A device for determining the ground projection of a power line crossing

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of surveying, designing, and maintaining power transmission lines, specifically relating to a device for determining the ground projection points of power transmission line intersections. It includes a base plate with at least two clamping members on its sides and an observation assembly detachably mounted on the top of the base plate, containing a compass. The observation assembly includes two support plates detachably connected to the top of the base plate, with two observation plates detachably mounted between them. Each observation plate has a positioning groove. This utility model determines orientation by aligning the two positioning grooves with the existing line end hanging point in a straight line. It determines its position by measuring the difference between the angle between the two hanging points and 180°, which is more accurate than relying on human judgment. Furthermore, the entire structure consists of multiple detachable plates, making it easy to install and remove. It can be carried in a backpack during field operations, without adding extra burden to engineering designers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of survey, design and maintenance of power transmission lines, and specifically relates to a device for determining the ground projection point of a power transmission line crossing. Background Technology

[0002] In the surveying and design of power transmission lines, it is often necessary to drill through to higher-grade transmission lines or cross lower-grade transmission lines. A certain safe height difference must be maintained between the two crossing lines. To determine the height of the crossing point, it is necessary to measure the height of the ground wire or conductor of the existing line. The conventional method is for surveyors to use a GNSS receiver to advance along the direction of the current line. After reaching the crossing point, they measure the projected coordinates of that point on the ground. Then, at a certain distance, a total station is set up, keeping the azimuth angle from the station to the crossing point constant, and the vertical angle of the ground wire or conductor of the crossing line is measured. The height of the crossing point is then calculated based on the known horizontal distance and vertical angle.

[0003] The location of the intersection is determined by the route of this line and the existing lines, such as Figure 4 As shown, the turning points of this route have already been planned with precise coordinates in the early stages. The path, represented by the gray dashed line, is controlled by GNSS alignment measurement mode. The black solid line in the figure represents the existing route path. Typically, surveyors look up at the overhead high-voltage lines from the ground and judge their projection lines on the ground based on experience and intuition. This method is easy to implement in open plains, but it is less practical in hilly and mountainous areas due to weaker visibility, poor spatial awareness, and greater deviations, failing to meet design requirements. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problem of relying on surveyors' experience and intuition to determine the ground projection points of power transmission lines crossing each other, this invention provides a device for determining these points.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved in the following manner: a device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing, comprising a base plate 1, at least two clamping members 11 arranged on the side of the base plate 1, an observation component detachably arranged on the top of the base plate 1, and a compass 2 arranged inside the observation component.

[0006] The observation assembly includes two support plates 3 that are detachably connected to the top of the base plate 1, and two observation plates 4 that are detachably disposed between the two support plates 3. Each of the two observation plates 4 is provided with a positioning vertical groove 41.

[0007] Furthermore, the top of the base plate 1 is provided with a slot 12 that mates with the bottom of the support plate 3; and the adjacent sides of the two support plates 3 are respectively provided with sliding grooves 31 that mate with the sides of the observation plate 4.

[0008] Furthermore, the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4 together form a frame, and a support frame 5 is provided inside the frame. The support frame 5 includes an outer quadrilateral frame, which is used to abut against the inner walls of the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4 respectively. The quadrilateral frame is provided with reinforcing ribs connecting different sides, and the compass 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame 5.

[0009] Furthermore, a transparent plate 42 is fixed inside the positioning groove 41 of one of the observation plates 4, and a positioning mark is provided on the transparent plate 42.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of the positioning vertical groove 41 is 1~2mm; the height of the positioning vertical groove 41 is 20~50mm; and the distance between the two observation plates 4 is 100~400mm.

[0011] Compared to existing technologies, the structure of this utility model determines the orientation by aligning two positioning vertical grooves with the existing line end hanging point in a straight line. It determines whether it is in position by measuring the difference between the included angle between the two hanging points and 180°, which is more accurate than relying on human judgment. On the other hand, the entire structure is composed of multiple detachable panels, which are easy to install and remove. It can be carried in a backpack during field operations without adding extra burden to the engineering designers. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of this utility model in conjunction with existing GNSS receiver equipment;

[0013] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the device of this utility model;

[0014] Figure 3 This is an assembly drawing of the device of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of surveying and designing the ground projection points where transmission lines cross.

[0016] The components include: base plate 1, clamping component 11, slot 12, compass 2, support plate 3, slide 31, observation plate 4, positioning vertical slot 41, transparent plate 42, support frame 5, and GNSS receiver 6. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0019] As attached Figure 1-3 As shown, a device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing includes a base plate 1. At least two clamping members 11 are provided on the side of the base plate 1. The base plate 1 can be made into a handheld tool, but preferably, the base plate 1 can be mounted and fitted with the top of an existing GNSS receiver. The clamping member 11 refers to a rotating joint structure formed by the cooperation of a shaft and a shaft on the side of the base plate 1. A clamping plate / clamping rod / clamping frame shown in the figure is rotatably connected through the rotating joint. A torsion spring is provided in the rotating joint to provide a force to rotate the clamping member inward, forming a clamp-like structure. There are at least two clamping members 11, preferably four, which clamp the top of the GNSS receiver from all sides. The base plate 1 is not limited to the disc shape shown in the figure, but can be other shapes that are convenient for mounting and fitting with the top of the GNSS receiver.

[0020] An observation assembly is detachably installed on the top of the base plate 1, and a compass 2 is installed inside the observation assembly;

[0021] The observation assembly includes two support plates 3 that are detachably connected to the top of the base plate 1, and two observation plates 4 that are detachably disposed between the two support plates 3. Each of the two observation plates 4 is provided with a positioning vertical groove 41.

[0022] Further details are attached. Figure 2 As shown, the top of the base plate 1 is provided with a vertical slot 12 that mates with the bottom of the support plate 3, thereby limiting the support plate 3 in the horizontal direction; the adjacent sides of the two support plates 3 are respectively provided with vertical sliding grooves 31 that mate with the sides of the observation plate 4, thereby limiting the two observation plates 4 in the horizontal direction by clamping the two support plates 3. When the two support plates 3 are inserted into the slot 12, the observation plate 4 should be in transition fit with the sliding groove 31.

[0023] Furthermore, the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4 together form a frame. Preferably, the two support plates 3 are parallel and the two observation plates 4 are parallel, forming a square frame. A support frame 5 is provided inside the frame. The support frame 5 includes an outer quadrilateral frame. The quadrilateral frame is used to abut against the inner walls of the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4 respectively to provide internal support. The quadrilateral frame is provided with reinforcing ribs connecting different sides. Preferably, as shown in the figure, intersecting reinforcing ribs are formed between the diagonals. The top of the support frame 5 is fixedly connected to the compass 2 by adhesive bonding.

[0024] Regarding material selection, if precision is the primary consideration, steel components should be used for the base plate 1, support plate 3, and observation plate 4. This will result in a tighter fit and less wobbling, making the support frame 5 less necessary. The support frame 5 can be seamlessly integrated with the frame formed by the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4. The compass 2 can be independently fixed by other means, but this approach has higher manufacturing and carrying costs. If cost is the primary consideration, plastic materials such as PVC should be used for the base plate 1, support plate 3, and observation plate 4. However, this approach has the disadvantage of poorer finished product quality in actual use. For example, the gap between the support plate 3 and the slot 12 may be large, making the whole unit prone to wobbling. In this case, the support frame 5 is necessary. It should have an interference fit with the frame formed by the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4, meaning that the support frame 5 should be used to tighten the frame formed by the two support plates 3 and the two observation plates 4 outwards.

[0025] The design of the positioning vertical slot 41 has the following two considerations:

[0026] 1. A transparent plate 42 is fixed inside the positioning groove 41 of one of the observation plates 4. The transparent plate 42 is provided with positioning marks, which are colored arrows of different colors that are colored by means of pasting or spraying, to assist human eye observation. When observing, the transparent plate 42 is set on the side closer to the human eye. The width of the positioning groove 41 on this side can be made larger, such as more than 5mm, mainly for positioning the first point by the positioning marks. The width of the positioning groove 41 on the other side should be smaller, such as 1~2mm, to ensure the accuracy of the second point, until the cable hanging point is seen to form a three-point line to determine the orientation.

[0027] 2. The width of the positioning vertical groove 41 is 1~2mm; based on actual user experience, 1.5mm is an optimal size. Wider than 2mm will reduce aiming accuracy and cause the line of sight to drift; narrower than 1mm requires extremely high machining accuracy and requires more effort to squint for aiming, which is more uncomfortable. 1.5mm provides sufficient brightness while forming a clear and sharp vertical reference line.

[0028] The height of the positioning vertical slot 41 is 20~50mm, with 40mm being the optimal size. This mainly determines the degree of freedom for the eye to move up and down, ensuring that the hanging points of poles at different heights can be included within this degree of freedom. 30-50mm is a good range. The height of 40mm ensures that even if the head sways slightly in the vertical direction, the line of sight can still see the target through the vertical slot, without having to keep the head absolutely still. This greatly improves the comfort and fault tolerance of observation. At the same time, this height also ensures the structural strength of the tool.

[0029] The distance between the two observation plates 4 is 100~400mm. The longer the baseline, the longer the "ruler" used for aiming. When a distant target has a slight angular deviation, it will appear as a noticeable and easily perceptible misalignment on a tool with a long baseline; while on a tool with a short baseline, this misalignment will be very small and difficult for the human eye to distinguish. The optimal distance is 20cm to 30cm. This range is the best balance between accuracy and portability / usability. If the distance is less than 10cm, the aiming accuracy will drop sharply, almost indistinguishable from monocular aiming, losing the meaning of "two points determine a straight line". If the design does not care about portability and is used for fixed installation, or if the stability of the long baseline tool can be guaranteed, then the baseline length can be 50cm or even 1 meter. For every doubling of the baseline, the theoretical aiming accuracy will double. However, this work does not require absolute precision. An error of a few meters is within the allowable range of calculation. This utility model aims to improve a certain level of accuracy at low cost.

[0030] At work, such as Figure 4 As shown, the solid black lines represent existing towers and the power transmission lines between them, while the dashed gray lines represent the simulated projection of the current construction route onto the positioning tool. The GNSS receiver's alignment measurement mode controls the surveyor's movement along this route. Upon reaching a point near the intersection of the two lines, the surveyor mounts the device onto the GNSS instrument pole (as shown by the blue lines in the diagram). First, the two positioning slots 41 are aimed at the left hanging point, and the left azimuth angle A on the compass 2 is recorded. Then, the device is aimed at the right hanging point, and the right azimuth angle B on the compass 2 is recorded. The difference between the two azimuth angles is used to determine if the surveyor is positioned within the projection line of the power transmission line. If the surveyor is positioned within the projection line of the intersecting line on the ground, the difference between angles A and B should be 180°. Otherwise, the position should be adjusted, and the above steps repeated. This device is portable, easy to install and remove, simple to operate, and its accuracy meets design requirements. It avoids rework, effectively reduces errors, and improves work efficiency.

[0031] With this device, engineers can control the maximum deviation of the projection lines of intersecting lines on the ground to within 1 meter. This means that the error in calculating the height of high-voltage lines is much smaller than the requirements of designers, and the design accuracy is greatly improved.

[0032] Promotion and application examples

[0033] This device has been promoted and applied in the following projects:

[0034] (1) The second 500 kV transmission line from Central Tibet to Changdu

[0035] (2) Juema-Leibeng 500 kV transmission line project of the Linzhi and Changdu power grid reinforcement project in Tibet Autonomous Region

[0036] (3) 500 kV transmission project of Lushan Pumped Storage Power Station in Pingdingshan, Henan Province

[0037] Application Prospects

[0038] The findings of this study have broad application prospects in the survey and design of transmission lines, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0039] (1) Accurate positioning: This device can accurately locate the projection point of intersecting lines on the ground, which greatly improves work efficiency.

[0040] (2) Less human error: This device abandons the previous operation mode that relied on the experience and intuition of the surveyors, and uses quantifiable data to control the positioning accuracy, thus improving the reliability of the data.

[0041] (3) Improve design efficiency: Data on key intersections of the line can be obtained quickly during the work, shortening the design cycle and reducing design costs.

[0042] (4) Safety assurance: Ensure that the two intersecting lines have sufficient safety height to avoid safety accidents during construction and improve safety.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the overall concept of the present utility model, and these should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing, characterized in that: Includes a base plate (1), at least two clamping parts (11) are provided on the side of the base plate (1), and an observation component is detachably provided on the top of the base plate (1), with a compass (2) provided inside the observation component. The observation assembly includes two support plates (3) that are detachably connected to the top of the base plate (1), and two observation plates (4) are detachably disposed between the two support plates (3). The two observation plates (4) are respectively provided with positioning vertical grooves (41).

2. The device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) has a slot (12) at the top that mates with the bottom of the support plate (3); the adjacent sides of the two support plates (3) are respectively provided with a sliding groove (31) that mates with the side of the observation plate (4).

3. The device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Two support plates (3) and two observation plates (4) are joined together to form a frame. A support frame (5) is provided inside the frame. The support frame (5) includes a quadrilateral frame on the outer perimeter. The quadrilateral frame is used to abut against the inner walls of the two support plates (3) and the two observation plates (4) respectively. A reinforcing rib connecting different sides is provided inside the quadrilateral frame. A compass (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame (5).

4. The device for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A transparent plate (42) is fixed in the positioning groove (41) of one of the observation plates (4), and a positioning mark is set on the transparent plate (42).

5. The apparatus for determining the ground projection point of a transmission line crossing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the positioning vertical groove (41) is 1~2mm; the height of the positioning vertical groove (41) is 20~50mm; and the distance between the two observation plates (4) is 100~400mm.

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