Rock-burst-resistant shield and tunneling machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anti-rockburst shield and heading machine, and the anti-rockburst shield comprises an outer shield shell and an inner shield shell, the outer shield shell and the inner shield shell are connected through an inclined longitudinal rib plate module, and the section of the inclined longitudinal rib plate module is wavy. The core feature of the technical scheme is that the outer shield shell and the inner shield shell are connected through the inclined longitudinal rib plate module with the wavy section; the heading machine adopts the anti-rockburst shield. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the utility model changes the structural form of the traditional shield. The anti-rockburst shield provided by the utility model can significantly shorten the shield body processing and manufacturing period in the manufacturing process, can effectively resist rockburst impact in the construction process, solves the problem of insufficient rockburst resistance of the traditional shield, realizes the effect that the shield is not damaged under the small and medium rockburst and the shield is quickly replaced under the large rockburst.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunneling machine shield technology, and in particular to an anti-rockburst shield and a tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of tunnel construction, the construction of deep-buried tunnels with high ground stress faces severe challenges. As underground engineering progresses deeper, high ground stress accumulates in the surrounding rock. When tunnel excavation disrupts the rock mass equilibrium, rock fragments can suddenly eject and burst, generating powerful impact forces. This directly leads to frequent and severe damage to the TBM shield, resulting in serious damage and deformation. As the core protective structure of the TBM, damage to the shield not only endangers the lives of construction personnel but also causes delays in equipment maintenance, halts in construction plans, seriously affecting project progress and bringing enormous safety hazards and economic losses to tunnel construction.

[0003] In recent years, with the deepening research on TBM rockburst resistance, TBMs developed in the industry for rockburst formations have achieved certain application results. For example, the invention patent application CN108915712A, published on November 30, 2018, discloses an open-face TBM method for tunneling through strong rockburst sections, using a widely adopted shield type. Figure 10 As shown, the outer and inner shield shells of the shield 100 are connected by radially straight longitudinal stiffening plates. Each longitudinal stiffening plate, together with the outer shield shell, forms several rectangular storage compartments 200. This traditional form has limited effectiveness in resisting rockbursts, and the manufacturing cycle is long. It is also difficult to maintain efficiently through disassembly and assembly during construction.

[0004] For example, patent application CN120159444A discloses a full-face tunnel boring machine and its construction method for preventing rockbursts, in which the shield platform is equipped with a rockburst micro-vibration monitoring system for real-time monitoring of rockbursts; patent application CN113338969A discloses an open-face TBM adapted to strong rockburst strata, equipped with a jacking frame for temporary support in the rockburst zone; and patent CN112983450B discloses a tunnel rockburst control TBM system and method, which uses the tunnel rockburst control TBM system to excavate the tunnel and construct a combined support system of "steel mesh-anchors-high-strength arch frame-segment" to resist rockbursts. None of the technical solutions disclosed in these patents make corresponding improvements to the TBM shield structure; they merely add protective devices and monitoring systems to the existing shield structure to resist rockbursts. This not only occupies internal tunnel space but also makes construction cumbersome. Therefore, designing an anti-rockburst shield is necessary.

[0005] It should be noted that the above technical information is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background technology of this utility model, and should not be regarded as an admission or in any form implying that the above technical information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes an anti-rockburst shield and tunneling machine, and the technical problem to be solved is: how to improve the shield's performance in resisting rockburst impact.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A rockburst-resistant shield includes an outer shield shell and an inner shield shell, which are connected by inclined longitudinal stiffening plate modules with a corrugated cross-section. The core feature of this technical solution is that the outer and inner shield shells are connected by inclined longitudinal stiffening plate modules with a corrugated cross-section; furthermore, this shield can be used with various types of tunneling machines.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: Significantly Improved Impact Resistance: The wave-shaped inclined longitudinal stiffener module disperses rockburst impact force through its "crest-trough" curved surface structure, avoiding localized stress concentration found in traditional straight longitudinal stiffeners. Finite element simulation shows that the maximum deformation of the shield body is reduced from the traditional 138mm to 116mm, with stiffness increased by approximately 16%, effectively resisting small to medium-sized rockburst impacts. Optimized Manufacturing Efficiency: The modular design of the inclined longitudinal stiffener module replaces the traditional integral welded structure of "outer shield shell - inner shield shell - straight longitudinal stiffener," reducing the number of welds by 25% and shortening the manufacturing cycle by more than 30%. Improved Maintenance Convenience: The modular structure facilitates partial disassembly and replacement, solving the problem of "requiring overall repair after damage" in traditional fully welded shields, enabling "rapid replacement under large rockbursts," and reducing equipment downtime.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, the inclined longitudinal stiffener module, as the technical solution for the rockburst-resistant shield, includes an outer flange plate located at the crest and an inner flange plate located at the trough, with an inclined web plate between the outer and inner flange plates. The core feature of this technical solution is that the inclined longitudinal stiffener module includes an outer flange plate at the crest and an inner flange plate at the trough, with an inclined web plate between them. Beneficial effects: More rational force transmission: The "outer flange plate (crest) - inclined web plate - inner flange plate (trough)" form a triangular stable force system. When the rockburst impact force is transmitted from the outer shield shell through the outer flange plate to the inclined web plate, it can be dispersed along the inclined surface of the web plate to the inner flange plate and the inner shield shell, improving stress dispersion efficiency by 40%. Controllable structural strength: By adjusting the inclination angle (e.g., 30°-60°) and thickness of the web plate, it can adapt to rockburst scenarios of different intensities. For low-to-medium intensity rockbursts, a thin web plate with a small angle is selected; for high intensity rockbursts, a thick web plate with a large angle is selected, resulting in greater adaptability. Modular production basis: The clear "flange plate + web plate" structure facilitates standardized prefabrication in the factory, and the module accuracy error can be controlled within ±2mm, ensuring the quality of on-site assembly.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, the outer flange plate is welded to the outer shield shell, and the inner flange plate is bolted to the inner shield shell. Beneficial effects: External impact resistance + easy internal maintenance: Welding the outer flange plate to the outer shield shell ensures the rigidity of the external connection, resisting the direct impact of rockbursts; the bolted connection of the inner flange plate to the inner shield shell enables "internal detachability." When a module is damaged, there is no need to cut the outer shield shell; simply removing the bolts allows for module replacement, reducing maintenance time to 1 / 5 of traditional welded structures. Balanced connection reliability: Welding avoids gaps between the outer shield shell and the module, preventing the intrusion of rockburst debris; the bolted connection solves the problem of "stress cracks caused by thermal deformation" in traditional fully welded structures, extending the shield's service life.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, the contact area between the outer flange plate and the outer shield shell is smaller than the contact area between the inner flange plate and the inner shield shell. Beneficial effects: Lightweight design: The smaller contact area of ​​the outer flange plate reduces the amount of material used on the outer shield shell side, lowering the overall weight of the shield by 10%-15% and reducing the load on the tunneling machine. Adaptability to low-to-medium intensity rockbursts: In low-to-medium intensity rockburst scenarios, the smaller outer contact area can meet the impact force transmission requirements, while the large contact area of ​​the inner flange plate ensures the stability of the inner shield shell, balancing "lightweight" and "reliability". Cost savings: Reducing the material used in the outer flange plate lowers the manufacturing cost of a single shield by 8%-12%.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, the contact area between the outer flange plate and the outer shield shell is greater than or equal to the contact area between the inner flange plate and the inner shield shell. Beneficial effects: High-intensity rockburst adaptation: The large contact area of ​​the outer flange plate increases the connection strength with the outer shield shell, directly bearing the impact load of high-intensity rockbursts (impact pressure ≥10MPa), avoiding tearing at the weld points between the outer flange plate and the outer shield shell. Improved overall load-bearing capacity: When the contact areas are equal, the outer flange plate and the inner flange plate form a "symmetrical force," and the radial and axial load-bearing capacity of the shield is superior to that of an asymmetrical structure, making it suitable for deep high-stress tunnels (burial depth >1000m). Enhanced structural stability: The large contact area reduces local deformation of the outer flange plate, avoiding shield distortion caused by uneven stress on the outer shield shell.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, the proposed anti-rockburst shield incorporates several inclined longitudinal stiffening plate modules connected between the outer and inner shield shells. The ends of these modules are welded to the ends of adjacent modules and to the outer shield shell. The core feature of this technical solution is the welding of the ends of several inclined longitudinal stiffening plate modules to each other, and the welding of the ends to the outer shield shell. Beneficial effects include: Forming a ring-shaped force network: After the module ends are welded together, a closed ring-shaped support structure is formed along the circumference of the outer shield shell. The rockburst impact force can be evenly transmitted to the entire shield along this ring network, preventing local module overload damage. Increased circumferential stiffness: Traditional independent longitudinal stiffening plates have poor circumferential coordination, while this solution uses end welding to form a whole module, increasing the shield's circumferential deformation resistance by 25%, effectively resisting the "shield diameter reduction" caused by rockbursts. Optimized sealing performance: Welding the module ends to the outer shield shell seals the gaps between modules, preventing rockburst debris and dust from entering the cavity between the outer and inner shield shells, protecting the internal structure from erosion.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, as the technical solution for the anti-rockburst shield, the inner support structure of the inner shield shell is connected to an energy-absorbing limiting block. Beneficial effects: Secondary energy absorption protection: When the inclined longitudinal stiffening plate module is impacted, the remaining energy can be absorbed by the energy-absorbing limiting block, forming a dual protection of "module impact resistance + limiting block energy absorption," improving overall energy absorption efficiency by 30%. Limiting excessive deformation: The energy-absorbing limiting block has a rigid supporting function, limiting the maximum deformation of the inner shield shell to within 50mm, preventing the inner shield shell from deforming and squeezing the tunneling machine, protecting the safety of core equipment. Personnel safety assurance: After the deformation of the inner shield shell is limited, the working space inside the tunnel is stable, reducing the risk of personnel being squeezed or buried.

[0016] Based on the above technical solutions, the energy-absorbing limiting block is a honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting block as the technical solution for the rockburst-resistant shield. Beneficial effects: Optimal energy absorption efficiency: The porous nature of the honeycomb structure allows for the absorption of a large amount of impact energy through "pore wall collapse," achieving 2-3 times the energy absorption effect of a solid steel block for the same weight, thus achieving a balance between lightweight and high energy absorption. Controllable deformation: The orderly arrangement of the honeycomb pores allows the energy-absorbing limiting block to deform along a preset direction, avoiding localized bulging of the inner shield shell caused by disordered deformation and ensuring a stable deformation process. Good fatigue resistance: The honeycomb structure has a uniform stress distribution, making it less prone to cracking after repeated small-amplitude impacts, and its service life is more than 1.5 times that of traditional energy-absorbing materials.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, as the technical solution for the anti-rockburst shield, the energy-absorbing limiting block includes a limiting block body, which has several honeycomb holes, round holes, elliptical holes, or waist-shaped holes. Beneficial effects: Strong scene adaptability: Different hole types correspond to different energy absorption characteristics (e.g., round holes absorb energy uniformly, waist-shaped holes have superior axial energy absorption). The hole type can be selected according to the "impact energy-impact direction" characteristics of tunnel rockbursts. For example, if axial impact is the main factor, waist-shaped holes are selected, resulting in a high degree of customization. Flexible processing: Round holes and elliptical holes can be processed by drilling, while honeycomb holes can be formed by stamping, adapting to different production process requirements and reducing processing difficulty. Controllable cost: The hole type can be selected according to the rockburst intensity (e.g., round holes are selected for low-intensity rockbursts, resulting in low processing costs; honeycomb holes are selected for high-intensity rockbursts, resulting in superior energy absorption); achieving a balance between "performance and cost".

[0018] A tunneling machine includes a main tunneling unit, which is housed within the rockburst-resistant shield described in any of the above-mentioned technical solutions. Beneficial effects: Integrated rockburst resistance: The tunneling machine has its own integrated rockburst-resistant shield, eliminating the need for additional protective devices before construction, shortening preparation time by 5-7 days, and solving the cumbersome problem of traditional tunneling machines requiring external support. Improved operational continuity: The shield's rapid maintenance features, such as modular bolt connections and easy replacement of limit blocks, allow the tunneling machine to quickly resume operation after encountering a rockburst, increasing equipment utilization by 20%. Superior engineering economy: The integrated design reduces the procurement and installation costs of external protective equipment, while also reducing losses due to equipment maintenance and construction delays caused by rockbursts, lowering the construction cost per kilometer of tunnel by 15%-20%.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the technical solution provided by this utility model changes the structural form of traditional shields. The rockburst-resistant shield provided by this utility model can significantly shorten the shield body processing and manufacturing cycle during the manufacturing process, and can effectively resist rockburst impacts during construction, solving the problem of insufficient rockburst resistance of traditional shields, and achieving the effect of shields remaining intact under small and medium-sized rockbursts and rapid shield replacement under large rockbursts.

[0020] To further demonstrate the beneficial effect of the technical solution provided by this utility model in significantly improving the rockburst resistance of the top shield, a finite element simulation comparison was conducted on the rockburst resistance capabilities of traditional shields and this shield. Figure 6 and Figure 7 It is known that the maximum deformation of a traditional shield is 138mm, while the maximum deformation of the shield of this invention is 116mm, resulting in an approximately 16% increase in shield stiffness compared to the traditional design. Compared to traditional shields, the number of welds in this invention's shield is reduced by 25%. Figure 8 and Figure 9 It can be seen that the maximum equivalent plastic strain of the traditional shield body is 0.394, while the maximum equivalent plastic strain of the shield body of this utility model is 0.257. The shield body strength is increased by 35% compared with the traditional shield body scheme, and the shield body's resistance to rock bursts is significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top shield of the rockburst-resistant shield for this utility model patent.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the top shield of the rockburst-resistant shield for this utility model patent.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module for the rockburst-resistant shield of this utility model patent.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a top view of the honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing and limiting block of the rockburst-resistant shield, which is part of this utility model patent.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the anti-rockburst shield of this utility model patent: inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module;

[0027] Figure 6 This represents the maximum deformation of a traditional shield under rockburst impact.

[0028] Figure 7 This represents the maximum deformation of the shield of this utility model under rockburst impact;

[0029] Figure 8 The maximum equivalent plastic strain of a traditional shield under rockburst impact;

[0030] Figure 9This represents the maximum equivalent plastic strain of the shield under rockburst impact.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a shield structure disclosed in the prior art.

[0032] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0033] 1. Outer shield shell, 2. Inner shield shell, 3. Inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module, 4. Honeycomb energy-absorbing limiting block, 5. Bolts;

[0034] 3-1 Web plate, 3-2 Inner flange plate, 3-3 Outer flange plate;

[0035] 4-1 Honeycomb holes, 4-2 Limiting block body. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the core concept of the present utility model and the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0037] These embodiments are provided to make the application thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​illustrated in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "several" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but within the permissible margin of error. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but within the permissible margin of error. Terms such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well.

[0040] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application depending on the specific circumstances. When a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device.

[0041] All terms used in this application have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0042] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0043] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes an anti-rockburst shield. This shield significantly shortens the shield body manufacturing cycle during production and effectively resists rockburst impacts during construction, solving the problem of insufficient rockburst resistance of traditional shields. It achieves the effect of shield remaining intact under small to medium-sized rockbursts and rapid shield replacement under large rockbursts.

[0044] The core technical concept of this utility model is as follows:

[0045] One objective of this invention is to provide an anti-rockburst shield.

[0046] To achieve the above objectives, the shield of this utility model comprises: an outer shield shell that directly contacts and bears the pressure of the surrounding rock and is the outermost protective structure of the shield; an inner shield shell that provides support and a mounting base for internal equipment; inclined longitudinal stiffening plates that adopt a modular structure and connect the inner and outer shield shells along the longitudinal direction of the shield to ensure the stability of the overall shield structure; and honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting blocks located at the bottom of the shield to limit the displacement of the shield and at the same time absorb rockburst energy.

[0047] As described above, this utility model's anti-rockburst shield improves upon traditional longitudinal stiffeners by replacing them with diagonal longitudinal stiffeners, significantly enhancing the shield's overall rockburst resistance. Furthermore, the diagonal longitudinal stiffeners are manufactured using a modular, batch processing method, which significantly reduces the number of welds and drastically shortens the shield's manufacturing cycle. Additionally, the diagonal longitudinal stiffeners are welded to the outer shield shell externally and bolted to the inner shield shell internally, enabling rapid replacement of the outer shield shell after damage. The honeycomb-shaped limiting blocks at the bottom of the shield ensure rapid absorption of rockburst energy during an attack, reducing the impact of the rockburst on the main drive structure.

[0048] Therefore, according to this utility model, the structural form and processing technology of traditional shields have been changed. The rockburst-resistant shield of this utility model can significantly shorten the shield body processing and manufacturing cycle during the manufacturing process, and can effectively resist rockburst impacts during construction, solving the problem of insufficient rockburst resistance of traditional shields, and achieving the effect of shields remaining intact under small and medium-sized rockbursts and shields being quickly replaced under large rockbursts.

[0049] Key Invention Point 1: The inner and outer shield shells are connected by inclined longitudinal stiffening plates, which can significantly improve the shield's ability to resist rockbursts compared to traditional longitudinal stiffening plates.

[0050] Key Invention Point 2: The inclined longitudinal stiffening plate is manufactured using a modular batch processing method, which can significantly reduce the number of welds and greatly shorten the processing and manufacturing cycle of the shield body, thereby accelerating the overall progress of the project.

[0051] Key Invention Point 3: The inclined longitudinal stiffening plate is fixed to the outer shield shell by welding and to the inner shield shell by bolts. When the outer shield shell is severely damaged by a high-intensity rockburst, the bolts can be removed, and the outer shield shell and the inclined longitudinal stiffening plate can be removed and replaced together.

[0052] Core Invention Point 4: The limiting block at the bottom of the shield is designed with a honeycomb structure, which can effectively reduce the impact of the top shield on the main drive box caused by rockburst, and reduce the impact of rockburst on the main drive structure.

[0053] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0054] A rockburst-resistant shield and tunneling machine, such as Figure 1 , Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the shield includes an outer shield shell 1 and an inner shield shell 2, which are connected by an inclined longitudinal stiffening plate module 3. The inclined longitudinal stiffening plate module 3 has a wavy cross-section. The core feature of this embodiment is that the outer shield shell and the inner shield shell are connected by an inclined longitudinal stiffening plate module with a wavy cross-section; at the same time, this shield can be used for various types of tunneling machines.

[0055] It should be noted that in this embodiment, there are multiple options for the connection between the inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module 3 and the outer shield shell 1 and the inner shield shell 2, such as welding, riveting, bolting, etc. As for the specific materials of the outer shield shell 1, the inner shield shell 2, and the inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module 3, there are also multiple options, such as the same as the traditional shield material, or other materials suitable for practical use in the existing technology.

[0056] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0057] Significantly improved impact resistance: The wave-shaped inclined longitudinal stiffener module disperses the rockburst impact force through its "crest-trough" curved surface structure, avoiding localized stress concentration as seen in traditional straight longitudinal stiffeners. Finite element simulation shows that the maximum deformation of the shield body is reduced from the traditional 138mm to 116mm, with stiffness increased by approximately 16%, effectively resisting small to medium-sized rockburst impacts. The maximum equivalent plastic strain of the traditional shield body is 0.394, while the maximum equivalent plastic strain of this new shield body is 0.257, resulting in a 35% increase in shield strength compared to traditional shield body designs, and a significant improvement in the shield's resistance to rockbursts.

[0058] Manufacturing efficiency optimization: The modular design of the inclined longitudinal stiffener plate module replaces the traditional integral welded structure of "outer shield shell - inner shield shell - straight longitudinal stiffener plate", reducing the number of welds by 25% and shortening the manufacturing cycle by more than 30%.

[0059] Improved maintenance convenience: The modular structure facilitates partial disassembly and replacement, solving the problem of "requiring overall repair after damage" in traditional all-welded shields, enabling "rapid replacement under large rockbursts" and reducing equipment downtime.

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the inclined longitudinal stiffener module 3 includes an outer flange plate 3-3 located at the crest of the wave and an inner flange plate 3-2 located at the trough of the wave. An inclined web plate 3-1 connects the outer flange plate 3-3 and the inner flange plate 3-2. The core feature of this embodiment is that the inclined longitudinal stiffener module includes an outer flange plate at the crest of the wave and an inner flange plate at the trough of the wave, with an inclined web plate between them.

[0061] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0062] More rational force transmission: The “outer flange plate (crest) - inclined web plate - inner flange plate (trough)” form a triangular stable force system. When the rockburst impact force is transmitted from the outer shield shell to the inclined web plate through the outer flange plate, it can be dispersed along the inclined surface of the web plate to the inner flange plate and the inner shield shell, improving the stress dispersion efficiency by 40%.

[0063] Controllable structural strength: By adjusting the inclination angle (e.g., 30°-60°) and thickness of the web, it can be adapted to rockburst scenarios of different intensities. For low-to-medium intensity rockbursts, choose a thin web with a small angle, and for high intensity rockbursts, choose a thick web with a large angle, making it more adaptable.

[0064] Modular production basis: The clear "flange plate + web plate" structure facilitates standardized prefabrication in the factory, and the module accuracy error can be controlled within ±2mm, ensuring the quality of on-site assembly.

[0065] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the outer flange plate 3-3 is welded to the outer shield shell 1, and the inner flange plate 3-2 is detachably connected to the inner shield shell 2 by bolts 5.

[0066] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0067] External impact resistance + internal easy maintenance: Welding the outer flange plate to the outer shield shell ensures the rigidity of the external connection and resists the direct impact of rock bursts; the bolted connection between the inner flange plate and the inner shield shell enables "inner detachability". When the module is damaged, there is no need to cut the outer shield shell. The module can be replaced simply by removing the bolts, reducing the maintenance time to 1 / 5 of that of traditional welded structures.

[0068] Balanced reliability of connections: Welding avoids gaps between the outer shield and the module, preventing rockburst debris from intruding; bolted connections solve the problem of "stress cracks caused by thermal deformation" in traditional all-welded structures, extending the service life of the shield.

[0069] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the contact area between the outer flange plate 3-3 and the outer shield shell 1 is smaller than the contact area between the inner flange plate 3-2 and the inner shield shell 2.

[0070] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0071] Lightweight design: The small contact area of ​​the outer flange plate reduces the amount of material used on the outer shield shell, reducing the overall weight of the shield by 10%-15% and alleviating the load on the tunneling machine.

[0072] Medium and low intensity rockburst adaptation: In medium and low intensity rockburst scenarios, the smaller outer contact area can meet the impact force transmission requirements, while the large contact area of ​​the inner flange plate ensures the stability of the inner shield, taking into account both "lightweight" and "reliability".

[0073] Cost savings: Reducing the amount of material used in the outer wing plates lowers the manufacturing cost of a single shield by 8%-12%.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 5As shown, the contact area between the outer flange plate 3-3 and the outer shield shell 1 is greater than or equal to the contact area between the inner flange plate 3-2 and the inner shield shell 2.

[0075] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0076] High-intensity rockburst adaptation: The large contact area of ​​the outer flange plate can increase the connection strength with the outer shield shell, directly withstand the impact load of high-intensity rockburst (impact pressure ≥10MPa), and avoid tearing at the welding point between the outer flange plate and the outer shield shell.

[0077] Overall load-bearing capacity improvement: When the contact area is equal, the outer flange and the inner flange form a “symmetrical force”, and the radial and axial load-bearing capacity of the shield is better than that of the asymmetrical structure, which is suitable for deep high ground stress tunnels (burial depth > 1000m).

[0078] Enhanced structural stability: The large contact area reduces local deformation of the outer flange plate and avoids shield distortion caused by uneven stress on the outer shield shell.

[0079] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a plurality of inclined longitudinal stiffener plate modules 3 are connected between the outer shield shell 1 and the inner shield shell 2. The ends 3-4 of the inclined longitudinal stiffener plate modules 3 are welded to the ends 3-4 of adjacent inclined longitudinal stiffener plate modules 3 and to the outer shield shell 1. The core feature of this embodiment is that the ends of the plurality of inclined longitudinal stiffener plate modules are welded to each other and to the outer shield shell.

[0080] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0081] Forming a ring-shaped force network: After the module ends are welded together, a closed ring-shaped support structure is formed along the circumference of the outer shield shell. The rockburst impact force can be evenly transmitted to the entire shield along the ring network, avoiding local module overload damage.

[0082] Improved circumferential stiffness: Traditional independent longitudinal stiffeners have poor circumferential coordination, while this solution uses end welding to form the modules into a whole, which improves the shield's circumferential deformation resistance by 25% and effectively resists the "shield diameter reduction" caused by rock bursts.

[0083] Optimized sealing performance: Welding the module ends to the outer shield can seal the gaps between the modules, preventing rockburst debris and dust from entering the cavity between the outer and inner shields, and protecting the internal structure from erosion.

[0084] Based on the above embodiments, as an example of the rockburst-resistant shield, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the inner support structure of the inner shield shell 2 is connected to an energy-absorbing limiting block.

[0085] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0086] Secondary energy absorption protection: When the inclined longitudinal stiffener module is subjected to impact, the remaining energy can be absorbed by the energy-absorbing limit block, forming a dual protection of "module impact resistance + limit block energy absorption", which improves the overall energy absorption efficiency by 30%.

[0087] Limiting excessive deformation: The energy-absorbing limit block has a rigid support function, which can limit the maximum deformation of the inner shield shell to within 50mm, preventing the inner shield shell from deforming and squeezing the tunneling host, and protecting the safety of core equipment.

[0088] Personnel safety assurance: After the deformation of the inner shield is restricted, the working space inside the tunnel is stable, reducing the risk of personnel being squeezed or buried.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, as an embodiment of the rockburst-resistant shield, the energy-absorbing limiting block is a honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting block 4.

[0090] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0091] Optimal energy absorption efficiency: The porous nature of the honeycomb structure can absorb a large amount of impact energy through "pore wall collapse". The energy absorption effect of the same weight is 2-3 times that of solid steel blocks, achieving the unity of "lightweight + high energy absorption".

[0092] Controllable deformation: The orderly arrangement of the honeycomb holes causes the energy-absorbing limiting block to deform along the preset direction, avoiding local bulging of the inner shield shell caused by disordered deformation and ensuring the stability of the deformation process.

[0093] Excellent fatigue resistance: The honeycomb structure has a uniform stress distribution and is not prone to cracking after repeated small-amplitude impacts. Its service life is more than 1.5 times that of traditional energy-absorbing materials.

[0094] Based on the above embodiments, as an embodiment of the rockburst-resistant shield, the energy-absorbing limiting block includes a limiting block body 4-2, and the limiting block body 4-2 is provided with a plurality of honeycomb holes 4-1 or round holes or elliptical holes or waist-shaped holes.

[0095] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0096] High adaptability to different scenarios: different hole types correspond to different energy absorption characteristics. For example, round holes have uniform energy absorption, while waist-shaped holes have better axial energy absorption. The hole type can be selected according to the "impact energy-impact direction" characteristics of tunnel rockburst. For example, waist-shaped holes are selected for axial impact. The degree of customization is high.

[0097] Flexible processing: round holes and oval holes can be processed by drilling, and honeycomb holes can be formed by stamping, adapting to different production process requirements and reducing processing difficulty.

[0098] Controllable cost: Select the hole type according to the rockburst intensity. For example, choose round holes for low-intensity rockbursts, which have low processing costs; choose honeycomb holes for high-intensity rockbursts, which have better energy absorption; thus achieving a balance between performance and cost.

[0099] As a preferred embodiment of the aforementioned rockburst-resistant shield, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown:

[0100] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anti-rockburst shield: The top shield has an inclined longitudinal stiffener module 3 positioned between the outer shield shell 1 and the inner shield shell 2, which can collectively resist rockburst impacts. A honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting block 4 is located at the bottom of the top shield to absorb rockburst energy.

[0101] Figure 2 This is a detailed schematic diagram of a rockburst-resistant shield: the top shield module 3 is welded to the outer shield shell 1 externally and bolted to the inner shield shell 2 internally. This significantly improves the top shield's ability to resist rockbursts.

[0102] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a rockburst-resistant shield with a sloping longitudinal stiffener module. In the middle section, the inner flange plate 3-2 is connected to the inner side of the web plate 3-1, and the outer flange plate 3-3 is connected to the outer side. At the edge, the inner flange plate 3-2 is connected to the inner side of the web plate 3-1, and the end plate 3-4 is connected to the outer side. The sloping longitudinal stiffener module 3 is manufactured in batches at a factory. During the shield body manufacturing process, the outer flange plate 3-3 is welded to the outer shield shell 1, and the inner flange plate 3-2 is bolted to the inner shield shell 2. The end plate 3-4 is welded to the end plate 3-4 of another sloping longitudinal stiffener module 3 connected to it, and simultaneously welded to the outer shield shell 1. This significantly improves the shield body manufacturing speed. Furthermore, if the shield is severely damaged by a strong rockburst impact, the bolts can be removed, and the outer shield shell 1 and the sloping longitudinal stiffener module 3 can be disassembled and replaced together.

[0103] It should be noted that the manufacturing method of the inclined longitudinal stiffening plate is not limited to welding or partial block assembly; it can be manufactured through a one-time forming process according to the actual shield size.

[0104] Figure 4 A top view of a honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting block for rockburst protection: The limiting block body 4-2 has several honeycomb holes 4-1 inside, which can significantly absorb the energy generated by rockburst.

[0105] like Figure 5 As shown, the outer flange plate 3-3 is not limited to the above embodiment. The contact area between the outer flange plate 3-3 and the outer shield shell 1 can be increased according to the actual welding and processing requirements.

[0106] A tunneling machine includes a tunneling host, which is disposed inside the rockburst-resistant shield described in any of the above embodiments.

[0107] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0108] Integrated rockburst resistance: The tunneling machine comes with a built-in rockburst protection shield, eliminating the need for additional protective devices before construction. This reduces construction preparation time by 5-7 days and solves the cumbersome problem of traditional tunneling machines requiring external support.

[0109] Improved operational continuity: The rapid maintenance features of the shield, such as modular bolt connections and easy replacement of limit blocks, enable the tunneling machine to quickly resume operations after encountering rock bursts, increasing equipment utilization by 20%.

[0110] Excellent engineering economics: Integrated design reduces the procurement and installation costs of external protective equipment, while also reducing losses due to equipment maintenance and construction delays caused by rock bursts, reducing the construction cost per kilometer of tunnel by 15%-20%.

[0111] Any aspects of this utility model that are not detailed herein are conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

[0112] The above content shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and beneficial effects of this utility model. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit it. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rockburst-resistant shield, comprising an outer shield shell (1) and an inner shield shell (2), characterized in that: The outer shield shell (1) and the inner shield shell (2) are connected by a diagonal longitudinal stiffener module (3), and the cross section of the diagonal longitudinal stiffener module (3) is wavy.

2. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined longitudinal stiffener module (3) includes an outer flange plate (3-3) located at the crest of the wave and an inner flange plate (3-2) located at the trough of the wave. Between the outer flange plate (3-3) and the inner flange plate (3-2) is an inclined web plate (3-1).

3. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer flange plate (3-3) is welded to the outer shield shell (1), and the inner flange plate (3-2) is bolted to the inner shield shell (2).

4. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The contact area between the outer flange plate (3-3) and the outer shield shell (1) is smaller than the contact area between the inner flange plate (3-2) and the inner shield shell (2).

5. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The contact area between the outer flange (3-3) and the outer shield (1) is greater than or equal to the contact area between the inner flange (3-2) and the inner shield (2).

6. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 4, characterized in that: A number of inclined longitudinal stiffener modules (3) are connected between the outer shield shell (1) and the inner shield shell (2). The ends (3-4) of the inclined longitudinal stiffener modules (3) are welded to the ends (3-4) of the adjacent inclined longitudinal stiffener modules (3) and to the outer shield shell (1).

7. The rockburst-resistant shield according to any one of claims 1-3 and 6, characterized in that: The inner shield shell (2) has an energy-absorbing limiting block connected to the inner support structure.

8. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing limiting block is a honeycomb-shaped energy-absorbing limiting block (4).

9. The rockburst-resistant shield according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy-absorbing limiting block includes a limiting block body (4-2), which has several honeycomb holes (4-1), round holes, elliptical holes, or waist-shaped holes.

10. A tunneling machine, comprising a tunneling main unit, characterized in that: The tunneling machine is installed inside the rockburst-resistant shield as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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