Anchoring and high-strength support composite support structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of anchor and high-strength support composite support structure, comprising: setting on the steel pipe concrete support of roadway inner wall, wall back filling layer and steel mesh, the steel pipe concrete support is circular, the steel pipe concrete support has multiple, and it is evenly arranged along the length direction of roadway;Adjacent The steel pipe concrete support between It is provided with The connecting rod;Wall back filling layer and steel mesh The side of steel pipe concrete support close to rock mass is set, wall back filling layer is set Between Steel mesh and steel pipe concrete support;The both sides and top of roadway are evenly provided with multiple self-drilling anchor rods.Solve the problem that traditional support structure absorbs the low deformation capacity of surrounding rock, local overload, age stress is prone to crack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of underground engineering support structure, specifically relating to a composite support structure of anchor injection and high-strength support. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to this utility model and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As mines enter deeper levels, the geological environment undergoes significant changes, exhibiting complex effects from the coupling of multiple fields, including high ground stress, intense mining activity, and strong rheological changes in the surrounding rock. Under these conditions, the stability of the surrounding rock in the roadways decreases sharply, with frequent and severe deformations and failures such as spalling, roof falls, and floor heaves, characterized by large deformations and prolonged durations. Traditional support methods, such as anchor-mesh-shotcrete support or single U-shaped steel supports, suffer from low support strength and insufficient toughness, failing to effectively control the continuous deformation of the deep surrounding rock and thus unable to meet the long-term stability requirements of deep roadways. This severely restricts the safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, high-strength prestressed anchor cables, due to their significant technical advantage of actively applying prestress, are gradually being adopted in coal mine roadway support. However, under complex geological conditions such as high stress, strong dynamic pressure, and extremely soft rock, they still suffer from poor support effectiveness and insufficient adaptability. While reinforced concrete arches are widely used in deep critical chamber support, they exhibit low resistance to surrounding rock deformation, localized overload, and a high susceptibility to cracking under stress within their curing period, thus affecting the overall bearing capacity and long-term stability of the arch. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a composite support structure combining anchor injection and high-strength brackets, which solves the issues of low resistance to surrounding rock deformation, local overload, and easy cracking under stress in traditional support structures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model provides a composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength supports, including: steel pipe concrete supports, a backfill layer, and a steel mesh installed on the inner wall of the roadway. The steel pipe concrete supports are circular, and there are multiple steel pipe concrete supports, which are evenly arranged along the length of the roadway. Connecting rods are provided between adjacent steel pipe concrete supports. The backfill layer and the steel mesh are located on the side of the steel pipe concrete supports closest to the rock mass, and the backfill layer is located between the steel mesh and the steel pipe concrete supports. Multiple anchor rods are evenly provided on both sides and the top of the roadway.

[0008] The steel pipe concrete support consists of arc-shaped steel pipes and sleeves. There are multiple arc-shaped steel pipes, and the sleeves are arranged between adjacent arc-shaped steel pipes.

[0009] As a further implementation, the steel-concrete composite support and the connecting rod are connected by high-strength bolts, and there are multiple connecting rods that are evenly arranged along the circumference of the steel-concrete composite support.

[0010] As a further implementation, anchor cables are evenly provided on both sides and top of the tunnel, with multiple anchor cables provided and the anchor cables and anchor rods arranged at intervals.

[0011] As a further implementation, the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the steel mesh, thereby fixing the steel mesh to the surrounding rock surface of the roadway.

[0012] As a further implementation, the anchor bolt consists of a drill bit, a hollow anchor bolt body, a washer plate, a nut, and a grout stopper. The drill bit is located at one end of the hollow anchor bolt body and has a grouting hole. The other end of the drill bit has a thread and is fitted with the nut. The washer plate and the grout stopper are located on the side of the nut near the drill bit, and the washer plate is adjacent to the nut.

[0013] As a further implementation, the bottom of the tunnel is paved with gangue or ballast.

[0014] As a further implementation, the backfill layer is filled with a flexible material.

[0015] As a further implementation, the flexible material may include aerated concrete, gangue, wood, or epoxy resin.

[0016] As a further implementation, the surface of the steel pipe concrete support tunnel is also sprayed with a concrete surface layer.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are:

[0018] This invention involves laying a steel mesh on the surface of the surrounding rock in the tunnel and initially spraying concrete to ensure the tunnel cross-section meets requirements. Self-drilling anchor bolts are used for surrounding rock reinforcement grouting. After grouting, a steel-concrete composite support is erected, and a circumferential backfill layer is laid behind the support wall. Through the composite design of self-drilling anchor bolt grouting, active reinforcement, compressible backfill layer, and high-strength support, a synergistic mechanism of "active reinforcement - flexible buffer - rigid support" is formed. The self-drilling anchor bolt grouting penetrates and reinforces the surrounding rock; the backfill layer absorbs the deformation energy of the surrounding rock through compressibility, releasing some of the pressure and alleviating the stress on the steel-concrete composite support; the steel-concrete composite support provides a rigid support framework, distributing the load and preventing local overload. This significantly improves the stability of the support system under complex geological conditions such as high-stress soft rock and fractured zones, effectively suppressing tunnel roof subsidence, sidewall convergence, and floor heave.

[0019] This invention utilizes the power of a specialized drilling rig to rotate an anchor rod with a drill bit, drilling into fractured rock. Simultaneously, a screw grouting machine injects cement grout or other grouting materials into the bottom of the borehole through the inner hole of the anchor rod and the grout outlet of the drill bit, filling the rock fissures. As the drilling depth increases, grout is continuously injected into the hole, filling the entire borehole and bonding with the surrounding rock and soil of the hollow anchor rod, ultimately forming an anchoring layer. Grouting improves the fractured surrounding rock; the formed grouting reinforcement zone improves the stability of the support; it not only strengthens the reinforcement effect of shallow fractured surrounding rock but also avoids local overload of the support through stress adjustment of the flexible layer, comprehensively improving the deformation resistance of the support system.

[0020] The wall backfill layer of this utility model is filled with a flexible material. The compressibility of the flexible material allows for the reasonable release of initial deformation energy, which weakens the stress concentration problem caused by abrupt changes in stiffness in traditional support. At the same time, the flexible material is closely attached to the surrounding rock, filling the irregular gaps between the support structure and the surrounding rock, ensuring that the support structure is uniformly stressed as a whole. It can effectively transfer the stress transmitted from the surrounding rock to the high-strength support structure evenly, thereby enhancing the structural stability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of this utility model. The illustrative embodiments of this utility model and their descriptions are used to explain this utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This utility model relates to a composite support structure of anchor injection and high-strength bracket.

[0024] Figure 3This is a structural diagram of the self-drilling anchor bolt of this utility model.

[0025] The components include: 1. Steel pipe concrete support; 2. Backfill layer; 3. Steel mesh; 4. Concrete; 5. Sleeve; 6. Gangue or ballast; 7. Self-drilling anchor; 8. Connecting rod; 9. Anchor cable; 10. Curved steel pipe; 11. Hollow anchor body; 12. Grout stop plug; 13. Drill bit; 14. Nut; 15. Washer plate; 16. Grouting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] This embodiment discloses a composite support structure of anchor injection and high-strength bracket, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, it includes: a steel pipe concrete support 1, a backfill layer 2, and a steel mesh 3 installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The steel pipe concrete support 1 is circular, and there are multiple steel pipe concrete supports 1, which are evenly arranged along the length of the tunnel. A connecting rod 8 is provided between adjacent steel pipe concrete supports 1. The backfill layer 2 and the steel mesh 3 are located on the side of the steel pipe concrete support 1 closest to the rock mass, and the backfill layer 2 is located between the steel mesh 3 and the steel pipe concrete support 1. Multiple self-drilling anchor bolts 7 are evenly provided on both sides and the top of the tunnel.

[0029] Specifically, a steel mesh 3 is laid on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and an initial shotcrete 4 surface layer is applied to ensure that the roadway cross-section meets the requirements. Surrounding rock reinforcement grouting is performed using self-drilling anchor bolts 7. After grouting, a steel pipe concrete support 1 is erected, and a circumferential backfill layer 2 is laid behind the steel pipe concrete support 1. Through the composite design of self-drilling anchor bolt 7 grouting, active reinforcement, compressible backfill layer 2, and high-strength support, a synergistic mechanism of "active reinforcement - flexible buffer - rigid support" is formed. The self-drilling anchor bolt grouting penetrates and reinforces the surrounding rock; the backfill layer 2 absorbs the deformation energy of the surrounding rock through compressibility, enhancing the support rigidity; the steel pipe concrete support 1 provides a rigid support framework, distributing the load and avoiding local overload; significantly improving the stability of the support system under complex geological conditions such as high-stress soft rock and fractured zones, effectively suppressing roadway roof subsidence, sidewall convergence, and floor heave.

[0030] The steel-concrete composite support 1 consists of multiple arc-shaped steel pipes 10 and sleeves 5. The sleeves 5 are arranged between adjacent arc-shaped steel pipes 10. The steel-concrete composite support 1 is quickly assembled using prefabricated components and works with connecting rods 8 to achieve uniform load transfer between supports, simplifying the on-site operation process. The steel-concrete composite support 1 and the connecting rods 8 are connected by welding. There are multiple connecting rods 8, which are evenly arranged along the circumference of the steel-concrete composite support 1. The steel-concrete composite support 1 and the connecting rods 8 provide a rigid support frame, distributing the load and avoiding local overload.

[0031] Anchor cables 9 are evenly provided on both sides and top of the tunnel. Multiple anchor cables 9 are provided, and the anchor cables 9 and self-drilling anchor rods 7 are arranged at intervals. The anchor cables 9 are fixedly connected to the steel mesh 3, which fixes the steel mesh 3 to the surrounding rock surface of the tunnel.

[0032] The self-drilling anchor bolt 7 consists of a drill bit 13, a hollow anchor bolt body 11, a pad 15, a nut 14, and a grout stopper 12. The drill bit 13 is located at one end of the hollow anchor bolt body 11 and has a grouting hole 16. The other end of the drill bit 13 is threaded and fitted with the nut 14. The pad 15 and the grout stopper 12 are located on the side of the nut 14 closest to the drill bit 13, and the pad 15 is adjacent to the nut 14. In actual use, the self-drilling anchor bolt 7 is driven by a dedicated drilling rig, causing the anchor bolt body with the drill bit 13 to rotate and drill. In the fractured rock mass, cement grout or other grouting materials are injected into the bottom of the borehole through the inner hole of the anchor body and the grout outlet of the drill bit 13 using a screw grouting machine, filling the rock fissures. As the drilling depth increases, grout is continuously injected into the hole, filling the entire borehole and bonding with the surrounding rock and soil of the hollow anchor body 11, ultimately forming anchoring force. Grouting improves the fractured surrounding rock; the formed grouting reinforcement zone can improve the stability of the support; it not only enhances the permeability reinforcement effect of shallow fractured surrounding rock, but also avoids local overload of the anchor through stress adjustment of the flexible layer, comprehensively improving the deformation resistance of the support system.

[0033] The bottom of the tunnel is paved with gangue or ballast to form a smooth road surface structure.

[0034] The backfill layer 2 is filled with flexible materials, such as aerated concrete, gangue, wood, or epoxy resin. The compressibility of the flexible materials allows for the reasonable release of initial deformation energy, which weakens the stress concentration problem caused by abrupt changes in stiffness in traditional support. At the same time, the flexible materials are closely bonded to the surrounding rock, filling the irregular gaps between the support structure and the surrounding rock, ensuring that the support structure is uniformly stressed as a whole. This effectively transfers the stress transmitted from the surrounding rock to the high-strength support structure, thereby enhancing the structural stability.

[0035] Concrete is also sprayed onto the surface of the steel pipe concrete support 1 tunnel, so that the steel pipe concrete support 1 and the backfill layer 2 form an integrated structure.

[0036] Composite support construction process

[0037] Step 1: First, widen and clean the tunnel, including widening the sides, raising the bottom, and lifting the roof, to ensure that the tunnel cross-section meets the usage requirements.

[0038] Step 2: Lay steel mesh 3. Lay steel mesh 3 on the surface of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, install anchor cables 7 to reinforce the deep surrounding rock, and spray concrete 4 to form a complete surface layer.

[0039] Step 3: For shallow surrounding rock, drill holes into the surrounding rock using specialized equipment and inspect it to assess the development characteristics of internal fractures, determine the drilling location, depth, and angle of the self-drilling anchor 7, and perform shallow surrounding rock grouting reinforcement.

[0040] Step 4: Erect steel pipe concrete support 1. Hoist the prefabricated steel pipe concrete support 1 section to the designated position, assemble and fix it to form the support structure for the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0041] Step 5: Fill the backfill layer 2 of the support wall. Fill the space between the steel pipe concrete support 1 and the surrounding rock with flexible material to ensure that the filling is dense and form a flexible buffer layer to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and absorb energy.

[0042] Step 6: Backfill the bottom slab with gangue or ballast.

[0043] By completing the above steps sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the overall construction of the composite support scheme can be completed.

[0044] Although the specific embodiments of the present utility model have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solution of the present utility model are still within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength brackets, characterized in that, include: The tunnel is equipped with a steel pipe concrete support, a backfill layer, and a reinforcing mesh installed on the inner wall. The steel pipe concrete support is circular, and there are multiple steel pipe concrete supports evenly distributed along the length of the tunnel. Connecting rods are installed between adjacent steel pipe concrete supports. The backfill layer and the reinforcing mesh are located on the side of the steel pipe concrete support closest to the rock mass, with the backfill layer located between the reinforcing mesh and the steel pipe concrete support. Multiple anchor bolts are evenly installed on both sides and the top of the tunnel.

2. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steel pipe concrete support consists of arc-shaped steel pipes and sleeves. There are multiple arc-shaped steel pipes, and the sleeves are arranged between adjacent arc-shaped steel pipes.

3. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The steel-concrete composite support and the connecting rods are connected by high-strength bolts. There are multiple connecting rods, which are evenly arranged along the circumference of the steel-concrete composite support.

4. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Anchor cables are evenly installed on both sides and top of the tunnel, and multiple anchor cables are installed, with the anchor cables and anchor rods arranged at intervals.

5. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The anchor cable is fixedly connected to the steel mesh, thereby fixing the steel mesh to the surrounding rock surface of the tunnel.

6. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The anchor rod consists of a drill bit, a hollow anchor rod body, a washer plate, a nut, and a grout stopper. The drill bit is located at one end of the hollow anchor rod body and has a grouting hole. The other end of the drill bit has a thread and is fitted with the nut. The washer plate and the grout stopper are located on the side of the nut near the drill bit, and the washer plate is adjacent to the nut.

7. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the tunnel is paved with gangue or ballast.

8. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The backfill layer is filled with a flexible material.

9. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The flexible material may be aerated concrete, gangue, wood, or epoxy resin.

10. The composite support structure of anchoring and high-strength bracket as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the steel pipe concrete support tunnel is also sprayed with a concrete surface layer.

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