Evaporation and seepage integrated measuring device for rocky desertification farmland

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of stony desertification farmland evaporation leakage integrated measuring devices, comprising: outer protective bucket, soil thickness simulation bucket, leakage water collection device, side seepage water collection device and leakage water extraction measuring device;Wherein soil thickness simulation bucket includes upper and lower two parts soil bucket and broken stone bucket, bottom is all set stainless steel net, upper soil bucket barrel wall is provided with side seepage water pipe, side seepage water pipe is connected to side seepage water collection device by the side seepage water pipe perforation of outer protective bucket wall and goes out;Leakage water collection device is placed between the bottom of outer protective bucket and soil thickness simulation bucket;The branch of pumping pipeline of leakage water extraction measuring device is connected to leakage water collection device by the gap between soil thickness simulation bucket and outer protective bucket, another branch of pumping pipeline is connected to side seepage water collection device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil hydrology, and in particular to the measurement of soil hydrological processes and crop transpiration under strong seepage environment in karst rocky desertification areas, specifically an integrated monitoring device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertification farmland. Background Technology

[0002] Rocky desertification is a land degradation phenomenon that occurs during the development of tropical or subtropical karst landforms due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. This leads to sparse vegetation, severe soil erosion, large-scale exposure of bedrock, accumulation of gravel, and a decline or even loss of land productivity, resulting in a desertified landscape. In rocky desertification areas, arable land has shallow soil with fractured, fissured rocks beneath. Therefore, both abundant regional rainfall and artificial irrigation water seep into underground rivers through these fissures and the rock's support. This difficulty in soil water retention and limited crop water availability become long-standing constraints on regional agricultural production. The key to solving the regional agricultural water problem lies in minimizing water loss during water balance processes, maximizing soil-stored and plant-utilized green water resources, and improving irrigation efficiency.

[0003] Various monitoring methods have been developed for soil water storage and crop water requirements. Monitoring changes in the soil water balance process is a crucial direction for achieving continuous and accurate monitoring without destructive methods. This involves quantifying the elements in the water balance equation to monitor soil water storage and vegetation transpiration. However, in rocky desertification areas, not only are there significant differences in soil thickness, necessitating low-cost continuous monitoring, but more importantly, the prominent backwater effect from the underlying rock surface leads to substantial vertical and lateral seepage. Existing general-purpose monitoring equipment is costly, unsuitable for continuous monitoring, and lacks monitoring capabilities for lateral seepage, resulting in large errors in the calculation of soil water balance elements in rocky desertification areas. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sustainable, low-cost, and high-precision integrated monitoring device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertification farmland, enabling direct monitoring of crop transpiration and vertical and lateral seepage in the soil of rocky desertification farmland. This objective is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] An integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland includes:

[0006] Outer protective barrel: It is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the top and a sealed bottom, and the upper part of the barrel wall has a perforation for a side seepage drainage pipe;

[0007] Soil thickness simulation bucket: It consists of two parts, the lower part is a gravel bucket and the upper part is a soil bucket. The bottom of the gravel bucket is equipped with a first stainless steel mesh and the bottom of the soil bucket is equipped with a second stainless steel mesh. The lower part of the soil bucket wall is equipped with a side seepage water pipe. The side seepage water pipe passes through the side seepage water pipe perforation of the outer protective bucket wall and is sealed to the side seepage water pipe perforation. There is a gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket and the outer protective bucket, and the upper end of the gap is sealed with an annular sealing ring. The annular sealing ring has a flexible tube perforation.

[0008] Leakage water collection device: placed between the bottom of the outer protective barrel and the soil thickness simulation barrel, and sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation barrel;

[0009] Side seepage water collection device: placed outside the outer protective barrel and sealed to the side seepage water pipe through a pipeline;

[0010] Leakage water extraction and measurement device: One branch of its pumping pipeline is connected to a water delivery hose, which passes through the perforation of the hose, through the gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket and the outer protective bucket, and connects to the leakage water collection device. The input hose and the perforation of the hose are sealed. The other branch of its pumping pipeline is connected to a lateral water delivery pipe, and the lower end of the lateral water delivery pipe is sealed to the lateral leakage water collection device.

[0011] In a further optimized scheme, the leakage water extraction and measurement device includes a water pump and a measuring cylinder. The input end of the water pump is connected to the water pumping pipeline, and the output end of the water pump is connected to the measuring cylinder through the water outlet pipe. The water pumping pipeline is connected to the water delivery hose and the side water delivery pipe through a T-junction pipe. The water delivery hose and the side water delivery pipe are each equipped with a control valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the water collection device includes a funnel-shaped water collector at the top and a sealed bottle at the bottom. The upper edge of the funnel-shaped water collector is sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation bucket, and the lower outlet of the funnel-shaped water collector is sealed to the sealed bottle. The sealed bottle is provided with a small water-drawing hole, which is sealed to the lower end of the water delivery hose.

[0013] Furthermore, the side seepage water collection device is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is sealed to the side seepage water guide pipe through a pipeline, and the outlet is sealed to the side water conveyance pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the first and second stainless steel meshes have a mesh size of 40.

[0015] Furthermore, a handle is provided at the top of the soil bucket.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil bucket and the gravel bucket are detachably connected, and the connection edge between the soil bucket and the gravel bucket is sealed.

[0017] Furthermore, a support device is also provided inside the outer protective barrel; the support device is a support rod that supports the bottom of the outer protective barrel and the upper edge of the leakage water collection device.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] This utility model device can achieve low-cost continuous monitoring of cultivated land in rocky desertification areas with different soil thicknesses, and can quickly and accurately monitor the evaporation, crop transpiration and vertical and lateral seepage of soil in rocky desertification cultivated land.

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer protective barrel structure.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a bucket structure simulating soil thickness.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support device structure.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the utility model in use.

[0026] Figure label:

[0027] 1. Outer protective barrel; 11. Perforated side seepage drainage pipe; 2. Support device; 3. Soil thickness simulation barrel; 31. Crushed stone barrel; 32. Soil barrel; 33. First stainless steel mesh; 34. Second stainless steel mesh; 35. Side seepage drainage pipe; 36. Handle; 4. Leakage water collection device; 41. Funnel-shaped water collector; 42. Sealed bottle; 43. Pumping hole; 5. Leakage water extraction and measurement device; 51. Water delivery hose; 52. Water pump; 53. Measuring cylinder; 6. Annular sealing ring; 61. Hose perforation; 7. Side seepage water collection device; 71. Inlet; 72. Pumping port; 8. Crushed stone. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland includes:

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the outer protective barrel 1 is a hollow cylinder with an open top and a sealed bottom, and the upper part of the barrel wall has a side seepage drainage pipe perforation 12; it can be made of transparent material.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the soil thickness simulation bucket 3 can be made of transparent material and consists of two parts: a lower gravel bucket 31 and an upper soil bucket 32. A first stainless steel mesh 33 is installed at the bottom of the gravel bucket 31, and a second stainless steel mesh 34 is installed at the bottom of the soil bucket 32. In this embodiment, the soil bucket 32 ​​and the gravel bucket 31 are two independent buckets with the same outer diameter. The lower end of the soil bucket 32 ​​has a flange with a diameter smaller than its outer diameter, allowing it to be inserted into the gravel bucket 31. For a better seal, a sealing ring can be added to the edge where the soil bucket 32 ​​and the gravel bucket 31 meet. In this embodiment, both the first stainless steel mesh 33 and the second stainless steel mesh 34 have a mesh size of 40. To make the simulation closer to reality, the area of ​​the mesh area in both the first stainless steel mesh 33 and the second stainless steel mesh 34 is not less than 90% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil thickness simulation bucket 3, and the edges are as narrow as possible. A handle 36 is provided at the upper end of the soil bucket 32 ​​for easy removal. A side seepage water pipe 35 is provided at the lower part of the wall of the soil bucket 32. The side seepage water pipe 35 passes through the side seepage water pipe perforation 11 in the wall of the outer protective bucket 1. A sealing ring is provided between the side seepage water pipe 35 and the side seepage water pipe perforation 11. There is a gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket 3 and the outer protective bucket 1, and the upper end of the gap is sealed with an annular sealing ring 6. A flexible tube perforation 61 is provided on the annular sealing ring 6.

[0032] Leakage collection device 4: placed between the bottom of the outer protective bucket 1 and the soil thickness simulation bucket 3, and sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation bucket 3; the leakage collection device 4 includes a funnel-shaped water collector 41 above and a sealed bottle 42 below. The upper edge of the funnel-shaped water collector 41 is sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation bucket 3. The lower end outlet of the funnel-shaped water collector 41 is sealed to the sealed bottle 42 through a rigid pipe and a sealing ring. The sealed bottle 42 is provided with a small water suction hole 43 with a diameter of 1cm. The small water suction hole 43 is sealed to the lower end of the water delivery hose 51.

[0033] To make the soil thickness simulation bucket 3 more stable, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a support device 2 for supporting the soil thickness simulation bucket 3 is also provided inside the outer protective bucket 1; the support device 2 is a support rod that is supported between the bottom of the outer protective bucket 1 and the upper edge of the leakage collection device 4. The support rod can be integrated with the funnel-shaped water collector 41, such as by welding.

[0034] Leakage Water Extraction and Measurement Device 5: The leakage water extraction and measurement device 5 includes a water pump 52 and a measuring cylinder 53. The input end of the water pump 52 is connected to a water pumping pipeline, and the output end of the water pump 52 is connected to the measuring cylinder 53 through an outlet pipe. The water pumping pipeline is connected to the water delivery hose 51 and the side water delivery pipe 54 through a T-junction. The water delivery hose 51 and the side water delivery pipe 54 are each equipped with a control valve. One branch of the water pumping pipeline is connected to the water delivery hose 51, which passes through the gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket 3 and the outer protective bucket 1 through the hose perforation 61 and connects to the leakage water collection device 4. The connection between the input hose 51 and the hose perforation 61 is sealed. The other branch of the water pumping pipeline is connected to the side water delivery pipe 54, and the lower end of the side water delivery pipe 54 is sealed to the side leakage water collection device 7.

[0035] Side seepage water collection device 7: placed outside the outer protective barrel 1, the side seepage water collection device 7 has an inlet 71 and a drain 72. The inlet 71 is sealed to the side seepage water pipe 35 through a pipe and a sealing ring. The drain 72 is sealed to the side water supply pipe 54, which can be sealed by a rubber ring.

[0036] The device is in use as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the installation steps are as follows:

[0037] 1) Place the outer protective bucket 1 vertically in the cultivated land, with the upper edge of the bucket 5-8cm higher than the cultivated land to prevent surface rainwater from flowing in;

[0038] 2) Install the support device 2 and the leakage water collection device 4 inside the outer protective barrel 1;

[0039] 3) The soil thickness mold 3 is nested inside the outer protective barrel 1, and the inside of the gravel barrel 31 is first filled with local rocks; the soil barrel 32 is placed on top of the gravel barrel 31 and filled with local soil until it is level with the top of the barrel;

[0040] 4) The seepage collection device 7 is buried in the cultivated land, and the seepage water extraction and measurement device 5 is set on the ground and connected.

[0041] After installation, soil evaporation is obtained by measuring the soil thickness of the simulated tank 3 before planting crops. Crop transpiration is obtained by comparing the soil weight change after planting crops with the soil weight change before planting crops. Vertical seepage and rock surface top-support seepage are obtained by collecting water through seepage collection device 4 and side seepage collection device 7. All of these data are elements in the water balance equation and are used to monitor soil water storage and crop water requirements. The above embodiments are only partial manifestations of this utility model and do not cover all aspects of it. Based on the above embodiments and accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can obtain more implementation methods without creative effort. Therefore, these implementation methods obtained without creative effort should all be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland, characterized in that: include: Outer protective barrel (1): It is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the top and a sealed bottom. The upper part of the barrel wall has a side seepage drainage pipe perforation (11). Soil thickness simulation bucket (3): It consists of two parts, the lower part is a gravel bucket (31) and the upper part is a soil bucket (32). The bottom of the gravel bucket (31) is provided with a first stainless steel mesh (33) and the bottom of the soil bucket (32) is provided with a second stainless steel mesh (34). The lower part of the wall of the soil bucket (32) is provided with a side seepage water pipe (35). The side seepage water pipe (35) passes through the side seepage water pipe perforation (11) in the wall of the outer protective bucket (1). The side seepage water pipe (35) and the side seepage water pipe perforation (11) are sealed together. There is a gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket (3) and the outer protective bucket (1), and the upper end of the gap is sealed with an annular sealing ring (6). The annular sealing ring (6) is provided with a flexible tube perforation (61). Leakage water collection device (4): placed between the bottom of the outer protective barrel (1) and the soil thickness simulation barrel (3), and sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation barrel (3); Side seepage water collection device (7): placed outside the outer protective barrel (1) and sealed to the side seepage water pipe (35) through a pipeline; Leakage water extraction and measurement device (5): One branch of its pumping pipeline is connected to a water delivery hose (51), which passes through the gap between the soil thickness simulation bucket (3) and the outer protective bucket (1) and is connected to the leakage water collection device (4) through the hose perforation (61). The water delivery hose (51) and the hose perforation (61) are sealed together. Another branch of its pumping pipeline is connected to a lateral water delivery pipe (54), and the lower end of the lateral water delivery pipe (54) is sealed to the lateral leakage water collection device (7).

2. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leakage water extraction and measurement device (5) includes a water pump (52) and a measuring cylinder (53). The input end of the water pump (52) is connected to the water pumping pipeline, and the output end of the water pump (52) is connected to the measuring cylinder (53) through the water outlet pipe. The water pumping pipeline is connected to the water delivery hose (51) and the side water delivery pipe (54) through a three-way pipe. The water delivery hose (51) and the side water delivery pipe (54) are respectively equipped with control valves.

3. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water collection device (4) includes a funnel-shaped water collector (41) above and a sealed bottle (42) below. The upper edge of the funnel-shaped water collector (41) is sealed to the lower edge of the soil thickness simulation bucket (3). The lower end outlet of the funnel-shaped water collector (41) is sealed to the sealed bottle (42). The sealed bottle (42) is provided with a small water-drawing hole (43). The small water-drawing hole (43) is sealed to the lower end of the water delivery hose (51).

4. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side seepage water collection device (7) is provided with an inlet (71) and a pump (72). The inlet (71) is sealed to the side seepage water guide pipe (35) through a pipeline, and the pump (72) is sealed to the side water conveyance pipe (54).

5. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first stainless steel mesh (33) and the second stainless steel mesh (34) have a mesh size of 40.

6. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil bucket (32) is provided with a handle (36) at the top.

7. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil bucket (32) and the gravel bucket (31) are detachably connected, and the connection edge of the soil bucket (32) and the gravel bucket (31) is sealed.

8. The integrated measurement device for evaporation and seepage in rocky desertified farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support device (2) is also provided inside the outer protective barrel (1); the support device (2) is a support rod that is supported between the bottom of the outer protective barrel (1) and the upper edge of the leakage water collection device (4).

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