Cooling structure of supercritical water oxidation reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of cooling structure of supercritical water oxidation reactor, including shell, inner tube, cooling system, the inner tube is installed in the shell, the inside space of inner tube is reaction zone and quenching zone, the space between the outer wall of inner tube and shell inner wall is cooling jacket, shell top is equipped with reaction import, and shell bottom is equipped with reaction export, the cooling system includes conventional cooling system and emergency cooling system, the conventional cooling system is heat exchange structure of partition, the emergency cooling system is mixed heat exchange structure, the conventional cooling system includes outer cooling system and inner cooling system, the outer cooling system is set in cooling jacket, the inner cooling system is set in reaction zone, the emergency cooling system is set in quenching zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a cooling structure for a supercritical water oxidation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear power plant operation and maintenance generate large quantities of hazardous organic waste containing radioactive elements, such as waste lubricating oil, spent fuel extraction waste liquid, waste cleaning solvents, high-concentration organic condensate wastewater, and recalcitrant organic waste liquid. This hazardous waste containing radionuclides cannot be treated using traditional incineration methods, as this would create aerosols containing radionuclides that would diffuse into the atmosphere. Due to a lack of safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment technologies, this type of radioactive organic hazardous waste currently has to be stored in large quantities and for extended periods within nuclear power plants, posing a significant safety and environmental hazard to nuclear power operations that urgently needs to be addressed. Radioactive hazardous waste typically cannot be transferred to other locations for treatment; therefore, it is necessary to establish independent radioactive organic hazardous waste treatment facilities at each nuclear power plant.

[0003] The construction costs of existing international radioactive organic waste treatment systems are extremely high, often exceeding hundreds of millions of yuan per unit, with substantial ongoing maintenance costs. More importantly, nuclear power plants, as critical facilities involving sensitive information, have highly sensitive technical details that cannot rely on external technologies and treatment facilities. Furthermore, advanced nuclear power-related technologies have been designated as key export control and restriction areas by some technologically advanced regions. Therefore, developing supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology and equipment with completely independent intellectual property rights, controllable construction and maintenance costs, and suitable for treating radioactive organic waste from nuclear power plants is of great significance in the following ways.

[0004] Supercritical water oxidation technology, due to its ability to rapidly decompose organic pollutants under high temperature and high pressure environments and achieve efficient and harmless treatment, has been widely applied in fields such as nuclear power plant operation and maintenance, fine chemicals, and organic hazardous waste disposal. However, the supercritical water environment places extremely high demands on the temperature and pressure control of the reaction system, especially under conditions of intense exothermic reaction. If the temperature cannot be effectively controlled in a timely manner, it can easily lead to reaction runaway, equipment thermal fatigue, or even safety accidents. Therefore, the cooling system, as one of the key technologies to ensure the stable operation of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, directly determines the safety, controllability, and treatment efficiency of the reactor through its structural design and response performance.

[0005] In existing technologies, cooling methods generally rely on jacketed or coiled heat exchangers. While these methods can achieve a certain degree of temperature regulation, the cooling structures are often arranged in isolation, failing to form an efficient synergy with the reaction system. Especially when the reaction heat fluctuates drastically, conventional cooling structures suffer from problems such as response lag and untimely cooling. Furthermore, most reactors lack emergency cooling mechanisms, and the system lacks the ability to quickly and safely suppress overheating. Once an anomaly occurs, it is difficult to effectively contain the risk.

[0006] Furthermore, in existing systems, the cooling medium is mostly used as an independent circulating fluid, which is discharged after heat exchange and cannot be further utilized in the reaction process, resulting in water waste and affecting the system's energy efficiency. The lack of reasonable layout and outlet control in the cooling water pipeline can easily lead to uneven local heat exchange or dead zones in cold areas, affecting the stability of the temperature field in the reaction zone.

[0007] In summary, designing a composite cooling structure with strong cooling capacity, fast response speed, emergency mixing and heat exchange capability, and medium reusability, heat exchange uniformity, and backflow protection capability is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the current research and development of supercritical water oxidation reaction equipment. Utility Model Content:

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a cooling structure for a critical water oxidation reactor.

[0009] A cooling structure for a supercritical water oxidation reactor includes an outer shell, an inner cylinder, and a cooling system. The inner cylinder is installed inside the outer shell. The inner space of the inner cylinder is a reaction zone and a quenching zone. The space between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer shell is a cooling jacket. The top of the outer shell is provided with a reaction inlet, and the bottom of the outer shell is provided with a reaction outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling system includes a conventional cooling system and an emergency cooling system. The conventional cooling system is a partitioned heat exchange structure, and the emergency cooling system is a hybrid heat exchange structure. The conventional cooling system includes an external cooling system and an internal cooling system. The external cooling system is located within the cooling jacket, the internal cooling system is located within the reaction zone, and the emergency cooling system is located within the rapid cooling zone.

[0011] Furthermore, the external cooling system includes a cooling medium, a first coolant inlet, and a cooling jacket. The first coolant inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell and communicates with the cooling jacket. The top of the cooling jacket communicates with the top of the reaction zone. During the reaction, the cooling medium first exchanges heat with the reactants through the cooling jacket, and then enters the reaction zone from the top of the jacket, becoming part of the reactants.

[0012] Furthermore, the internal cooling system includes a cooling medium, a second coolant inlet, and a cooling coil. The second coolant inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell and communicates with the cooling coil. The cooling coil is located inside the inner cylinder, and the top of the cooling coil communicates with the reaction zone. During the reaction, the cooling medium first exchanges heat with the reactants through the cooling coil, and then enters the reaction zone from the top of the coil, becoming part of the reactants.

[0013] Furthermore, the cooling coil has a ring of pipes at the top with multiple evenly distributed liquid outlet holes, which connects the cooling coil to the reaction zone.

[0014] Furthermore, a ring of pipes at the bottom of the cooling coil is provided with multiple evenly distributed coil supports, which are fixed to a support plate. The support plate is installed on a ring of evenly distributed support ribs on the inner wall of the inner cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the emergency cooling system includes a cooling medium, a quench liquid inlet, and a quench zone. The quench liquid inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell, and the quench zone is the space enclosed by the support plate, the lower section of the inner cylinder, and the bottom of the outer shell. The quench liquid inlet is equipped with a quench inner tube, the top of which extends to the middle of the quench zone, and has multiple evenly distributed quench liquid outlet holes. During the reaction, the cooling medium is directly introduced into the quench zone through the quench liquid inlet to perform mixed heat exchange with the reactants.

[0016] Furthermore, check valves are provided on the inlet or outlet of the casing for fluid passage.

[0017] Furthermore, the cooling medium is high-pressure deionized water at room temperature or low temperature, with a water pressure higher than the supercritical reaction pressure.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages;

[0019] It integrates conventional cooling systems and emergency cooling systems, constructing a hierarchical, complementary, safe and efficient thermal management system with several significant technological advantages.

[0020] First, the system employs a hybrid cooling structure combining indirect and indirect heat exchange. The conventional cooling system uses jackets and coils for indirect heat exchange, effectively recovering reaction heat and maintaining a stable temperature within the reaction zone. The emergency cooling system, on the other hand, injects cooling media directly into the reactants for hybrid heat exchange, providing rapid response and high-intensity cooling capabilities. These conventional and emergency mechanisms complement each other, ensuring safe operation of the system under both normal and abnormal conditions.

[0021] Secondly, the cooling medium uses high-pressure deionized water, which has a pressure higher than the supercritical reaction pressure, ensuring that the cooling water flows continuously and stably in the system and avoiding vaporization that would reduce heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the cooling medium after heat exchange enters the reaction zone and becomes part of the aqueous phase, effectively realizing the recycling of water resources and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0022] Furthermore, the cooling system improves the heat exchange area and path controllability through multi-channel arrangement and multi-stage inlet / outlet configuration. The jacket's bottom-up flow and top gap infiltration design enhance the uniformity of cooling water; the spiral structure of the coils and the design of multiple coil outlet holes at the top further expand the heat exchange area, improving the stability of the internal flow field and cooling capacity.

[0023] Furthermore, the check valve effectively prevents reactants from flowing back into the cooling water system, eliminating the risk of cross-contamination and enhancing the long-term safety of the equipment. The entire system also boasts engineering advantages such as a compact structure, unobstructed piping, and convenient maintenance, facilitating stable control and rapid repair under continuous high-temperature and high-pressure operating conditions.

[0024] In summary, this cooling system has advantages such as rapid response, high heat exchange efficiency, strong water utilization, and complete safety assurance, making it particularly suitable for handling supercritical reaction environments with strong exothermic reactions and complex hazardous substances. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the supercritical water oxidation reactor in a specific embodiment;

[0026] In the diagram, 1. Outer shell, 2. Inner cylinder, 3. Cooling jacket, 4. Cooling coil, 5. Reaction zone, 6. Quenching zone, 7. Supporting rib, 8. Supporting perforated plate, 9. Coil support, 10. Quenching liquid outlet, 11. Quenching inner tube, 12. Oxidizing agent inlet, 13. Reactant inlet, 14. First coolant inlet, 15. Reaction outlet, 16. Quenching liquid inlet, 17. Second coolant inlet, 18. Coil outlet, 19. Positioning rib, 20. Heating device. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enhance understanding of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0028] A supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic hazardous waste generated during nuclear power plant operation and maintenance includes an outer shell 1, an inner cylinder 2, a cooling system, and a heating device 20. The inner cylinder 2 is installed inside the outer shell 1. The space inside the inner cylinder 2 is divided by a support perforated plate 8, with a reaction zone 5 above and a quenching zone 6 below. The space between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer shell is a cooling jacket 3, and cooling coils 4 are installed inside the reaction zone 5. The heating device 20 is located on the outer wall of the outer shell relative to the upper part of the reaction zone to provide heat to the reaction zone. A reaction inlet is provided at the top of the outer shell, and a reaction outlet 15 is provided at the bottom. The reaction inlet includes a reactant inlet 13 and an oxidant inlet 12, which are used to introduce the reactants and oxidant into the reactor respectively.

[0029] This embodiment utilizes the unique physicochemical properties of supercritical water to efficiently oxidize and decompose organic hazardous waste generated during nuclear power plant operation and maintenance under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The reaction zone 5, located in the upper-middle section inside the inner cylinder 2, is the core area where reactants and oxidants react in a supercritical water environment. The cooling jacket 3 and cooling coil 4 remove the heat of reaction, helping to maintain a stable reaction environment. The heating device 20 is installed in the upper section of the reaction zone 5 to preheat the reaction system to a supercritical state. The reactant inlet 13 and oxidant inlet 12, located at the top, supply organic hazardous waste and an oxidant (such as hydrogen peroxide, air, or oxygen), respectively. The two mix in the inner cylinder and rapidly undergo an oxidation reaction, generating harmless products such as carbon dioxide and water, which are discharged through the reaction outlet 15 at the bottom.

[0030] This embodiment provides a reaction system suitable for the efficient, safe, and harmless treatment of organic hazardous waste in the field of nuclear power plant operation and maintenance. It can rapidly achieve complete oxidation of organic matter in a supercritical water environment, exhibiting extremely high reaction efficiency and thorough treatment. The cooling jacket 3 and cooling coil 4 remove reaction heat, improving reaction temperature stability and system thermal efficiency. The upper heating device 20 can precisely control the temperature of the reaction zone, effectively avoiding incomplete reactions or side reactions. Furthermore, the top-feed, bottom-discharge structure simplifies the fluid path, facilitating continuous operation and automated system control.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the cooling system includes a conventional cooling system and an emergency cooling system. The conventional cooling system is a partitioned heat exchange structure, and the emergency cooling system is a hybrid heat exchange structure. The conventional cooling system includes an external cooling system and an internal cooling system. The external cooling system is located within the cooling jacket 3, the internal cooling system is located within the reaction zone 5, and the emergency cooling system is located in the lower section of the inner cylinder.

[0032] The conventional cooling system is used to maintain the thermal balance of the reactor under stable operating conditions. Through the partition wall heat exchange structure, it effectively removes the heat of reaction and controls the temperature of the reaction zone. The external cooling system removes the heat of reaction through the cooling jacket 3, while the internal cooling system removes the heat of reaction through the cooling coils 4. The emergency cooling system is located at the bottom of the inner cylinder and is rapidly activated in case of overheating or abnormal operating conditions. It quickly reduces the temperature of the reaction product discharge through a mixed heat exchange method, preventing equipment overheating or even safety accidents.

[0033] The dual cooling system design significantly improves the reactor's safety and temperature control accuracy. During normal operation, the conventional system maintains efficient thermal management, while the emergency system responds rapidly in the event of a fault or thermal runaway, effectively reducing the temperature and ensuring stable system operation and operational safety.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the external cooling system includes a cooling medium, a first coolant inlet 14, and a cooling jacket 3. The first coolant inlet 14 is located at the bottom of the outer casing and communicates with the cooling jacket 3. The top of the cooling jacket communicates with the top of the reaction zone 5.

[0035] During the reaction, the cooling medium enters the cooling jacket 3 from the first coolant inlet 14, flows upward along the jacket, and exchanges heat with the reactants flowing downward in a counter-current indirect heat exchange manner. Then, it enters the reaction zone 5 from the top of the jacket, becoming part of the supercritical aqueous phase of the reaction liquid. This flow design enhances heat exchange efficiency and reduces the risk of local hot spots.

[0036] With its simple structure and high heat exchange efficiency, it can effectively guide the flow path of the cooling medium, enhance the rate of heat removal, alleviate temperature concentration areas, and improve cooling uniformity.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the internal cooling system includes a cooling medium, a second coolant inlet 17, and a cooling coil 4. The second coolant inlet 17 is located at the bottom of the outer shell and communicates with the cooling coil 4. The cooling coil is located inside the inner cylinder, and a ring of pipes at the top is provided with multiple evenly distributed coil outlet holes 18, which communicate with the reaction zone 5.

[0038] During the reaction, the cooling medium enters the cooling coil 4 through the second coolant inlet 17, flowing upwards along the coil and engaging in counter-current indirect heat exchange with the reactants flowing downwards. It then enters the reaction zone 5 from the top of the coil, becoming part of the supercritical aqueous phase of the reaction liquid. The cooling coils, arranged in a spiral pattern, form a continuous and uniform heat exchange surface. The cooling medium rises layer by layer within the coil, gradually carrying away heat. Multiple evenly distributed outlet holes 18 at the top ensure uniform discharge of the cooling medium, preventing localized liquid accumulation and abnormal temperatures.

[0039] With its compact structure, uniform cooling, and high heat exchange efficiency, it can effectively control the overall heat distribution in the reaction zone and improve the stability and safety of system operation.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the emergency cooling system includes a cooling medium, a quench liquid inlet 16, and a quench zone 6. The quench liquid inlet 16 is located at the bottom of the outer shell. The quench zone 6 is the space enclosed by the support plate 8, the lower section of the inner cylinder 2, and the bottom of the outer shell 1. The quench liquid inlet is provided with a quench inner tube 11. The top of the quench inner tube extends to the middle of the quench zone 6 and is provided with multiple evenly distributed quench liquid outlet holes 10.

[0041] In an emergency, the cooling medium is rapidly injected into the quenching zone 6 from the quenching liquid inlet 16, where it mixes and exchanges heat with the reactants, thereby achieving rapid cooling in a very short time.

[0042] This greatly improves the speed of emergency response, ensuring that when the reaction system experiences abnormal temperature rise, the temperature increase can be quickly suppressed, reducing the risk of accidents and increasing the safety factor.

[0043] In one possible implementation, a check valve is provided on the inlet or outlet of the housing for fluid passage.

[0044] Check valves ensure that fluid can only flow in one direction, preventing liquid from flowing back into the feeding system or other critical components due to system pressure fluctuations or abnormal operation, thus avoiding pollution and safety hazards.

[0045] Enhance the operational stability and fluid control capabilities of the reaction system, prevent backflow from damaging the system, and improve the overall safety level of the machine.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the outer shell 1 is a split structure, including a cylinder, an upper end cap, and a lower end cap. The top of the cylinder is welded to the upper end cap, the bottom of the cylinder is connected to the lower end cap by a flange, and the bottom of the inner cylinder 2 is welded to the lower end cap.

[0047] The upper end cap is welded to the cylinder to form a sealed upper structure, and the lower end cap is detachably connected by a flange, which facilitates equipment assembly and maintenance; the bottom of the inner cylinder 2 is welded to the lower end cap to maintain stability and ensure structural consistency.

[0048] The increased strength and sealing performance of the outer casing facilitate equipment disassembly and maintenance, while also improving the level of modular design for easier manufacturing and replacement.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the cooling coil 4 is provided with an upper support structure for positioning and a lower support structure for bearing the weight of the coil. The upper support structure includes several evenly distributed positioning stiffeners 19, welded to a ring of pipes at the top of the coil, ensuring that the cooling coil is centered in the inner cylinder. The lower support structure includes support stiffeners 7, support perforated plates 8, and coil supports 9. Several support stiffeners 7 are evenly distributed and fixed to the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a support perforated plate 8 with several through holes is placed on it. Several evenly distributed coil supports 9 are fixed on the support perforated plate 8, supporting a ring of pipes at the bottom of the coil. The lower support structure is used to bear the weight of the entire cooling coil, avoiding the weight load from being concentrated at the connection between the cooling coil 4 and the second coolant inlet 17, which could cause deformation or leakage. At the same time, the support perforated plate can also be used to fill the catalyst bed according to process requirements, and the through holes of the support perforated plate are used for the passage of reactants.

[0050] Working Principle: This utility model discloses a supercritical water oxidation reactor with cooling coils and cooling jackets connected to the reaction zone, designed to meet the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment requirements of complex organic wastewater in high-risk industries such as nuclear power plant operation and maintenance. Its core components include an outer shell, inner cylinder, electric heater, cooling coils, cooling jacket, quenching device, and multiple fluid inlet and outlet interfaces, forming a controllable supercritical water oxidation reaction environment.

[0051] The reaction process begins at the reactant inlet 13 and oxidant inlet 12 at the top of the shell. Organic wastewater and oxidant are fed into the reaction zone 5 of the inner cylinder through their respective inlets. The inner cylinder is divided by the support perforated plate 8; the upper part is the reaction zone 5, which is a supercritical reaction zone; the lower part is the quench zone 6, which provides rapid cooling. After cooling, the reaction products are discharged through the reaction outlet 15 at the bottom of the shell to the next processing unit.

[0052] The electric heater is located on the upper part of the outer shell, and its coverage area corresponds to the main reaction zone of the inner cylinder. Before the reaction begins, the heater heats the reaction system to reach supercritical conditions (generally a temperature greater than 374℃ and a pressure greater than 22.1MPa) to ensure sufficient initial conditions for the reaction. During the reaction, if the heat release is insufficient or the load fluctuates, the electric heater can still supplement heat in a timely manner to maintain the stability of the reaction temperature.

[0053] To ensure thermal balance and structural safety during long-term, high-load operation, this invention employs a multi-stage cooling structure. The first stage is a cooling jacket located in the annular space between the outer shell and the inner cylinder. High-pressure deionized cooling water enters the jacket through the first coolant inlet, flowing upwards and engaging in counter-current heat exchange with the reactants inside the inner cylinder. After heat exchange, it enters the reaction zone from the top of the jacket, mixing into the reaction liquid and becoming part of the aqueous phase of the reaction liquid.

[0054] The second stage is a cooling coil located within the reaction zone of the inner cylinder. High-pressure deionized cooling water enters the coil from the second coolant inlet, flows from bottom to top, and exchanges heat with the reactants in the inner cylinder in a counter-current manner. After heat exchange, it enters the reaction zone from the coil outlet hole 18 at the top of the coil, mixes into the reaction liquid, and becomes part of the aqueous phase of the reaction liquid.

[0055] If the above two-stage cooling is still insufficient to cool the reaction liquid to a safe range, the system automatically activates the third stage—the quenching structure. Room temperature or low temperature deionized water is introduced through the quenching water inlet located at the bottom of the shell, and directly injected into the quenching zone via the quenching inner tube 11. This water mixes and exchanges heat with the reaction products, rapidly reducing the system temperature and preventing equipment overheating or even safety accidents.

[0056] After the reaction is completed, the products (including CO2, water and inorganic residues) are discharged from the reaction outlet located at the bottom of the shell. Each inlet of the reactor (cooling water, oxygen, etc.) is equipped with a check valve to prevent the backflow of reactants from contaminating the cooling water, oxygen, etc. or causing other safety accidents.

[0057] In addition, the structure is designed with positioning stiffeners 19 and coil supports 9 for fixing and supporting the cooling coils, and support stiffeners 7 and support perforated plates 8 are provided in the lower section of the inner cylinder to support the cooling coils and catalyst bed. All inner cylinder and support structure arrangements take into account stress distribution and thermal deformation control under high temperature and high pressure environment to ensure long-term operational reliability.

[0058] In summary, this reactor achieves efficient supercritical water oxidation treatment of organic waste liquid through multi-stage reaction zone division, precise heating and multi-stage cooling linkage mechanism. It has good temperature control capability, safety assurance capability and operational stability, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of high-concentration recalcitrant organic waste liquid.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A cooling structure for a supercritical water oxidation reactor, characterized in that, The system includes an outer shell, an inner cylinder, and a cooling system. The inner cylinder is installed inside the outer shell. The inner space of the inner cylinder serves as a reaction zone and a rapid cooling zone. The space between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer shell is a cooling jacket. The cooling system includes a conventional cooling system and an emergency cooling system. The conventional cooling system is a partitioned heat exchange structure, and the emergency cooling system is a hybrid heat exchange structure. The conventional cooling system includes an external cooling system and an internal cooling system. The external cooling system is located within the cooling jacket, the internal cooling system is located within the reaction zone, and the emergency cooling system is located within the rapid cooling zone.

2. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external cooling system includes a cooling medium, a first coolant inlet, and a cooling jacket. The first coolant inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell and communicates with the cooling jacket. The top of the cooling jacket communicates with the top of the reaction zone. During the reaction, the cooling medium first exchanges heat with the reactants through the cooling jacket, and then enters the reaction zone from the top of the jacket, becoming part of the reactants.

3. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal cooling system includes a cooling medium, a second coolant inlet, and a cooling coil. The second coolant inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell and communicates with the cooling coil. The cooling coil is located inside the inner cylinder, and the top of the cooling coil communicates with the reaction zone. During the reaction, the cooling medium first exchanges heat with the reactants through the cooling coil, and then enters the reaction zone from the top of the coil, becoming part of the reactants.

4. The cooling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling coil has a ring of pipes at the top with multiple evenly distributed liquid outlet holes, which connect the cooling coil to the reaction zone.

5. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency cooling system includes a cooling medium, a quench liquid inlet, and a quench zone. The quench liquid inlet is located at the bottom of the outer shell. The quench zone is the space enclosed by the support plate, the lower section of the inner cylinder, and the bottom of the outer shell. The quench liquid inlet is equipped with a quench inner tube, the top of which extends to the middle of the quench zone, and has multiple evenly distributed quench liquid outlet holes. During the reaction, the cooling medium is directly introduced into the quench zone through the quench liquid inlet to perform mixed heat exchange with the reactants.

6. The cooling structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Check valves are provided on the inlet or outlet of the casing for fluid passage.

7. The cooling structure according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The cooling medium is high-pressure, room-temperature or low-temperature deionized water, with a water pressure higher than the supercritical reaction pressure.

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