An ultralow temperature gearbox

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of ultra-low temperature gearboxes, including the gear box main body of adopting composite structure design, inner layer is low-temperature-resistant alloy steel matrix, outer layer is the cladding layer of engineering plastics composite material composition;Intelligent preheating system, integrated in gear box main body inside, including heating element and temperature sensor;Multiple sealing structure, set in the joint surface of box and shaft export position;The gear box main body inside bottom is provided with oil return area, and the gear box main body outside oil return area is provided with integrally-formed inclined magnetic bar seat, magnetic bar is inserted and connected and installed in magnetic bar seat, and the adsorption section of magnetic bar is inserted into gear box main body inside and contacts with lubricating oil surface.The utility model built-in intelligent preheating system ensures that gear box is safely started under extreme low temperature environment, brittle fracture does not occur, multiple sealing mechanism effectively prevents lubricant leakage and external contaminant to enter, composite structure design is lighter compared with traditional all-metal structure, can be observed in the box body inside lubricating oil pollution situation, and iron magnetic metal abrasive is adsorbed by plug-in magnetic bar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of gearbox technology, and in particular to an ultra-low temperature gearbox. Background Technology

[0002] A gear is a mechanical transmission device formed by the meshing of multiple gear teeth. They are commonly used to change the speed, direction, and torque of rotational motion. A gear consists of a series of teeth evenly distributed along the circumference of the wheel. When two gears mesh, the teeth of one gear contact each other, transmitting power through the meshing. The size, shape, and number of teeth of a gear determine its transmission ratio and other characteristics. Gears are widely used in various mechanical equipment and systems, such as automotive gearboxes, industrial machinery, clocks, and motorcycles. In recent years, my country's rail transit industry has developed rapidly. Electric locomotives operate across vast geographical areas with significant latitudinal spans. Winter temperatures in cold regions can reach below -40°C. Based on considerations of locomotive operating speed and safety, the requirements for the low-temperature impact toughness of ductile iron gearboxes used in electric locomotives are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0003] There are two main types of gearboxes currently used in electric locomotives: welded gearboxes and cast aluminum gearboxes. Welded gearboxes are prone to deformation during welding and cracking due to stress. Cast aluminum gearboxes are expensive and prone to leakage due to poor casting, and are also susceptible to cracking under external forces. These problems are even more pronounced in low-temperature environments: traditional materials are prone to ductile-brittle transition at low temperatures, leading to gearbox cracking and failure. Although some low-temperature resistant gearbox designs exist, these designs still suffer from problems such as collar shrinkage and deformation, insufficient sealing performance, and cannot directly monitor the wear of gears inside the gearbox during operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, an ultra-low temperature gearbox is provided.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model discloses an ultra-low temperature gearbox, comprising:

[0006] The gearbox body adopts a composite structure design, with an inner layer of low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate and an outer layer of engineering plastic composite material coating layer.

[0007] The intelligent preheating system is integrated inside the gearbox body and includes heating elements and temperature sensors;

[0008] Multiple sealing structures are installed at the housing mating surfaces and shaft outlet positions;

[0009] The gearbox body has an oil return zone at the bottom inside. An integrally formed inclined magnetic rod seat is provided on the gearbox body outside the oil return zone. A magnetic rod is inserted into the magnetic rod seat, and the adsorption section of the magnetic rod extends into the gearbox body and contacts the lubricating oil surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the low-temperature resistant alloy steel matrix is ​​QT500-7A ductile iron, and the engineering plastic composite material is polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating element is a thin-film heating element, which is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the gearbox body. The intelligent preheating system also includes a temperature control unit. When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is below -30°C, the temperature control unit automatically starts the heating element to preheat, so that the internal temperature of the gearbox rises to above -20°C.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-seal structure includes a low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring disposed on the mating surface of the housing, a groove disposed on the inner side of the low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring, the groove being filled with an oil-resistant sealing strip, and a magnetohydrodynamic sealing device disposed at the shaft outlet position.

[0013] Furthermore, the mounting axis of the magnetic rod is at an angle of 30°±2° to the horizontal plane. The magnetic rod is an NdFeB permanent magnet with a surface magnetic field strength ≥0.5 T and is covered with a 0.3mm thick Teflon sleeve. The outer end face of the magnetic rod is provided with an external thread section, which is locked to the internal thread section of the magnetic rod seat by the thread.

[0014] Furthermore, transparent windows are embedded on the front and rear sides of the top of the gearbox body. The inner window of the transparent window is connected to the inner cavity of the gearbox body. The transparent window is made of polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 4 mm and a temperature resistance of ≥120 ℃. It is pressed and sealed with the gearbox body by M4 screws.

[0015] Furthermore, a magnetic abrasive sensor is embedded in the gearbox body at the bottom of the oil return zone to capture ferromagnetic abrasive particles in the lubricating oil in real time, and an axial displacement sensor is installed at the shaft outlet to detect the axial movement of the input shaft.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model discloses an ultra-low temperature gearbox with a built-in intelligent preheating system to ensure safe start-up of the gearbox in extreme low temperature environments without brittle fracture. The multiple sealing mechanisms effectively prevent lubricant leakage and the entry of external contaminants. The composite structure design reduces weight compared to the traditional all-metal structure. It allows for visual observation of contamination in the lubricating oil inside the gearbox and uses pluggable magnetic rods to adsorb ferromagnetic metal abrasive particles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2This is a top view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the mating surface of the gearbox body of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1 is the gearbox body; 11 is the coating layer; 12 is the low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate; 13 is the gearbox mating surface; 14 is the shaft outlet position; 15 is the oil return zone; 16 is the transparent window; 2 is the intelligent preheating system; 21 is the heating element; 22 is the temperature sensor; 3 is the multi-seal structure; 31 is the low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring; 32 is the oil-resistant sealing strip; 33 is the magnetic fluid sealing device; 4 is the magnetic rod holder; 41 is the magnetic rod; 5 is the magnetic abrasive sensor; 6 is the axial displacement sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] One embodiment of this utility model is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the gearbox body 1 is designed with a composite structure. The inner layer is a low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate 12, and the outer layer is a coating layer 11 composed of engineering plastic composite material. The thickness of the coating layer is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate. The low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate 12 is made of QT500-7A ductile iron with a wall thickness of 10mm. The engineering plastic composite material is a low-temperature resistant polymer material such as polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyarylate, liquid crystal polymer or fluoropolymer. This design ensures structural strength, reduces weight, and improves low-temperature resistance.

[0025] The gearbox body 1 has an oil return zone 1 at its inner bottom. An integrally formed inclined magnetic rod seat 4 is provided on the gearbox body 1 outside the oil return zone 15. A magnetic rod 41 is inserted into the magnetic rod seat 4. The adsorption section of the magnetic rod 41 extends into the gearbox body 1 and contacts the lubricating oil surface. The gearbox body uses a low-temperature resistant grease lubrication system, which maintains good lubrication performance in an environment of -60℃ and prevents leakage through a labyrinth seal structure.

[0026] The intelligent preheating system 2 is integrated inside the gearbox body 1 and includes a heating element 21 and a temperature sensor 22 connected to the control system. The heating element 21 is a thin-film heating plate that is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the gearbox body 1. The intelligent preheating system 2 also includes a temperature control unit. When the temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is below -30°C, the temperature control unit automatically starts the heating element to preheat, so that the internal temperature of the gearbox body 1 rises to above -20°C, thus realizing the function of automatic preheating according to the ambient temperature.

[0027] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the multi-seal structure 3 includes a low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring 31 disposed on the housing mating surface 13. The low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring 31 has a groove on its inner side, and the groove is filled with an oil-resistant sealing strip 32. A magnetic fluid sealing device 33 is disposed at the shaft outlet position 14. The principle of magnetic fluid sealing is to inject colloidal magnetic fluid containing nano-ferromagnetic particles into the gap between the rotating shaft and the pole shoe through the action of a magnetic field, forming a dynamic "liquid O-ring seal". The magnetic force is used to counteract the pressure difference to achieve a seal without mechanical contact. The single-stage pressure resistance can reach 0.15-0.2 atmospheres. Together with the mechanical seal of the oil-resistant sealing strip and the elastomeric seal of the silicone rubber sealing ring, it forms a multi-seal mechanism, which improves the sealing reliability in ultra-low temperature environments.

[0028] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the mounting axis of the magnetic rod 41 is at an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane. The magnetic rod 41 is an NdFeB permanent magnet with a surface magnetic field strength ≥0.5 T and is covered with a 0.3mm thick Teflon sleeve to prevent abrasive particles from sticking. The outer end face of the magnetic rod 41 is provided with an external thread section, which is locked to the internal thread section of the magnetic rod seat 4 by the thread, improving the connection stability and sealing. The magnetic rod can be pulled out for cleaning every 500 hours of operation to regularly remove the ferromagnetic abrasive particles accumulated around the magnetic abrasive sensor and prevent the magnetic abrasive sensor from saturating due to the accumulation of large particles.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, transparent windows 16 are embedded in the front and rear sides of the top of the gearbox body 1. The inner window of the transparent window 16 is connected to the inner cavity of the gearbox body 1, which facilitates observation of the abrasive accumulation inside the gearbox. The transparent window 16 is a polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 4 mm and a temperature resistance of ≥120 ℃. It is sealed to the gearbox body 1 by M4 screws.

[0030] like Figure 3As shown, a magnetic abrasive sensor 5 is embedded in the gearbox body 1 at the bottom of the oil return zone 15 to capture ferromagnetic abrasive particles in the lubricating oil in real time. The magnetic abrasive sensor is a planar inductive sensor, and its sensing surface is perpendicular to the flow direction of the lubricating oil. An axial displacement sensor 6 is installed on the side of the shaft outlet 14 near the shaft shoulder to detect the axial movement of the input shaft. The axial displacement sensor is an eddy current probe with a gap between it and the shaft shoulder. The magnetic abrasive sensor 5 and the axial displacement sensor 6 are electrically connected to the signal processing module installed on the outer wall of the gearbox body 1. An electrically isolated explosion-proof wiring cavity is provided on the outside of the signal processing module (not shown in the figure). The signal processing module includes an STM32L431 microcontroller and a 12-bit ADC with a sampling frequency ≥1 kHz. When the abrasive concentration is ≥150 ppm or the axial movement is ≥0.1 mm, an alarm signal is sent to a remote terminal through the wireless transmission module.

[0031] Several points need to be clarified: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and the relative positional relationships may change when the absolute position of the described objects changes. Second, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity from another entity, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0032] The examples above are merely illustrative of this utility model and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. All designs that are the same as or similar to this utility model are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A cryogenic gearbox, characterized in that, include The gearbox body (1) adopts a composite structure design, with an inner layer of low-temperature resistant alloy steel substrate (12) and an outer layer of engineering plastic composite material coating layer (11). The intelligent preheating system (2) is integrated inside the gearbox body (1) and includes a heating element (21) and a temperature sensor (22). A multi-seal structure (3) is provided at the housing joint surface and the shaft outlet position; The gearbox body (1) has an oil return area (15) at the bottom inside. An integrally formed inclined magnetic rod seat (4) is provided on the gearbox body (1) outside the oil return area (15). A magnetic rod (41) is inserted into the magnetic rod seat (4). The adsorption section of the magnetic rod (41) extends into the gearbox body (1) and contacts the lubricating oil surface.

2. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature resistant alloy steel matrix (12) is QT500-7A ductile iron, and the engineering plastic composite material is polyether ether ketone or polyphenylene sulfide.

3. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element (21) is a thin-film heating element, which is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the gearbox body (1). The intelligent preheating system (2) also includes a temperature control unit. When the temperature sensor (22) detects that the ambient temperature is below -30℃, the temperature control unit automatically starts the heating element to preheat, so that the internal temperature of the gearbox body (1) rises to above -20℃.

4. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-seal structure (3) includes a low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring (31) set on the housing joint surface (13), a groove is provided on the inner side of the low-temperature resistant silicone rubber sealing ring (31), and an oil-resistant sealing strip (32) is filled in the groove. A magnetic fluid sealing device (33) is provided at the shaft outlet position (14).

5. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting axis of the magnetic rod (41) is at an angle of 30°±2° with the horizontal plane. The magnetic rod (41) is an NdFeB permanent magnet with a surface magnetic field strength ≥0.5 T and a 0.3mm thick Teflon sleeve on its surface. The outer end face of the magnetic rod (41) is provided with an external thread section and is locked to the internal thread section of the magnetic rod seat (4) by the thread.

6. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, Transparent windows (16) are embedded in the front and rear sides of the top of the gearbox body (1). The inner window of the transparent window (16) is connected to the inner cavity of the gearbox body (1). The transparent window (16) is a polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 4 mm and a temperature resistance of ≥120 ℃. It is sealed with the gearbox body (1) by M4 screws.

7. A cryogenic gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, A magnetic abrasive sensor (5) is embedded in the gearbox body (1) at the bottom of the oil return zone (15) to capture ferromagnetic abrasive particles in the lubricating oil in real time. An axial displacement sensor (6) is installed on the side of the shaft outlet (14) near the shaft shoulder to detect the axial movement of the input shaft. The magnetic abrasive sensor (5) and the axial displacement sensor (6) are electrically connected to the signal processing module installed on the outer wall of the gearbox body (1).

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