are provided with constrictions. The two ends of the connecting inner pipe 11 and the connecting outer pipe 10 are welded to the corresponding constrictions. The clamp formed by the connecting inner pipe 11 and the connecting outer pipe 10... The layered design helps to improve the pressure resistance of the outer channel pipe 1; the end of the drive female connector 13 away from the inner connecting pipe 11 is provided with a connection hole 15; a high-pressure jet pipe 12 is provided between the inner connecting pipe 11 and the outer connecting pipe 10, which communicates with the jet channels 14 at both ends. The high-pressure jet pipe 12 and the jet channel 14 constitute a jet pipeline. The two ends of the high-pressure jet pipe 12 are respectively welded to the front connector 9 and the drive female connector 13. The end of the drive female connector 13 away from the front connector 9 is provided with an annular groove, which communicates with the jet channel 14 on the drive female connector 13.

[0031] Both the high-pressure water cutting head 2 and the back pressure valve 16 are installed at the front end of the front connector 9. Six outer disc-shaped cutters 3 and inner disc-shaped cutters 4 are also radially and evenly distributed at the front end of the front connector 9. Both the outer disc-shaped cutters 3 and inner disc-shaped cutters 4 are rotatably connected to the outer channel pipe 1 via disc-shaped cutter shafts 5. The inlet end of the back pressure valve 16 is connected to the jet channel 14 on the front connector 9. The front connector 9 also has an inner channel 22, the two ends of which are connected to the outlet end of the back pressure valve 16 and the high-pressure water cutting head 2, respectively.

[0032] The slag discharge shaft 8 includes a slag discharge pipe and a spiral blade 18 welded to the outer wall of the slag discharge pipe. The spiral blade 18 fits against the inner wall of the outer channel pipe 1. The outer mating surface 20 of the impactor 6 is mated and fixed with the inner mating surface 19 of the slag discharge pipe. The rear end of the impactor 6 is provided with a threaded joint 21. The impact drill bit 7 is fixedly connected to the front end of the impactor 6.

[0033] The specific implementation process is as follows: During use, connect the combined rock-breaking drill bit for emergency rescue with the integrated unit equipment for emergency rescue slag removal, support, and rescue channels (as shown in the attached document). Figure 9 (As shown).

[0034] The integrated unit equipment for emergency rescue slag removal, support, and rescue channels includes a communication transmission component, an outer channel pipe 1, and a slag removal shaft 8 located inside the outer channel pipe 1. The outer surface of one end of the outer channel pipe 1 has an external thread, and the inner surface of the other end has an internal thread that mates with the external thread. The slag removal shaft 8 includes a drive shaft tube and a spiral blade 18 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive shaft tube. The spiral blade 18 fits against the inner wall of the outer channel pipe 1. The drive shaft tube is rotatable and detachably connected to the outer channel pipe 1. The outer surface of the front end of the drive shaft tube is a splined outer mating surface 20, and the inner surface of the other end of the drive shaft tube is a splined inner mating surface 19. The inner mating surface 19 is adapted to the outer mating surface 20. The outer channel tube 1 consists of a male drive connector, a female drive connector 13, an inner connecting tube 11, and an outer connecting tube 10. External and internal threads are respectively located at opposite ends of the male and female drive connectors 13. Both the male and female drive connectors 13 have jet channels 14. The inner connecting tube 11 and the outer connecting tube 10 are coaxial and their ends are fixedly connected to the male and female drive connectors 13, respectively. A high-pressure jet tube 12, communicating with the jet channels 14 at both ends, is provided between the inner connecting tube 11 and the outer connecting tube 10. The front end of the male drive connector extends into… The drive male connector has an annular boss structure, and the jet channel 14 inside the drive female connector communicates with the front end face of the boss structure. On the rear end face of the drive female connector 13, an annular groove that mates with the boss structure is provided inward, and the jet channel 14 inside the drive female connector 13 communicates with the annular groove. The drive shaft tube is provided with a medium input tube 25, and an annular plug plate is sealed to the outer wall of the medium input tube 25. The side of the annular plug plate away from the medium input tube 25 is fixed to the drive shaft tube and sealed. There are two annular plug plates, which are respectively close to the two ends of the medium input tube 25. One end of the medium input pipe 25 extends outward to form a sealed pipe, and the inner surface of the other end has a sealing surface adapted to the outer surface of the sealed pipe. A communication transmission component is installed inside the medium input pipe 25. The communication transmission component includes a return spring, a front terminal, a rear terminal, a desktop insulating pad, an annular insulating pad, and a cable. Both ends of the cable are fixedly connected to the front terminal and the rear terminal, respectively, and extend to their ends. The front terminal is slidably connected inside the desktop insulating pad. The return spring is fixedly connected to the front terminal and its free end abuts against the desktop insulating pad. A locking nut is threaded onto the end of the front terminal near the rear terminal. The rear terminal is fixedly connected to the annular insulating pad. A support frame for fixing the desktop insulating pad and the annular insulating pad is provided on the inner wall of the medium input pipe 25. For a more detailed structural description of the integrated unit device for emergency rescue slag removal, support, and rescue channels, please refer to the patent filed on the same day entitled "An Integrated Unit Device for Emergency Rescue Slag Removal, Support, and Rescue Channels". For ease of description, the integrated unit device for emergency rescue, including slag removal, support, and rescue channel, will be referred to as drive rod A.

[0035] like Figure 9As shown, the drive rod A drives the combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue. The slag discharge shaft 8 of the drive rod A is connected to the threaded joint 21 of the impactor 6 through the joint 24. The outer channel pipe 1 of the drive rod A is connected to the drive female joint 13 of the combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue.

[0036] The second driving force 29 drives the drive rod A to rotate, and through the outer channel tube 1 of the drive rod A to rotate, thereby driving the outer channel tube 1 of the emergency rescue combined rock breaking drill to rotate. The outer disc cutter 3 and the inner disc cutter 4 installed at the front end of the outer channel tube 1 of the emergency rescue combined rock breaking drill cutter ...

[0037] The first driving force 28 drives the slag discharge shaft 8 of the drive rod A to rotate, and drives the joint 24 to rotate, thereby driving the impactor 6 and the impact drill bit 7 to rotate. At the same time, the slag discharge shaft 8 fixed on the impactor 6 rotates with the impactor 6, and the spiral blade on the slag discharge shaft 8 rotates together to discharge slag.

[0038] Medium 26 enters the impactor 6 through the medium input pipe 25 of the drive rod A, driving the impact drill bit 7 to impact and break the rock; high-pressure water flow 27 enters the annular groove of the emergency rescue combined rock breaking drill through the jet channel 14 of the drive rod A and reaches the high-pressure water cutting head 2 to be sprayed out, realizing rock cutting; during the rock breaking process of high-pressure water flow 27, in the low pressure state, the high-pressure water flow 27 flows out from the back pressure valve 16 to cool and discharge slag, and in the high pressure state, the high-pressure water flow 27 pushes the back pressure valve 16 to close, and the high-pressure water flow 27 is sprayed out from the high-pressure water cutting head 2 to break the rock.

[0039] By combining the above rock-breaking methods, the adaptability of emergency rescue combined rock-breaking drills to complex environments is improved, and drilling efficiency is increased.

[0040] After the emergency rescue combined rock-breaking drill of this utility model forms a rescue hole, the outer channel pipe 1 remains in the created rescue hole. The slag discharge shaft 8, the impactor 6 and the impact drill bit 7 are directly removed. The outer channel pipe 1 supports the rescue hole to form a rescue channel.

[0041] In the above-mentioned utility model structure, the impactor 6 and impact drill bit 7 can also be replaced with a cutter head and a PDC drill tool.

[0042] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model. Commonly known technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solution of this utility model. These modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue, comprising an impactor, an impact drill bit, a slag discharge shaft, and an outer channel pipe extending along the axial direction, characterized in that: Multiple outer disc-shaped cutters and inner disc-shaped cutters are evenly distributed radially at the front end of the outer channel pipe; the impactor is fixedly connected inside the slag discharge pipe, and the impact drill bit is fixedly connected to the front end of the impactor. The impact drill bit and the impactor are installed inside the outer channel pipe by the support of the slag discharge shaft; a high-pressure water cutting head is also installed at the front end of the outer channel pipe.

2. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer channel tube consists of a front connector, a drive female connector, a connecting inner tube, and a connecting outer tube. The connecting inner tube and the connecting outer tube are coaxial and their two ends are fixedly connected to the front connector and the drive female connector, respectively. The outer disc-shaped cutter, the inner disc-shaped cutter, and the high-pressure water jet cutting head are all mounted on the front connector.

3. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner and outer walls of the front connector and the drive female connector at opposite ends are provided with constricted openings, and the two ends of the connecting inner tube and the connecting outer tube are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding constricted openings.

4. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the front connector and the drive female connector are provided with jet channels. A high-pressure jet pipe is provided between the inner connecting pipe and the outer connecting pipe, which communicates with the jet channels at both ends. The high-pressure jet pipe and the jet channels constitute a jet pipeline.

5. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end of the drive female connector away from the front connector is provided with an annular groove that communicates with the jet channel.

6. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front connector is also equipped with a back pressure valve, which is connected to the jet channel on the front connector.

7. The combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front connector is provided with multiple disc-shaped hob shafts, and the multiple outer disc-shaped hobs and inner disc-shaped hobs are all connected to the corresponding disc-shaped hob shafts.

8. A combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The slag discharge shaft includes a slag discharge pipe and a spiral blade fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slag discharge pipe. The spiral blade is in contact with the inner wall of the outer channel pipe.

9. A combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 8, characterized in that: The impactor is fixedly connected inside the slag discharge pipe, and the outer mating surface of the impactor is tightly fitted with the inner mating surface of the slag discharge pipe.

10. A combined rock-breaking drill for emergency rescue according to claim 9, characterized in that: The impactor has a threaded joint at its rear end.

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