A shaped charge and a perforating projectile

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the technical field of perforation equipment, specifically disclosing a shaped charge liner and a perforation projectile. The shaped charge liner has a hyperbolic structure, consisting of an outer surface structure and an inner surface structure. The outer surface structure includes, from top to bottom, a top conical angle, a middle section of the first outer wall, a middle section of the second outer wall, and a bottom section of the outer wall. The top conical angle is spherical, the middle sections of the first and second outer walls are conical arc structures, and the bottom section is cylindrical. The inner surface structure includes, from top to bottom, a top inner wall, a first inner wall, and a second inner wall. The top inner wall is spherical, and the first and second inner walls are conical arc structures. The perforation projectile possesses a shaped charge liner. The hyperbolic structure of the shaped charge liner increases the generatrix length, which is beneficial for stretching the jet into a longer jet shape, significantly improving the jet's armor-piercing / penetrating ability. The perforation projectile based on the shaped charge liner can clear the compacted zone of the perforation channel and improve the formation skin coefficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of perforation equipment technology, and specifically relates to a shaped charge liner and a perforation projectile. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, oilfields primarily complete wells using perforation. Perforation refers to the process in casing completion where a perforating gun, loaded with a perforating cartridge, penetrates the casing and cement sheath, creating a hole of a certain depth in the reservoir and connecting the producing layer to the wellbore. The damage caused by perforation to the oil and gas reservoir mainly manifests as compaction zones and residue contamination formed during the perforation process. This reduces the permeability of the formation surrounding the perforation channel and increases the resistance to oil and gas flow into the well. Therefore, reducing debris fallout contamination and the perforation skin coefficient is beneficial for mitigating perforation damage to the oil and gas reservoir, and is of great significance for increasing oil and gas well production and extending the oil and gas production period.

[0003] Chinese patent CN219366017U discloses a novel low-explosive perforation projectile, comprising a shell containing explosive and a shaped charge liner, and further including: a detonating cord groove located inside the front end of the shell, with a cylindrical detonation port at the rear of the groove, and three conical cavities and a cylindrical cavity connected sequentially to the rear of the detonation port; and a low-explosive retainer fixed to the lower outer half of the shell via an interference fit, used to restrict the falling of debris after the projectile shell detonates. The shaped charge liner, as a core functional component of the perforation projectile, directly affects its penetration power. This novel low-explosive perforation projectile suffers from a weak penetration power due to its shaped charge liner structure, resulting in an inability to clear the compacted zone of the perforation channel and improve the formation skin coefficient. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a shaped charge liner and a perforated projectile.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is: a shaped charge cover with a hyperbolic structure, wherein the hyperbolic structure is composed of an outer side structure and an inner side structure arranged coaxially. The outer side structure includes, from top to bottom, a top conical angle of the outer wall, a middle part of the first outer wall, a middle part of the second outer wall, and a bottom part of the outer wall. The top conical angle of the outer wall is a spherical structure, the middle parts of the first and second outer walls are both conical arc structures, and the bottom part of the outer wall is a cylindrical structure. The inner side structure includes, from top to bottom, a top inner wall, a first inner wall, and a second inner wall. The top inner wall is a spherical structure, and the first and second inner walls are both conical arc structures.

[0006] Furthermore, the material of the shaped charge cover is made of zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal material.

[0007] Furthermore, the zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal material comprises 15% to 30% zinc, 15% to 30% nickel, 1% to 2% additives, and the balance tungsten by mass.

[0008] Furthermore, the zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal material comprises 15% zinc, 15% nickel, 1% additives, and the balance tungsten by mass percentage.

[0009] Furthermore, the additives include release agents and molding agents.

[0010] Furthermore, the release agent is graphite.

[0011] Furthermore, the molding agent is machine oil.

[0012] A perforating projectile, comprising the aforementioned shaped charge liner, further comprising a perforating cartridge case, explosive, and a retaining sleeve, wherein the perforating cartridge case has an inner cavity consisting of a first conical cavity, a second conical cavity, and a cylindrical cavity connected in sequence, and the front end of the perforating cartridge case is provided with a detonating cord groove, which communicates with the first conical cavity through a detonation hole; the explosive is placed in the inner cavity, the shaped charge liner is secured in the inner cavity to limit the explosive, and the retaining sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the perforating cartridge case at the end away from the detonating cord groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the sleeve has a cylindrical structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the sleeve is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: the shaped charge liner of this utility model adopts a hyperbolic structure, which increases the length of the generatrix, which is conducive to stretching the jet into a longer jet shape and significantly improving the armor-piercing / penetrating ability of the jet.

[0016] The armor-piercing principle of shaped charge jets involves using the kinetic energy and impact force of a high-speed jet to continuously "drill" into the target's interior. A longer jet means a longer continuous jet segment that can continuously act on the target during penetration, preventing premature exhaustion of the jet. Maintaining a longer continuous shape during the jet's stretching process reduces energy dispersion caused by jet breakage. The hyperbolic structure, by optimizing the generatrix length, makes the collapse and energy-focusing process of the liner under detonation pressure more uniform, resulting in greater stability during jet stretching. This concentrates more energy in the penetration direction, rather than wasting it on disordered impacts after jet breakage. A longer jet shape allows energy to act on the target more continuously in both time and space. The jet head has the highest velocity and most concentrated energy, while the tail has a slightly lower velocity. A long jet can create a "gradient" continuous impact, first penetrating the target's surface, with subsequent jet segments continuing to transfer energy deeper, further enhancing the destructive effect.

[0017] The perforating projectile based on the shaped charge can not only clear the compacted zone of the perforation channel and improve the formation skin coefficient, but also solve the problems of perforation debris falling and contaminating the wellbore and formation, as well as the low perforation penetration depth. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the perforated cartridge case of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the card sleeve of this utility model.

[0022] Among them, 1-outer side structure, 11-top cone angle of outer wall, 12-middle part of first outer wall, 13-middle part of second outer wall, 14-bottom of outer wall, 2-inner side structure, 21-top of inner wall, 22-first inner wall, 23-second inner wall, 31-hole cartridge case, 32-explosive, 33-clamping sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following is combined Figures 1 to 4 The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0025] Example

[0026] like Figure 1The illustrated shaped charge shroud employs a hyperbolic structure, which consists of an outer surface structure 1 and an inner surface structure 2 coaxially arranged. The outer surface structure 1 includes, from top to bottom, a top conical angle 11, a first outer wall middle section 12, a second outer wall middle section 13, and an outer wall bottom section 14. The top conical angle 11 is spherical, the first outer wall middle section 12 and the second outer wall middle section 13 are both conical arc structures, and the outer wall bottom section 14 is cylindrical. The inner surface structure 2 includes, from top to bottom, an inner wall top section 21, a first inner wall 22, and a second inner wall 23. The inner wall top section 21 is spherical, and the first inner wall 22 and the second inner wall 23 are both conical arc structures.

[0027] In this embodiment, the diameter of the bottom of the outer wall of the shaped charge shroud is 40 mm, and the height of the shaped charge shroud is 42 mm; the radius of the spherical structure corresponding to the top cone angle 11 of the outer wall is 9 mm; the radius of the conical arc structure corresponding to the middle part 12 of the first outer wall is 880.24 mm, and the height corresponding to the middle part 12 of the first outer wall is 13.5 mm; the radius of the conical arc structure corresponding to the middle part 13 of the second outer wall is 720.66 mm, and the height corresponding to the middle part 13 of the second outer wall is 24 mm; the height of the bottom of the outer wall of the shaped charge shroud is 1.55 mm.

[0028] The diameter of the bottom of the inner wall of the shaped charge is 30mm~35mm, and 35mm is preferred in this embodiment; the radius of the first inner wall 22 corresponding to the conical arc structure is 550.36mm, and the radius of the second inner wall 23 corresponding to the conical arc structure is 250.36mm.

[0029] The propellant liner adopts a hyperbolic structure, which increases the length of the generatrix and helps the jet to be stretched into a longer jet shape, significantly improving the jet's armor-piercing / penetrating ability.

[0030] Preferably, the shaped charge liner is made of a zinc-nickel-tungsten-based composite metal material. Because this material contains high-density, high-energy tungsten powder, it ensures the depth of the perforation. Furthermore, the zinc-nickel-tungsten-based composite metal material contains zinc and nickel, resulting in high density and the ability to release a large amount of heat under high-temperature conditions. This causes water vapor in the channel to evaporate rapidly, generating a large amount of gas within the channel, achieving a cleaning effect and thus balancing the perforation depth and cleanliness.

[0031] Preferably, the zinc-nickel-tungsten-based composite metal material comprises 15%–30% zinc, 15%–30% nickel, 1%–2% additives, and the balance tungsten by mass percentage. In preparation, the zinc-nickel-tungsten-based composite metal material is prepared using 15%–30% zinc powder, 15%–30% nickel powder, 1%–2% additives, and the balance tungsten powder.

[0032] Preferably, the zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal material comprises 15% zinc, 15% nickel, 1% additives, and the balance tungsten by mass percentage.

[0033] Preferably, the additives include release agents and molding agents.

[0034] Preferably, the release agent is graphite.

[0035] Preferably, the forming agent is machine oil, which can improve the forming of metal powder when preparing zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal materials.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 2 The perforating projectile shown has the shaped charge liner proposed in Embodiment 1, and also includes a perforating projectile case 31, an explosive 32, and a retainer 33. The perforating projectile case 31 has an inner cavity, which is a first conical cavity, a second conical cavity, and a cylindrical cavity connected in sequence. The front end of the perforating projectile case 31 is provided with a detonating cord groove, and the detonating cord 31 is connected to the first conical cavity through a detonation hole. The explosive 32 is placed in the inner cavity, and the shaped charge liner is locked in the inner cavity to limit the explosive 32. The retainer 33 is sleeved on the outer wall of the perforating projectile case 31 at the end away from the detonating cord groove.

[0038] The perforating projectile based on the shaped charge can not only clear the compacted zone of the perforation channel and improve the formation skin coefficient, but also solve the problems of perforation debris falling and contaminating the wellbore and formation, as well as the low perforation penetration depth.

[0039] Preferred, such as Figure 3 As shown, the outer diameter of the perforated cartridge case 31 is 46 mm, the cone angle θ is 75°, and the height is 52 mm. The inner cylindrical cavity has a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 12 mm. The first frustum of cones has an angle α of 50° and a height of 18 mm, and the second frustum of cones has an angle β of 40° and a height of 15 mm.

[0040] Preferred, such as Figure 4 As shown, the sleeve 33 has a cylindrical structure. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the sleeve 33 corresponding to the cylindrical structure is 55 mm, and the diameter of the central hole is 46 mm.

[0041] Preferably, the ferrule 33 is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene. The ferrule 33 made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene rapidly forms a gel-like viscous fluid under the high temperature and pressure generated by the explosion of the perforating projectile, which firmly binds the fragments generated after the explosion into a block, with only a very small amount of perforation powder and debris falling from the perforation gun orifice into the wellbore, and the debris control rate reaches more than 99%.

[0042] The preparation method of the above embodiments is as follows:

[0043] First, a certain amount of explosive 32 is placed into the inner cavity of the cartridge case 31, then a shaped charge liner is placed inside the inner cavity, and finally, a four-column hydraulic press is used to extrude and form the cartridge case 31 under set pressure and time. Finally, the outer mounting sleeve 33 of the pressed cartridge case 31 is attached.

[0044] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and does not limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model are included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A shaped charge shroud, characterized in that, It is a hyperbolic structure, which is composed of an outer surface structure (1) and an inner surface structure (2) arranged coaxially; The outer surface structure (1) includes the top cone angle (11), the middle part of the first outer wall (12), the middle part of the second outer wall (13), and the bottom of the outer wall (14) distributed from top to bottom. The top cone angle (11) of the outer wall is a spherical structure, the middle part of the first outer wall (12) and the middle part of the second outer wall (13) are both conical arc structures, and the bottom of the outer wall (14) is a cylindrical structure. The inner side structure (2) includes an inner wall top (21), a first inner wall (22) and a second inner wall (23) distributed from top to bottom. The inner wall top (21) is a spherical structure, and the first inner wall (22) and the second inner wall (23) are both conical arc structures.

2. A shaped charge liner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shaped charge cover is made of zinc-nickel-tungsten based composite metal material.

3. A perforating projectile, characterized in that, The shaped charge liner according to any one of claims 1 or 2 further includes a perforated cartridge case (31), an explosive (32), and a retainer (33). The perforated cartridge case (31) has an inner cavity, which is a first conical cavity, a second conical cavity, and a cylindrical cavity connected in sequence. The front end of the perforated cartridge case (31) is provided with a detonating cord groove, which is connected to the first conical cavity through a detonation hole. The explosive (32) is placed in the inner cavity, and the shaped charge liner is clamped in the inner cavity to limit the explosive (32). The retainer (33) is sleeved on the outer wall of the perforated cartridge case (31) away from the detonating cord groove.

4. A perforating projectile as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The ferrule (33) has a cylindrical structure.

5. A perforating projectile as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The sleeve (33) is made of nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene.

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