A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydrogen storage equipment field discloses a kind of hydrogen storage tanks based on solid alloy, including hydrogen storage tank body, hydrogen storage tank body includes cylinder, several hydrogen storage units are provided in cylinder, hydrogen storage unit includes magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc and wrapping layer, wrapping layer is the flexible material for the wrapping plastic shaping of magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc four around and bottom and can provide heat transfer passage and radial direction hydrogen passage, wrapping layer is equipped with buffer layer, buffer layer is arranged between cylinder and wrapping layer, and there are several concave-convex wrinkles along circumferential inside and outside distribution.The setting of buffer layer outer peripheral wrinkle, utilize the gap of wrinkle and cylinder inner wall as hydrogen passage, eliminate the structure of gas guide pipe in original design, so that the structure of hydrogen storage tank is more simple, stress concentration caused by the increase of hydrogen charging and discharging cycle number can also be avoided, and the damage of gas guide pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This solution relates to the field of hydrogen storage equipment, specifically a hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless reducing gas with a wide range of applications, including industrial manufacturing, energy transition, transportation, electronics, metallurgy, agricultural innovation, and healthcare. Therefore, it is ubiquitous in research laboratories. Laboratory hydrogen cylinders are specially designed high-pressure containers, typically designed for pressures exceeding 20 MPa, used for storing and transporting hydrogen. These cylinders are usually made of high-quality, high-strength steel, with thick, robust walls to prevent hydrogen leakage or rupture, ensuring they can withstand the high pressure of hydrogen. However, despite the stringent standards and tests in the design and manufacture of hydrogen cylinders, safety incidents involving hydrogen still occur frequently in laboratories.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage in metals offers good safety, and researchers worldwide have conducted extensive research in this field. For example, Chinese patent CN105387341A discloses a hydrogen storage tank for rare-earth, titanium, and titanium-vanadium solid solution alloys. This novel metal hydride hydrogen storage tank has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, but the hydrogen storage density of the aforementioned traditional hydrogen storage alloys is relatively low. In recent years, magnesium-based metals have gained widespread favor from researchers and industry due to their high hydrogen storage density. Chinese patent CN222480191U discloses a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage tank. This novel fills the spaces between the hydrogen storage materials with foamed metal material, which to some extent suppresses stress and strain during the hydrogen charging and discharging process. This novel uses a shell-and-tube heat exchange structure with heat transfer oil as the medium, making it less suitable for laboratory hydrogen applications. However, both of these patents include a gas guide pipe in the middle of the hydrogen storage tank body, increasing the complexity of the device. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of hydrogen charging and discharging cycles, stress concentration in the central area can damage the gas guide pipe structure, thus affecting the kinetic performance of the hydrogen charging and discharging process and posing certain safety hazards. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy, thereby improving the structure of existing metal solid hydrogen storage tanks, reducing the complexity of the device, and thus reducing safety hazards during use.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy, comprising a hydrogen storage tank body, the hydrogen storage tank body comprising a cylindrical body, wherein a plurality of hydrogen storage units are disposed within the cylindrical body, the hydrogen storage unit comprising a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc and a wrapping layer, the wrapping layer being a flexible material used to wrap and shape the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc around its perimeter and bottom and to provide heat transfer channels and radial hydrogen channels, the wrapping layer being covered by a buffer layer, the buffer layer being disposed between the cylindrical body and the wrapping layer, and having a plurality of concave and convex folds distributed along the inner and outer circumference.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: During the hydrogen charging and discharging process, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk expands and contracts due to stress, causing damage to the gas delivery pipe. This solution eliminates the gas delivery pipe structure in the original design by setting pleats on the outer periphery of the buffer layer and using the gap between the pleats and the inner wall of the cylinder as a hydrogen channel, making the structure of the hydrogen storage tank simpler. At the same time, it can also avoid the damage to the gas delivery pipe caused by stress concentration due to the increase in the number of hydrogen charging and discharging cycles.

[0007] Furthermore, the encapsulation layer is a graphite cylindrical structure with an open top, and several micropores are provided around the perimeter and bottom of the graphite cylindrical structure.

[0008] Beneficial effects: By using cylindrical graphite as a coating layer, the graphite has good ductility and flexible separation characteristics, which allows it to deform without breaking when subjected to stress compression. This ensures that the pressed magnesium-based hydrogen storage material maintains its disc shape during hydrogen charging and discharging. The stress generated during hydrogen charging and discharging is further decomposed by the buffer layer, reducing the stress impact on the tank during the hydrogen charging and discharging process and increasing the service life of the alloy hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the diameter of the micropores is 0.2-0.7 mm. The micropore design ensures the passage of gas during the filling and discharging process. At the same time, by limiting the diameter of the micropores, it can prevent the hydride metal powder from overflowing from the micropores during the filling process.

[0010] Furthermore, the buffer layer is made of aluminum alloy, which can withstand high temperatures of 300-500℃. The aluminum alloy used to manufacture the buffer layer provides excellent thermal conductivity and elasticity.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage tank body also includes partition plates, which are positioned between the hydrogen storage units and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank. In traditional tanks, the hydrogen storage material is prone to slow heating in the core area and overheating in the edge area due to accumulation, forming a "thermal resistance dead zone" problem, resulting in large fluctuations in the hydrogen release rate. This solution divides the hydrogen storage chambers by partition plates, dividing the tank body into multiple independent hydrogen storage chambers along the axial direction, thereby significantly shortening the heat transfer path from the tank wall to the center of the hydrogen storage material.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the partition plate is adapted to the inner wall of the cylinder, and several channels for hydrogen flow are provided at the center and edge. The channels at the center and edge of the partition plate form a dual airflow path of "radial and axial": the heat from the heating jacket is first transferred to the outside of the hydrogen storage cavity through the tank wall, and then transferred to the hydrogen storage material disk through the wrapping layer (flexible thermally conductive material, such as graphite-based composite material). At the same time, the channels at the edge of the partition plate allow hot hydrogen to flow between the cavities, driving the temperature of the central area to rise, so that the temperature difference in each hydrogen storage cavity is controlled within ±5℃.

[0013] Furthermore, an upper end cap is fixed to the upper end of the cylinder, the upper end cap is provided with an opening, and a valve seat is fixed to the opening. The hydrogen storage tank body also includes a valve and a filter. The filter is fixedly connected to the free end of the valve seat, and the valve is threadedly connected to the valve seat.

[0014] Furthermore, a lower end cap is fixed to the lower end of the cylinder, and a filling gap is provided between the lower and upper end caps. This gap forms a buffer structure, allowing for some compression during hydrogen release, thus making the hydrogen release more stable.

[0015] Furthermore, a heating jacket is wrapped around the outside of the cylinder. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure after removing the heating sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the valve assembly assembly according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the hydrogen storage unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the hydrogen storage unit assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the partition plate of this utility model.

[0022] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: valve seat 11, filter 12, valve 13, upper end cap 21, cylinder 22, partition plate 23, lower end cap 24, heating jacket 25, hydrogen storage unit 30, magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31, graphite coating layer 32, and buffer layer 33. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Example 1 is basically as shown in the appendix. Figures 1-6 As shown, Figures 1-6The hydrogen storage tank shown includes a hydrogen storage tank body and several hydrogen storage units 30, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen storage tank body includes a cylindrical body 22, and several partition plates 23 are welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 22, dividing the cylindrical body 22 into several chambers through the partition plates 23. A lower end cap 24 and an upper end cap 21 are welded to both ends of the cylindrical body 22, respectively. An opening is provided at the top of the upper end cap 21, and a valve assembly is installed at the opening. Figure 3 As shown, the valve assembly includes a valve seat 11 and a valve 13. A filter 12 is fixed at the lower end of the valve seat, and the filter 12 is press-fitted with the valve seat 11. The valve seat 11 is welded to the opening of the upper head 21. A tapered internal thread is provided on the top of the valve seat 11. The valve 13 is threadedly connected to the valve seat 11 through the tapered internal thread. The valve seat 11, the upper head 21, the cylinder 22, the partition plate 23, and the lower head 24 are all made of stainless steel. The hydrogen storage unit 30 is arranged between adjacent partition plates 23, so that the top of the upper head 21 and the bottom of the lower head 24 form a filling gap, and a buffer structure is formed through the gap to ensure stable hydrogen pressure output.

[0025] Specifically, the outer diameter of the cylinder 22 ranges from 120mm to 250mm, and the height-to-diameter ratio is 5:1. Figure 6 As shown, the partition plate 23 is a circular plate with the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the cylinder 22, and several through holes are evenly distributed on the circumference and surface of the partition plate 23 to form a channel for hydrogen flow. The upper end cap 21 and the lower end cap 24 are respectively welded to both ends of the cylinder 22. The top of the upper end cap 21 has an opening, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the valve seat 11 is welded to the inner wall of the opening of the upper head 21 through its side wall, and the top of the valve seat 11 is provided with a tapered internal thread. A filter 12 is provided at the bottom of the valve seat 11. The filter 12 and the valve seat 11 are interference-fitted to prevent small particles from being carried out during the hydrogen filling and discharging process. The valve 13 can be a standard hydrogen pressure cylinder valve, and it is threaded to the valve seat 11 through a tapered internal thread. In this embodiment, the valve 13 is a QF-30A type shaft-coupled hydrogen cylinder valve.

[0026] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the hydrogen storage unit 30 includes a buffer layer 33, an encapsulation layer, and a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31 from the outside in. The buffer layer 33 is made of aluminum alloy that can withstand high temperatures of 300-500℃. A cylindrical aluminum alloy is placed between the cylinder 22 and the encapsulation layer to form the buffer layer 33, and several concave and convex folds are distributed along the circumference, so that there is a large gap in the axial direction, providing a channel for the flow of hydrogen. Specifically, in this embodiment, the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 5mm, and the included angle α on both sides of the folds is 60°. The encapsulation layer is a graphite cylindrical structure with an open top and including the bottom. Several micropores are provided on the bottom and sidewalls of the graphite cylindrical structure. The diameter of the micropores is 0.2-0.7mm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the micropores is 0.5mm. The magnesium-based hydrogen storage material is filled in the graphite encapsulation layer 32 and is kept in a disk shape under the restriction of the graphite encapsulation layer 32 to form the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31.

[0027] In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the cylinder 22 is 150 mm, the height is 750 mm, the thickness of the partition plate 23 is 2 mm, there are 61 airflow holes with a diameter of 2 mm evenly distributed in the center, and 12 airflow holes with a diameter of 4 mm evenly distributed at the edge. There are sixteen partition plates 23, which are welded to the inner wall of the cylinder 22 and divide the cylinder 22 into fifteen chambers to accommodate fifteen hydrogen storage units 30. Each hydrogen storage unit 30 contains a disc-shaped magnesium-based hydrogen storage material weighing 750 g, for a total of 11.25 kg of hydrogen storage material and a stored hydrogen mass of 0.56 kg. The stored hydrogen mass is equivalent to the hydrogen storage capacity of a 40 L high-pressure hydrogen cylinder filled at a pressure of 15 MPa.

[0028] When the laboratory needs hydrogen, the outer wall of the cylinder 22 is heated, allowing heat to pass sequentially through the cylinder 22, the aluminum buffer layer 33, and the graphite coating layer 32, and then to the pressed magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31. When the temperature rises to 200~300℃, the magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material decomposes upon heating, producing hydrogen gas. The generated hydrogen gas first diffuses to the periphery in the hydrogen storage unit 30, then radially passes through the micropores around the graphite coating layer 32 to the aluminum buffer layer 33, and flows through the gap between the buffer layer 33 and the inner wall of the cylinder 22 to the upper end cap 21. After being filtered by the filter 12, it is discharged through the valve 13.

[0029] When the hydrogen in the alloy hydrogen storage tank is depleted, it is transferred to a hydrogen plant for refilling. During the cyclic charging and discharging process, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31 expands and contracts due to stress. The graphite coating layer 32 has good ductility and flexible separation characteristics, allowing it to deform without breaking under stress compression, while also ensuring that the pressed magnesium-based hydrogen storage material maintains its disk shape during charging and discharging. The generated stress is... Figure 5The buffer layer 33 shown further decomposes to reduce the stress impact on the cylinder 22 during hydrogen charging and discharging, thereby increasing the service life of the alloy hydrogen storage tank. The buffer layer 33 is made of aluminum alloy material resistant to high temperatures of 300~500℃ and is tightly bonded to the intermediate graphite layer. Preferably, the thickness is 5mm, and the inclination angles of the inner and outer folds are 60° respectively.

[0030] In addition, hydrogen is adsorbed and desorbed in the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disk 31, which is equivalent to purifying the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen can be transformed from ordinary hydrogen into high-purity hydrogen or even ultra-high-purity hydrogen, and the quality of hydrogen is greatly improved. At the same time, there is no risk of leakage during storage and transportation, which improves the convenience and safety of use.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cylinder 22 is wrapped with a heating jacket 25. In use, the cylinder 22 can be heated through the heating jacket 25. The decomposition of hydride metals requires reaching a specific temperature threshold. The built-in heating jacket 25 can directly transfer heat to the cylinder with little heat loss, and can quickly raise the temperature to the decomposition threshold, shortening the "start-up time" of hydrogen release.

[0033] At the same time, it can reduce dependence on external heat sources and adapt to the needs of scenarios such as mobile hydrogen use, cryogenic hydrogen use, and emergency hydrogen use.

[0034] In addition, when the hydrogen is exhausted and needs to be replenished, the heating jacket can be removed and the equipment transferred to a hydrogen plant for hydrogen replenishment.

[0035] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this utility model. Commonly known technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that the technical means used to solve problems in the above embodiments of this utility model can be combined to solve multiple technical problems simultaneously. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of this utility model, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. These modifications will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this utility model or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy, characterized in that: The device includes a hydrogen storage tank body, which includes a cylindrical body. Several hydrogen storage units are installed inside the cylindrical body. Each hydrogen storage unit includes a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc and a wrapping layer. The wrapping layer is a flexible material used to wrap and shape the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material disc around its perimeter and bottom, and to provide heat transfer channels and radial hydrogen channels. A buffer layer is installed outside the wrapping layer, which is located between the cylindrical body and the wrapping layer and has several convex and concave folds distributed along the inner and outer circumference.

2. The hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encapsulation layer is a graphite cylindrical structure with an open top, and several micropores are provided around the perimeter and bottom of the graphite cylindrical structure.

3. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the micropores is 0.2-0.7 mm.

4. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buffer layer is made of aluminum alloy that can withstand high temperatures of 300-500℃.

5. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank body also includes a partition plate, which is disposed between the hydrogen storage units and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank.

6. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the partition plate is adapted to the inner wall of the cylinder, and several channels for hydrogen flow are provided at the center and the edge.

7. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the cylinder is fixed with an upper head, which has an opening and a valve seat is fixed to the opening. The hydrogen storage tank body also includes a valve and a filter. The filter is fixedly connected to the free end of the valve seat, and the valve is threadedly connected to the valve seat.

8. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower end of the cylinder is also fixed with a lower end cap, and the lower end cap and the upper end cap are provided with a filling gap.

9. A hydrogen storage tank based on a solid alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder is covered with a heating jacket.

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