Soft rock railway tunnel yielding device and tunnel structure for sulfate corrosion environment

Abstract

The utility model relates to soft rock tunnel supporting technical field discloses a kind of soft rock railway tunnel yielding device and tunnel structure in sulphate corrosion environment for sulphate corrosion environment and train long-term vibration load effect environment, comprising: connecting assembly, for combined connection with rigid support to form closed support structure;Cylindrical support, it is arranged in connecting assembly and is connected with connecting assembly by barrel side wall;Inclined strut assembly, it is arranged in the cavity of cylindrical support to support on the superposition part of cylindrical support and connecting assembly. With the support system of the soft rock railway tunnel yielding device in sulphate corrosion environment for sulphate corrosion environment, under the condition of timely strong support control surrounding rock deformation, reduce loose circle range, keep constant bearing capacity, a certain displacement is generated to release part of surrounding rock pressure, to give full play to the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock, optimize support stress, improve the corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, long-term stability of support structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soft rock tunnel support technology, and in particular, to a pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments. Furthermore, this utility model also relates to a tunnel structure including the aforementioned pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments. Background Technology

[0002] Deep-buried soft rock tunnel projects often face the problem of large deformation of the surrounding rock caused by the coupling effect of high ground stress and weak, fractured surrounding rock. Traditional support structures (such as rigid steel arches and shotcrete) are prone to cracking of the primary support and secondary lining concrete and torsional failure of the steel arches when subjected to high ground stress, seriously affecting structural safety. Studies have shown that the peak stress of the support structure during the large deformation stage of soft rock tunnels can reach 2-3 times that of conventional designs. However, existing support systems lack active pressure relief functions and are unable to adapt to such nonlinear deformation requirements, making it urgent to develop pressure relief devices with controllable deformation capabilities.

[0003] In addition, the vibration load generated by the long-term operation of the train can cause fatigue damage to the support structure, exacerbating the risk of cracking in the primary support and secondary lining.

[0004] In summary, under the combined effects of sulfate corrosion and train vibration loads, the support structure of deeply buried soft rock tunnels faces problems such as stress concentration cracking, material strength deterioration, and fatigue damage accumulation. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a pressure-relieving device and tunnel structure for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments. The support system equipped with this pressure-relieving device, under the conditions of timely and strong support to control surrounding rock deformation, reduce the loosening zone, and maintain constant bearing capacity, generates a certain amount of displacement to release some of the surrounding rock pressure. This fully utilizes the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, optimizes the support stress, and improves the fatigue resistance and long-term stability of the support structure. It addresses the technical problems of stress concentration cracking, material strength deterioration, and fatigue damage accumulation faced by existing deep-buried soft rock tunnels under the combined effects of sulfate corrosion and train vibration loads.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments is provided, which is used in sulfate corrosive environments and environments subjected to long-term train vibration loads. The device includes: a connecting assembly for connecting with a rigid support to form a closed support structure; a cylindrical support member disposed within the connecting assembly and connected to the connecting assembly through the side wall of the cylinder; and a diagonal bracing assembly disposed within the cavity of the cylindrical support member to support the overlapping portion of the cylindrical support member and the connecting assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the connecting assembly includes two connecting plates, which are spaced apart; a cylindrical support is located between the two connecting plates, and the two sides of the cylindrical support are respectively connected to the corresponding connecting plates.

[0008] Furthermore, the cylindrical support includes symmetrically arranged arc-shaped plates and symmetrically arranged flat plates, which together form a cylindrical shape; the cylindrical support is connected to the connecting plate through the flat plate.

[0009] Furthermore, at least one of the connecting plate, the curved plate, and the flat plate has a thickness of 10 mm to 16 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the diagonal bracing assembly includes a first inclined plate and a second inclined plate, which are spaced apart in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member, and the first inclined plate and the second inclined plate intersect in an X-shape in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels also includes a buffer pad, which is placed between adjacent first and second inclined plates, and the thickness direction of the buffer pad matches the connection direction of the connecting components; both sides of the buffer pad are respectively attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical support.

[0012] Furthermore, the cushioning pad is made of rubber-metal.

[0013] Furthermore, at least one of the connecting components, the cylindrical support, and the diagonal brace components has a corrosion-resistant layer attached to its surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting assembly is provided with multiple cylindrical support members, which are arranged at equal intervals.

[0015] Furthermore, the connection assembly includes elastic damping pads for being positioned toward the anchor head to reduce stress concentration caused by train vibrations.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a tunnel structure is also provided, including the aforementioned pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments.

[0017] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention relates to a pressure-relieving device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments. The connecting components and rigid supports form a closed bearing ring, providing high-strength initial support and effectively controlling the expansion of the loosened rock zone. The cylindrical support achieves controllable plastic deformation through its sidewalls, actively releasing ground stress when the surrounding rock pressure exceeds limits, reducing the stress concentration factor of the support structure and preventing brittle cracking. The inclined bracing component dissipates train vibration energy through elastic deformation, inhibiting fatigue crack initiation. The combination of the connecting components, cylindrical support, and inclined bracing component forms a three-stage force transmission path: "rigid connection → plastic cylinder → elastic inclined bracing." In the normal stage, the connecting components and cylindrical support dominate the load-bearing capacity. In the high ground stress stage, the cylindrical support and inclined bracing component work together to dissipate energy through plastic deformation. In the vibration stage, the cylindrical support and inclined bracing component work together to dissipate energy elastically. Even with localized damage (such as buckling of the cylindrical support), the remaining structure can still maintain the design bearing capacity, significantly improving system redundancy. This provides a highly reliable solution for complex environments in deeply buried soft rock tunnels.

[0019] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, this utility model has other objectives, features, and advantages. The present utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model. The illustrative embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model and do not constitute an undue limitation of the utility model. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of a pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments, according to a preferred embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments, according to a preferred embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Legend:

[0024] 100. Connecting component; 101. Connecting plate; 200. Cylindrical support; 201. Arc plate; 202. Flat plate; 300. Diagonal brace assembly; 301. First inclined plate; 302. Second inclined plate; 400. Buffer pad. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0026] Figure 1This is a front view schematic diagram of a pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments, according to a preferred embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments, according to a preferred embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosion environments of this embodiment is used in sulfate corrosion environments and long-term train vibration load environments. It includes: a connecting component 100, which is used to connect with rigid support to form a closed support structure; a cylindrical support 200, which is arranged inside the connecting component 100 and connected to the connecting component 100 through the side wall of the cylinder; and a diagonal bracing component 300, which is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylindrical support 200 to support the overlapping part of the cylindrical support 200 and the connecting component 100. This invention relates to a pressure-relieving device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments. The connecting component 100 forms a closed bearing ring with the rigid support, providing initial high-strength support and effectively controlling the expansion of the loosened rock zone. The cylindrical support 200 achieves controllable plastic deformation through its sidewalls, actively releasing ground stress when the surrounding rock pressure exceeds limits, reducing the stress concentration factor of the support structure, and preventing brittle cracking. The inclined brace component 300 dissipates train vibration energy through elastic deformation, inhibiting the initiation of fatigue cracks. The connecting component 100, the cylindrical support 200, and the inclined brace component 300... The system is designed to form a three-stage force transmission path: rigid connection → plastic cylinder → elastic bracing. In the normal stage, the connecting component 100 and the cylindrical support 200 mainly bear the load. In the high ground stress stage, the cylindrical support 200 and the bracing component 300 work together to dissipate energy through plastic deformation. In the vibration stage, the cylindrical support 200 and the bracing component 300 work together to dissipate energy through elasticity. Even in the event of local damage (such as buckling of the cylindrical support 200), the design load-bearing capacity can still be maintained through the remaining structure, significantly improving the system redundancy. This provides a highly reliable solution for the complex environment of deep-buried soft rock tunnels.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting component 100 includes two connecting plates 101, which are arranged at intervals; the cylindrical support member 200 is located between the two connecting plates 101, and the two sides of the cylindrical support member 200 are respectively connected to the connecting plates 101 on the corresponding sides. Two spaced connecting plates 101 form a symmetrical force-bearing structure, allowing the cylindrical support 200 to evenly transmit the surrounding rock pressure on both sides, avoiding stress concentration caused by unilateral force. The split-type connecting plate 101 design allows for step-by-step installation in confined tunnel spaces, improving construction efficiency compared to an integral structure, and is particularly suitable for rapid support construction under complex geological conditions. The space between the two connecting plates 101 provides a precise deformation range for the cylindrical support 200, and different levels of ground stress conditions can be adapted by adjusting the spacing between the connecting plates 101. The combined structure of the double connecting plates 101 and the cylindrical support 200 can simultaneously resist vertical surrounding rock compression, horizontal shear force, and torsional loads. While ensuring the pressure relief function, it significantly improves the construction adaptability, multi-directional load-bearing reliability, and long-term durability of the support system.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the cylindrical support member 200 includes an arc-shaped plate 201 arranged symmetrically and a flat plate 202 arranged symmetrically. The arc-shaped plate 201 and the flat plate 202 enclose a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical support member 200 is connected to the connecting plate 101 through the flat plate 202. The curved plate 201 preferentially undergoes elastic deformation through its curvature radius design to absorb initial surrounding rock pressure. The flat plate 202, acting as a yield control unit, generates directional plastic deformation when the pressure exceeds the limit, achieving precise pressure relief. The alternating arrangement of the curved plate 201 and the flat plate 202 forms a wave-like force transmission path. The curved plate 201 converts concentrated stress into circumferential pressure, while the flat plate 202 uniformly transmits the load to the connecting plate 101 through surface contact. The curved surface structure of the curved plate 201 has a scattering effect on vibration waves, and the rigid connection between the flat plate 202 and the connecting plate 101 forms a vibration node, achieving high-frequency energy conversion through the diagonal bracing component 300. The planar structure of the flat plate 202 provides a precise positioning reference, and the symmetrical arrangement achieves self-balancing of the support force. Through the differentiated mechanical performance design of the curved plate 201 and the flat plate 202, while ensuring overall rigidity, the synergistic optimization of pressure relief deformation, vibration energy dissipation, and corrosion resistance is achieved, resulting in improved load-bearing efficiency compared to traditional cylindrical structures.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, at least one of the connecting plate 101, the arc-shaped plate 201, and the flat plate 202 has a thickness of 10 mm to 16 mm. A thickness of 10 mm to 12 mm is suitable for medium stress conditions (surrounding rock pressure ≤ 15 MPa). The arc-shaped plate 201 can preferentially undergo elastic deformation, and the flat plate 202 can produce controllable plastic yielding when the pressure exceeds the limit, achieving a yield displacement of 20 mm to 40 mm. A thickness of 12 mm to 16 mm is suitable for high ground stress environments (surrounding rock pressure ≥ 20 MPa), improving overall bending stiffness, delaying plastic deformation, ensuring initial stability of the support, while still retaining a yield capacity of 10 mm to 30 mm. A thickness of 10mm-16mm ensures sufficient bending stiffness of the structure under train vibration loads, preventing resonance damage. Simultaneously, the elastic deformation of the curved plate 201 dissipates vibration energy. A thickness of 10mm-16mm ensures the adhesion of the anti-corrosion coating (such as a 200μm-300μm epoxy coal tar coating), preventing peeling due to excessively thin steel plates and material waste due to excessive thickness. 10mm-16mm is the optimal thickness range, guaranteeing initial support stiffness, compressive deformation capacity, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance while also considering construction economy and maintainability. Exceeding this range can lead to structural performance imbalance and affect the long-term stability of the tunnel. When the thickness is less than 10 mm (too thin), the stiffness is insufficient, and excessive deformation is likely to occur in the initial support stage, leading to the expansion of the loosened zone of the surrounding rock. Under train vibration loads, high-frequency micro-vibrations are likely to occur, accelerating the propagation of fatigue cracks. Corrosion resistance decreases, and thin plates are prone to thinning due to corrosion, leading to rapid deterioration of structural strength. When the thickness is greater than 16 mm (too thick), the compressive strength is lost. Excessive steel plate thickness results in excessive rigidity, which cannot effectively release the pressure of the surrounding rock and may cause brittle cracking of the support structure. The amount of material used increases, but the improvement in load-bearing efficiency is limited. Welding excessively thick steel plates is prone to residual stress, increasing the risk of deformation and hindering rapid installation.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the diagonal bracing assembly 300 includes a first inclined plate 301 and a second inclined plate 302. The first inclined plate 301 and the second inclined plate 302 are spaced apart in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member 200, and the first inclined plate 301 and the second inclined plate 302 intersect in an X-shape in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member 200. The X-shaped intersecting structure forms a spatial truss system, providing support simultaneously in the tunnel's axial, circumferential, and radial dimensions; axially, it resists the longitudinal impact load generated by train vibration; circumferentially, it enhances the bending stiffness of the cylinder and increases the buckling critical load; radially, it constrains the radial deformation of the cylinder caused by the surrounding rock pressure. The intersection angle of the first inclined plate 301 and the second inclined plate 302 (intersection angle is 55°-65°) forms a double-node energy dissipation structure; low-frequency vibrations (5-15Hz) are absorbed by the elastic deformation of the inclined plates; high-frequency vibrations (20-50Hz) are dissipated by friction at the intersection nodes. The X-shaped structure exhibits progressive yielding during plastic deformation of the cylinder; initially, elastic supports maintain the structural integrity; during the yielding stage, controllable slippage occurs at the intersection nodes; in the ultimate state, the inclined plate buckles to form a plastic hinge, preventing sudden failure.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels also includes a buffer pad 400. The buffer pad 400 is arranged between adjacent first inclined plates 301 and second inclined plates 302, and the thickness direction of the buffer pad 400 matches the connection direction of the connecting component 100. Both sides of the buffer pad 400 are respectively attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical support 200. The buffer pad 400 forms a directional buffer channel consistent with the direction of the support force, so that the surrounding rock pressure is preferentially transmitted through the elastic deformation of the buffer pad 400, reducing the risk of stress concentration. It cooperates with the X-shaped inclined brace component 300 and the cylindrical support 200 to construct a three-dimensional energy dissipation system. Axially, it absorbs energy through compression deformation, radially, it dissipates vibration through interface friction, and circumferentially, it constrains the buckling deformation of the cylinder. In the elastic stage, it provides initial stiffness to maintain stability, and in the pressure-relief stage, it achieves controllable deformation through viscoplastic flow.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the buffer pad 400 is a rubber-metal buffer pad. Optionally, the rubber-metal buffer pad is a laminated structure formed by alternating rubber layers and metal layers. Optionally, the thickness of a single layer of the laminated structure is 4 mm to 6 mm.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, at least one of the connecting component 100, the cylindrical support 200, and the diagonal brace component 300 has a corrosion-resistant layer attached to its surface. This corrosion-resistant layer forms a continuous protective barrier, enabling the deep-buried tunnel support system to operate safely and sustainably in extreme environments. When the tunnel is located in sulfate formations (such as gypsum layers or saline formations) or in environments subject to groundwater erosion, the support materials (steel, concrete) are prone to sulfate corrosion, leading to strength degradation. Furthermore, the vibration loads generated by long-term train operation can cause fatigue damage to the support structure, exacerbating the risk of cracking in the primary support and secondary lining. Therefore, by attaching a corrosion-resistant layer to the surfaces of the connecting component 100, the cylindrical support 200, and the diagonal brace component 300, especially at the connection points between them, sulfate corrosion can be resisted. Optionally, the corrosion-resistant layer is an epoxy coal tar pitch spray coating.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting component 100 is provided with multiple cylindrical support members 200, which are arranged at equal intervals. The equal-interval layout forms a uniformly distributed load-bearing network, which disperses the surrounding rock pressure to each cylindrical support member 200, thereby reducing the local stress concentration factor. The deformation synergy effect of adjacent cylindrical support members 200 achieves continuous pressure relief. After a single cylindrical support member 200 yields, the adjacent units automatically fill in the gap, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the overall load-bearing capacity of the system. Each cylindrical support member 200 independently compresses and deforms, constituting radial energy dissipation. Through the rigid transmission of the connecting component 100, a distributed dissipation of vibration energy is formed, constituting lateral linkage. When a single cylindrical support member 200 fails, the spacing design ensures that the crack stops between adjacent units, thereby achieving damage control.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting assembly 100 includes an elastic damping pad for being positioned toward the anchor head to reduce stress concentration caused by train vibration.

[0037] The tunnel structure of this embodiment includes the aforementioned pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments.

[0038] In practice, a pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels suitable for sulfate corrosion environment and long-term train vibration load is provided. It adopts a Q235 steel substrate with a composite sulfate corrosion resistant coating and built-in buffer element to disperse train vibration stress.

[0039] The pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels includes a ring structure (cylindrical support 200) composed of a semi-circular steel pipe (arc plate 201) and a flat plate 202. There are two sets of ring structures. The ring structure has a built-in spatial X-shaped inclined plate (inclined plate assembly 300). The spatial X-shaped inclined plate includes six inclined plates (three first inclined plates 301 and three second inclined plates 302, with the first inclined plates 301 and the three second inclined plates 302 arranged alternately). A rubber-metal laminated buffer pad is added between the inclined plates inside the pressure relief device. The thickness of a single layer of the rubber-metal laminated buffer pad is 5mm. The thickness of the pressure relief device is slightly less than the thickness of the initial support. It uses a Q235 steel substrate sprayed with an epoxy coal tar coating. This device, together with anchor bolts, shotcrete, steel arch frames, etc., forms the initial support section.

[0040] Pressure relief devices for soft rock railway tunnels, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a ring structure is composed of 203mm × 12mm semicircular steel pipes and flat plate 202. The ring structure is arranged in two sets, with a plate thickness of 12mm. The thickness of the built-in spatial X-shaped diagonal bracing plate is 0.01m, with the width of the diagonal bracing plate in the middle area being 0.08m and the width of the diagonal bracing plates in the two side areas being 0.04m. A rubber-metal buffer pad is added to the gap in the middle of the spatial X-shaped diagonal bracing plate. The connecting component 100 is connected to the support structure by a combination of elastic damping pads set between the anchor head and the retaining ring, thereby reducing the stress concentration caused by train vibration. The thickness of the pressure relief device is slightly smaller than the thickness of the initial support (e.g., the thickness of the pressure relief device is 0.2m smaller than the thickness of the support structure). A 0.012m thick connecting plate 101 is set at the top and bottom. The length of the connecting plate 101 is 1.0m and the width is 0.2m.

[0041] Alternatively, the connecting component 100 can be connected to the support structure via a combination of elastic damping pads between the anchor head and the retaining ring. This can also be replaced by the connecting component 100 being embedded as a separate support member within the shotcrete of the initial support. During construction, studs or expansion bolts (with trays at the rear end of the bolts) can be driven into the surrounding rock through the holes in the cylindrical support 200 to provide fixation, after which shotcrete is applied to form the initial support. It is worth noting that, to prevent concrete from entering the interior of the cylindrical support 200 and the area between the two cylindrical supports 200 during shotcreting, wooden boards are added as molds on the back side and the upper and lower bottom surfaces (outer side of the connecting plate 101) of the pressure relief device in the soft rock railway tunnel during on-site construction. These boards seal the openings at both ends of the cylindrical support 200 and the area between the two cylindrical supports 200, thereby isolating the shotcrete.

[0042] The pressure relief device and tunnel structure for soft rock railway tunnels enable the support system equipped with the pressure relief device to generate a certain amount of displacement to release some of the surrounding rock pressure under the conditions of timely strong support to control the deformation of the surrounding rock, reduce the range of the loosening zone, and maintain constant bearing capacity. This allows the support system to fully utilize the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, optimize the support stress, and improve the fatigue resistance and long-term stability of the support structure, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0043] Any matters not covered in this utility model are common knowledge.

[0044] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0045] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments, characterized in that, include: A connecting component (100) is used to connect with a rigid support to form a closed support structure; A cylindrical support member (200) is disposed inside the connecting assembly (100) and connected to the connecting assembly (100) through the side wall of the cylinder; The diagonal bracing assembly (300) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylindrical support member (200) to support the overlapping part of the cylindrical support member (200) and the connecting assembly (100). The diagonal bracing assembly (300) includes a first inclined plate (301) and a second inclined plate (302). The first inclined plate (301) and the second inclined plate (302) are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member, and the first inclined plate (301) and the second inclined plate (302) are spatially intersecting in an X-shape in the axial direction of the cylindrical support member. The pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels also includes a buffer pad (400). The buffer pad (400) is arranged between adjacent first inclined plate (301) and second inclined plate (302), and the thickness direction of the buffer pad (400) matches the connection direction of the connecting component (100). The two sides of the buffer pad (400) are respectively attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical support (200). The buffer pad (400) is a rubber-metal buffer pad.

2. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting assembly (100) includes two connecting plates (101), which are arranged at intervals. The cylindrical support (200) is located between two connecting plates (101), and the cylindrical support (200) is connected to the corresponding connecting plates (101) on both sides.

3. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cylindrical support member (200) includes symmetrically arranged arc-shaped plates (201) and symmetrically arranged flat plates (202), which together form a cylindrical shape; The cylindrical support (200) is connected to the connecting plate (101) via a flat plate (202).

4. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness of at least one of the connecting plate (101), the arc plate (201), and the flat plate (202) is 10 mm to 16 mm.

5. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, At least one of the connecting assembly (100), the cylindrical support (200), and the diagonal brace assembly (300) has a corrosion-resistant layer attached to its surface.

6. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The connecting component (100) is provided with multiple cylindrical support members (200), which are arranged at equal intervals.

7. The pressure-relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The connection assembly (100) includes an elastic damping pad for being positioned toward the anchor head to reduce stress concentration caused by train vibration.

8. A tunnel structure, characterized in that, Includes the pressure relief device for soft rock railway tunnels in sulfate corrosive environments as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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