Vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC cooperative control

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of liquid flow battery energy storage system, concretely relates to a kind of full vanadium liquid flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control, including battery management module, electric pile management module, bus adaptation module being connected with battery management module and electric pile management module respectively, signal acquisition module being connected with battery management module and electric pile management module, and the execution component module and man-machine interaction module being connected with bus adaptation module.The utility model's full vanadium liquid flow battery management system is responsible for high-frequency data acquisition and complex algorithm operation by battery management module and electric pile management module, bus adaptation module undertakes strong electric control, logic interlock and stable communication, realizes high-precision monitoring operation and high-reliability control, significantly improves system security and operating efficiency, also balances system performance and cost simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of flow battery energy storage system technology, specifically to a vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control. Background Technology

[0002] As the core monitoring unit of an energy storage power station, the performance of the Battery Management System (BMS) directly determines the operating efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of the flow battery system. In the field of flow battery BMS, existing technical solutions mostly adopt a single architecture based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) or Microcontrollers (MCUs). Centralized control systems based on PLC architectures utilize the powerful logic processing capabilities and modular I / O expansion of PLCs to achieve reliable acquisition and control of digital and analog quantities such as electrolyte flow and pressure, resulting in high system stability and reliability. Distributed architectures based on microcontrollers (such as MCUs with ARM Cortex-M series cores) employ multiple STM32 microcontrollers to manage battery modules, fully leveraging the advantages of MCUs in high-speed data acquisition, complex algorithm computation, and low cost.

[0003] However, PLCs typically operate using a cyclic scanning mode, which limits their ability to process analog signals requiring high-speed, high-frequency sampling, such as battery voltage and current. This makes it difficult to achieve high-precision battery state estimation and complex active balancing algorithms. Furthermore, high-end PLCs are expensive, reducing the overall system's cost-effectiveness. Additionally, microcontroller architectures often lag behind dedicated industrial PLCs in stability and anti-interference capabilities when handling large amounts of digital I / O (such as relay, circuit breaker, and contactor status) and achieving stable, multi-protocol communication with upper-level systems (such as PCS and EMS). This leads to reliability challenges in complex industrial environments. In other words, while a single PLC architecture is stable and reliable, it struggles to handle both high-speed data acquisition and complex algorithm calculations, and high-performance PLCs are expensive. Conversely, while a single MCU architecture is low-cost and powerful, it has shortcomings in overall reliability and communication stability in complex industrial environments.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new vanadium redox flow battery management system based on the collaborative control of STM32 and PLC. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control. The battery management module and the stack management module are responsible for high-frequency data acquisition and complex algorithm calculation, while the bus adapter module is responsible for high-voltage control, logic interlocking and stable communication. This achieves high-precision monitoring and calculation and high-reliability control, significantly improving system safety and operating efficiency, while also balancing system performance and cost.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: to provide a vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control, including: a battery management module, a stack management module, a bus adapter module connected to the battery management module and the stack management module respectively, a signal acquisition module connected to the battery management module and the stack management module, an execution component module and a human-machine interaction module connected to the bus adapter module;

[0007] The first input terminal of the battery management module is connected to the first output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the battery management module is connected to the first input terminal of the bus adapter module.

[0008] The first input terminal of the fuel cell stack management module is connected to the second output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the fuel cell stack management module is connected to the second input terminal of the bus adapter module.

[0009] The first output terminal of the signal acquisition module is connected to the second input terminal of the battery management module, and the second output terminal of the signal acquisition module is connected to the second input terminal of the battery stack management module.

[0010] The first input terminal of the execution component module is connected to the third output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the execution component module is connected to the third input terminal of the bus adapter module.

[0011] Furthermore, the first input terminal of the human-computer interaction module is connected to the fourth output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the human-computer interaction module is connected to the fourth input terminal of the bus adapter module.

[0012] Furthermore, the signal acquisition module includes a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure transmitter, a liquid level sensor, and a voltage sensor. The output terminals of the current sensor, the temperature sensor, and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the battery management module.

[0013] Furthermore, the output terminals of the flow sensor, the pressure transmitter, the liquid level sensor, and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the fuel cell stack management module.

[0014] Furthermore, the battery management module includes a BMU controller, which is an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller. The BMU controller has a built-in CAN interface, and the BMU controller and the bus adapter module are connected for bidirectional communication via the CAN bus.

[0015] Furthermore, the fuel cell stack management module includes a BSU controller, which is an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller. The BSU controller has a built-in CAN interface, and the BSU controller and the bus adapter module are connected for bidirectional communication via the CAN bus.

[0016] Furthermore, the bus adapter module includes a BAU controller, a digital input module, a digital output module, and a CAN communication module, wherein the digital input module, the digital output module, and the CAN communication module are respectively connected to the BAU controller.

[0017] Furthermore, the output terminal of the digital input module is connected to the input terminal of the BAU controller for transmitting switching signals;

[0018] The input terminal of the digital output module is connected to the output terminal of the BAU controller to receive control signals;

[0019] The CAN communication module is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller and is used to transmit uplink and downlink data commands;

[0020] The BAU controller is also bidirectionally connected to the human-machine interface module for transmitting real-time data, alarm history, and user operation commands.

[0021] Furthermore, the execution component module includes a main circuit breaker, a contactor, an emergency stop button, an indicator light, and an alarm buzzer;

[0022] The main circuit breaker is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller; the main circuit breaker is connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module to provide feedback on the opening and closing status of the main circuit breaker to the BAU controller.

[0023] The contactor is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and is used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller; the contactor is also connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module and is used to provide feedback to the BAU controller on the contactor's engaged or disengaged state.

[0024] The emergency stop button is connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module and is used to upload the emergency stop signal;

[0025] The indicator lights include a running indicator light and a fault indicator light. The indicator lights are connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and are used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller.

[0026] The alarm buzzer is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and is used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller.

[0027] Furthermore, the vanadium redox flow battery management system also includes a power supply module and an industrial switch. The input terminal of the power supply module is connected to the external mains power, and the output terminal of the power supply module is electrically connected to the bus adapter module, the battery management module, the stack management module, the signal acquisition module, and the execution component module, respectively.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The battery management module and stack management module of the vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control are performed by the STM32 microcontroller for high-frequency data acquisition and complex algorithm calculation, while the bus adapter module is handled by the PLC for high-voltage control, logic interlocking, and stable communication, achieving high-precision monitoring and calculation and high-reliability control, significantly improving system safety and operating efficiency; by dividing the functions of the battery management module, stack management module, and bus adapter module into collaborative tasks, there is no need to use a high-end PLC, and reliable control and communication are only handled by the bus adapter module, balancing system performance and cost, and adopting a modular architecture design to improve system scalability and maintenance convenience. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0032] The component names and their numbers in the diagram are as follows:

[0033] Vanadium redox flow battery management system 100;

[0034] Battery management module 1, BMU controller 11;

[0035] fuel cell stack management module 2, BSU controller 21;

[0036] Bus adapter module 3, BAU controller 31, digital input module 32, digital output module 33, CAN communication module 34;

[0037] Signal acquisition module 4, current sensor 41, temperature sensor 42, flow sensor 43, pressure transmitter 44, liquid level sensor 45; voltage sensor 46.

[0038] Module 5 of the execution component, 51 of the main circuit breaker, 52 of the contactor, 53 of the emergency stop button, 54 of the indicator light, and 55 of the alarm buzzer;

[0039] Human-computer interaction module 6;

[0040] Industrial switch 7. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0042] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "connected to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0045] Throughout this specification, reference to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," or "in some of these embodiments" appear in various places throughout the specification, and not all refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a vanadium redox flow battery management system 100 based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control, including a battery management module 1, a stack management module 2, a bus adapter module 3 connected to the battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2 respectively, a signal acquisition module 4 connected to the battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2, an execution component module 5 connected to the bus adapter module 3, and a human-machine interaction module 6. The first input terminal of the battery management module 1 is connected to the first output terminal of the bus adapter module 3, and the first output terminal of the battery management module 1 is connected to the first input terminal of the bus adapter module 3; the first input terminal of the battery stack management module 2 is connected to the second output terminal of the bus adapter module 3, and the first output terminal of the battery stack management module 2 is connected to the second input terminal of the bus adapter module 3; the first output terminal of the signal acquisition module 4 is connected to the second input terminal of the battery management module 1, and the second output terminal of the signal acquisition module 4 is connected to the second input terminal of the battery stack management module 2; the first input terminal of the execution component module 5 is connected to the third output terminal of the bus adapter module 3, and the first output terminal of the execution component module 5 is connected to the third input terminal of the bus adapter module 3; the first input terminal of the human-machine interaction module 6 is connected to the fourth output terminal of the bus adapter module 3, and the first output terminal of the human-machine interaction module 6 is connected to the fourth input terminal of the bus adapter module 3. Battery management module 1 processes key parameters at the flow battery pack level for battery state estimation and intelligent management, and interacts with bus adapter module 3 for data exchange; stack management module 2 processes key state parameters of the battery stack and electrolyte for logical judgment, and interacts with bus adapter module 3 for data exchange; bus adapter module 3 performs high-reliability logical judgment and control, and handles emergency situations; signal acquisition module 4 collects data information related to the battery and stack; execution component module 5 performs physical actions to adjust the system state, and provides safety alarms and status indications; human-machine interaction module 6 enables users to manually adjust control parameters and visualize data display.

[0047] In some of these embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the signal acquisition module 4 includes a current sensor 41, a temperature sensor 42, a flow sensor 43, a pressure transmitter 44, a level sensor 45, and a voltage sensor 46. The outputs of the current sensor 41 and the temperature sensor 42 are connected to the inputs of the battery management module 1. The current sensor 41 is a CHB-1000SF Hall effect current sensor with a sampling frequency of 0-20kHz and a range of ±1500A. The current sensor 41 provides the battery management module 1 with the total current signal of the battery pack, which is used for subsequent SOC (State of Charge) estimation by the battery management module 1. The temperature sensor 42 is a PT100 temperature sensor with a measurement range of -20℃ to 100℃ and an acquisition accuracy of ±0.5℃. The temperature sensor 42 acquires eight temperature signals for the battery management module 1. The outputs of the flow sensor 43, the pressure transmitter 44, and the level sensor 45 are connected to the inputs of the battery stack management module 2. The flow sensor 43 has a range of 0-60 m³ / h. It collects the positive and negative electrolyte flow rates for the fuel cell stack management module 2 and outputs a 4-20 mA signal to reflect the electrolyte circulation status. The pressure transmitter 44 has a range of 0-300 kPa. It collects the electrolyte pressure for the fuel cell stack management module 2 and outputs a 4-20 mA signal to prevent electrolyte leakage due to excessive pressure. The level sensor 45 collects the electrolyte level signal for the fuel cell stack management module 2. The voltage sensor 46's output is connected to the inputs of both the battery management module 1 and the fuel cell stack management module 2. It collects the battery voltage and feeds it back to the battery management module 1 for subsequent SOC (State of Charge) estimation, and collects the fuel cell stack voltage and feeds it back to the fuel cell stack management module 2. The voltage sensor 46 has a measurement range of 0-300 V and a sampling frequency of 72 MHz.

[0048] In some embodiments, the battery management module 1 includes a BMU (Battery Management Unit) controller 11. The BMU controller 11 uses an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller (MCU) from STMicroelectronics, specifically the STM32F103VET6. The BMU controller 11 has a built-in CAN interface, which enables bidirectional communication between the BMU controller 11 and the bus adapter module 3 via the CAN bus, facilitating bidirectional data exchange. The BMU controller 11 controls the equalization circuit or receives digital status signals through GPIO ports, enabling local execution control and status feedback. The BMU controller 11 is connected to the current sensor 41, temperature sensor 42, and voltage sensor 46 of the signal acquisition module 4, enabling it to acquire battery voltage, one channel of total battery pack current, and eight channels of temperature signals. The acquired analog signals are preprocessed to ensure data fidelity; then, the SOC (State of Charge) is estimated based on a preset SOC estimation method that combines the ampere-hour integration method and the open-circuit voltage method.

[0049] Specifically, the BMU controller 11 of the battery management module 1 can also preset multiple alarm thresholds. For example, when the positive electrolyte temperature is ≥33℃, a cutoff signal is triggered; when 35℃≤positive electrolyte temperature<37℃, a level 3 alarm is triggered; when 37℃≤positive electrolyte temperature<39℃, a level 2 alarm is triggered; and when the positive electrolyte temperature is ≥39℃, a level 1 alarm is triggered. The data collected by the signal acquisition module 4 is used to determine whether an alarm is triggered, and an alarm code is generated. The current, temperature, voltage, SOC value, and alarm code collected by the current sensor 41, temperature sensor 42, and voltage sensor 46 of the signal acquisition module 4 are sent to the bus adapter module 3 via CAN bus / Ethernet. The BMU controller 11 of the battery management module 1 uses an STM32 chip, which can improve the system monitoring accuracy and is superior to the analog signal processing capability of a single PLC architecture. By using the STM32 to handle complex algorithms, the use of expensive high-end PLCs for high-frequency calculations is avoided, thus reducing production costs. By independently acquiring data through the battery management module 1, the bus adapter module 3 can focus on logic control and safety interlocks, avoiding safety risks caused by computational congestion and ensuring the stability of system operation.

[0050] In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack management module 2 includes a BSU (fuel cell stack management unit) controller 21. The BSU controller 21 uses an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller (MCU) from STMicroelectronics, specifically the STM32F103VET6. The BSU controller 21 has a built-in CAN interface, which enables bidirectional communication between the BSU controller 21 and the bus adapter module 3 via a CAN bus, facilitating bidirectional data exchange. The BSU controller 21 is connected to the flow sensor 43, pressure transmitter 44, level sensor 45, and voltage sensor 46 of the signal acquisition module 4, enabling it to acquire electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte pressure, electrolyte level, and fuel cell stack voltage. It preprocesses the acquired analog signals to ensure data fidelity; then, it performs local logic judgment based on preset alarm thresholds and sends the results to the bus adapter module 3. Furthermore, the BSU controller 21 also controls the equalization circuit or receives digital status signals through GPIO ports to achieve local execution control and status feedback.

[0051] Specifically, the BSU controller 21 of the fuel cell stack management module 2 can also preset multiple alarm thresholds. For example, when the fuel cell stack charging voltage is ≥80.6V, a cutoff signal is triggered; when 81.7V≤fuel cell stack charging voltage<82.0V, a level 3 alarm is triggered; when 82.0V≤fuel cell stack charging voltage<82.4V, a level 2 alarm is triggered; and when the fuel cell stack charging voltage is ≥82.4V, a level 1 alarm is triggered. The data collected by the signal acquisition module 4 is used to determine whether an alarm is triggered and an alarm code is generated. The electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte pressure, electrolyte level, fuel cell stack voltage, and alarm code collected by the flow sensor 43, pressure transmitter 44, level sensor 45, and voltage sensor 46 of the signal acquisition module 4 are sent to the bus adapter module 3 via CAN bus / Ethernet. The BSU controller 21 of the fuel cell stack management module 2 uses an STM32 chip, which can improve the monitoring accuracy of electrolyte and fuel cell stack parameters. By using the STM32 chip to handle high-frequency calculations such as electrolyte parameter acquisition and alarm judgment, the use of expensive high-end PLCs is avoided, thus reducing system costs. The BSU controller 21 independently undertakes the acquisition and preliminary judgment of electrolyte and fuel cell stack parameters, allowing the bus adapter module 3 to focus on safety-critical logic such as emergency stop interlocking and main circuit control, ensuring system stability and fuel cell stack life.

[0052] In some embodiments, the bus adapter module 3 includes a BAU (Bus Adapter Unit) controller 31, a digital input module 32, a digital output module 33, and a CAN communication module 34. The BAU controller 31 uses a Xinje XSF5-A32 PLC. The BAU controller 31 has a built-in Ethernet interface, multiple serial ports, and a reserved interface for expansion communication modules. The BAU controller 31 also has built-in libraries for various industrial protocols such as ModbusTCP, ModbusRTU, and CAN. The digital input module 32, digital output module 33, and CAN communication module 34 are connected to the BAU controller 31. The output of the digital input module 32 is connected to the input of the BAU controller 31 for transmitting switch signals; the input of the digital output module 33 is connected to the output of the BAU controller 31 for receiving control signals; the CAN communication module 34 is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller 31 for transmitting uplink and downlink data commands; the BAU controller 31 is also bidirectionally connected to the human-machine interface module 6 for transmitting real-time data, alarm history, and user operation commands. The BAU controller 31 receives data from the battery management module 1 and the fuel cell stack management module 2, and combines this data with the switching signals acquired by the digital input module 32. It then executes preset safety logic, immediately issuing a shutdown command when parameters exceed the cutoff threshold. From the data uploaded by the battery management module 1 and the fuel cell stack management module 2, it extracts key information such as voltage, current, flow rate, SOC, and alarm codes, outputting this information to the human-machine interface module 6 for reading and display. Based on the alarm codes uploaded by the battery management module 1 and the fuel cell stack management module 2, it executes corresponding operations. For level 3 alarms, only the indicator light illuminates and the alarm buzzer is activated; for level 2 alarms, a power reduction command is triggered; and for level 1 alarms and cutoff signals, the main circuit is also disconnected, ensuring precise and safe fault handling. The BAU controller 31 uses a PLC's hard real-time operating system, improving system reliability. Simultaneously, it has simple PLC functional requirements, eliminating the need for a high-end PLC and reducing system costs.

[0053] Specifically, the digital input module 32 uses a Xinje XF-E16X module. The digital input module 32 acquires 16 channels of passive dry contact signals, including the open / closed status of the main circuit breaker, the status of the contactor auxiliary contacts, and the on / off status of the emergency stop button. The output of the digital input module 32 is connected to the input of the BAU controller 31 to transmit switching signals. The processed digital signals are transmitted to the BAU controller 31 via the PLC expansion bus. The digital input module 32 transmits the open / closed status of the main circuit breaker, the status of the contactor auxiliary contacts, and the on / off status of the emergency stop button to the BAU controller 31 via digital signals.

[0054] Specifically, the digital output module 33 adopts the Xinje XF-E16PYT module. The input terminal of the digital output module 33 is connected to the output terminal of the BAU controller 31 to receive control signals. The digital output module 33 is used to receive digital control signals sent by the BAU controller 31 to drive 16 relays to operate and realize the control of the actuators, including: controlling the main circuit circuit breaker to open / close, the contactor to open / close, the fault indicator and running indicator to light up / off, and the alarm buzzer to turn on and off.

[0055] Specifically, the CAN communication module 34 is a Xinje XFC-CAN module. The CAN communication module 34 is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller 31 for transmitting uplink and downlink data commands; the CAN communication module 34 is bidirectionally connected to the BMU controller 11 of the battery management module 1 for exchanging battery parameters and control commands; the CAN communication module 34 is also bidirectionally connected to the BSU controller 21 of the fuel cell stack management module 2 for exchanging electrolyte / fuel cell stack parameters and control commands. By configuring the CAN communication module 34, it can receive battery voltage, current, SOC, temperature, and alarm codes uploaded by the battery management module 1, and receive electrolyte flow rate, pressure, level, fuel cell stack voltage, and alarm codes uploaded by the fuel cell stack management module 2; simultaneously, it can send parameter configuration commands to both the battery management module 1 and the fuel cell stack management module 2. Since the BAU controller 31 is based on a PLC architecture, while the BMU controller 11 and BSU controller 21 are based on an STM32 architecture, the CAN communication module 34 solves the communication problem between the BAU controller 31 and the BMU controller 11 and BSU controller 21. Seamless data interaction among the three is achieved through the CAN protocol, avoiding communication interruptions caused by architecture differences.

[0056] In some embodiments, the execution component module 5 includes a main circuit breaker 51, a contactor 52, an emergency stop button 53, an indicator light 54, and an alarm buzzer 55. The main circuit breaker 51 is a Liangxin NDB1-63D10 / 2P model. The main circuit breaker 51 is connected to the digital output module 33 of the bus adapter module 3, receiving control signals from the digital output module 33 to achieve the closing / opening of the main circuit breaker 51. The main circuit breaker 51 is also connected to the digital input module 32 of the bus adapter module 3, used to provide feedback on the circuit breaker's opening / closing status to the BAU controller 31. The main circuit breaker 51 is used to forcibly disconnect the main circuit under extreme faults such as overcurrent and short circuits, preventing the fault from spreading to the battery pack or stack, and avoiding fire and electrolyte leakage. Contactor 52 is connected to the digital output module 33 of the bus adapter module 3, receiving control signals from the digital output module 33 to activate / disengage the contactor 52. Contactor 52 is also connected to the digital input module 32 of the bus adapter module 3, used to provide feedback on the contactor's activation / disengagement status to the BAU controller 31. Contactor 52 is used to drive the power supply to the electrolyte pump, regulate the electrolyte flow rate, or control the fuel cell branch circuit. It disconnects the contactor upon receiving a first-level alarm or cutoff signal. Emergency stop button 53 is connected to the digital input module 32 of the bus adapter module 3, used to upload an emergency stop signal, triggering the highest-priority shutdown logic of the BAU controller 31. The emergency stop signal input to emergency stop button 53 has higher priority than all other commands, ensuring rapid disconnection of dangerous circuits in any emergency. Indicator lights 54 include running and fault indicators. Indicator lights 54 are connected to the digital output module 33 of the bus adapter module 3, receiving control signals from the digital output module 33 to control the illumination of the running or fault indicator lights, providing visual feedback on the system status. The alarm buzzer 55 is connected to the digital output module 33 of the bus adapter module 3, and receives the control signal output by the digital output module 33 to start and stop the alarm buzzer 55, thus realizing the fault sound alarm.

[0057] In some embodiments, the human-machine interface module 6 uses a touchscreen of model Kunlun Tongtai TPC1031Nt. The human-machine interface module 6 is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller 31 of the bus adapter module 3, used to transmit user operation commands to the BAU controller 31 and to display real-time data, alarm records, and system status sent by the BAU controller 31 through the human-machine interface module 6. The human-machine interface module 6 can display real-time operating data and historical data and alarm records, while also supporting user input for parameter configuration and manual control. Through its bidirectional connection with the bus adapter module 3, the human-machine interface module 6 transforms the raw data collected by the battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2, and the logical results processed by the bus adapter module 3, into an intuitive graphical interface, avoiding the need for operators to rely on specialized equipment to read parameters and lowering the monitoring threshold. Simultaneously, the human-machine interface module 6 provides users with a safe and convenient operation channel, meeting manual intervention needs. Operators can also observe abnormal parameters through the human-machine interface module 6 and promptly perform manual intervention.

[0058] In some embodiments, the vanadium redox flow battery management system 100 based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control also includes a power supply module and an industrial switch 7. The power supply module supplies power to the entire system, and the industrial switch 7 is used for communication connections with external energy storage converters (PCS) and energy management systems (EMS).

[0059] In some embodiments, the power supply module is a Mean Well UHP-350R-24 model, with an input of AC220V and an output of DC24V / 14.6A. The input of the power supply module is connected to external AC mains power, and the output is electrically connected to the bus adapter module 3, battery management module 1, fuel cell stack management module 2, signal acquisition module 4, and execution unit module 5, respectively. The power supply module provides DC24V operating power to the bus adapter module 3, battery management module 1, and fuel cell stack management module 2, and provides DC24V drive power or operating power to the signal acquisition module 4 and execution unit module 5. By using a power supply module, a single power source can be provided, reducing system costs.

[0060] In some embodiments, the industrial switch 7 is a Dongtu Opal5-5T-LV-LV model. The industrial switch 7 is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller 31 of the bus adapter module 3 for transmitting system status data and receiving upper-layer commands. The industrial switch 7 is also bidirectionally connected to the external energy storage converter (PCS) and energy management system (EMS) for forwarding SOC, fuel cell stack parameters, and alarm information uploaded by the bus adapter module 3, and for receiving charging and discharging commands issued by the energy management system. In other words, the industrial switch 7 receives Modbus TCP data packets sent by the BAU controller 31 via the Ethernet port and forwards them to the upper-layer energy storage converter (PCS) and energy management system (EMS); simultaneously, it receives charging and discharging power commands and start / stop commands issued by the energy storage converter (PCS) and energy management system (EMS) and forwards them to the BAU controller 31.

[0061] Furthermore, the industrial switch 7 is also electrically connected to the power supply module, which provides operating power to the industrial switch 7.

[0062] This utility model discloses a vanadium redox flow battery management system 100 based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control. It includes a battery management module 1, a stack management module 2, a bus adapter module 3 connected to both the battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2, a signal acquisition module 4 connected to both the battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2, an execution component module 5 connected to the bus adapter module 3, and a human-machine interface module 6. The battery management module 1 processes key parameters at the flow battery pack level for battery state estimation and intelligent management, and interacts with the bus adapter module 3. The stack management module 2 processes key state parameters of the battery stack and electrolyte for logical judgment, and interacts with the bus adapter module 3. The bus adapter module 3 performs highly reliable logical judgments and control, and handles emergency situations. The signal acquisition module 4 collects data related to the battery and stack. The execution component module 5 performs physical actions to adjust the system state, and provides safety alarms and status indications. The human-machine interface module 6 enables users to manually adjust control parameters and displays data visually. This utility model discloses a vanadium redox flow battery management system 100 based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control. The battery management module 1 and the stack management module 2 are performed by the STM32 microcontroller for high-frequency data acquisition and complex algorithm calculation. The bus adapter module 3 is handled by the PLC for high-voltage control, logic interlocking, and stable communication, achieving high-precision monitoring and calculation and high-reliability control, significantly improving system safety and operating efficiency. By dividing the functions of the battery management module 1, the stack management module 2, and the bus adapter module 3 into collaborative modules, there is no need to use a high-end PLC. Reliable control and communication are handled only by the bus adapter module 3, balancing system performance and cost. At the same time, the modular architecture design improves system scalability and maintenance convenience.

[0063] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control, characterized in that, include: A battery management module, a battery stack management module, a bus adapter module connected to the battery management module and the battery stack management module respectively, a signal acquisition module connected to the battery management module and the battery stack management module, an execution component module and a human-machine interaction module connected to the bus adapter module; The first input terminal of the battery management module is connected to the first output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the battery management module is connected to the first input terminal of the bus adapter module. The first input terminal of the fuel cell stack management module is connected to the second output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the fuel cell stack management module is connected to the second input terminal of the bus adapter module. The first output terminal of the signal acquisition module is connected to the second input terminal of the battery management module, and the second output terminal of the signal acquisition module is connected to the second input terminal of the battery stack management module. The first input terminal of the execution component module is connected to the third output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the execution component module is connected to the third input terminal of the bus adapter module.

2. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first input terminal of the human-computer interaction module is connected to the fourth output terminal of the bus adapter module, and the first output terminal of the human-computer interaction module is connected to the fourth input terminal of the bus adapter module.

3. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition module includes a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure transmitter, a level sensor, and a voltage sensor. The output terminals of the current sensor, the temperature sensor, and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the battery management module.

4. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The output terminals of the flow sensor, the pressure transmitter, the level sensor, and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the fuel cell stack management module.

5. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management module includes a BMU controller, which is an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller. The BMU controller has a built-in CAN interface, and the BMU controller and the bus adapter module are connected for bidirectional communication via the CAN bus.

6. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack management module includes a BSU controller, which is an STM32F1 series industrial-grade microcontroller. The BSU controller has a built-in CAN interface, and the BSU controller and the bus adapter module are connected for bidirectional communication via the CAN bus.

7. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bus adapter module includes a BAU controller, a digital input module, a digital output module, and a CAN communication module. The digital input module, the digital output module, and the CAN communication module are respectively connected to the BAU controller.

8. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The output terminal of the digital input module is connected to the input terminal of the BAU controller for transmitting switch signals; The input terminal of the digital output module is connected to the output terminal of the BAU controller to receive control signals; The CAN communication module is bidirectionally connected to the BAU controller and is used to transmit uplink and downlink data commands; The BAU controller is also bidirectionally connected to the human-machine interface module for transmitting real-time data, alarm history, and user operation commands.

9. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The execution component module includes a main circuit breaker, a contactor, an emergency stop button, an indicator light, and an alarm buzzer; The main circuit breaker is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller; the main circuit breaker is connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module to provide feedback on the opening and closing status of the main circuit breaker to the BAU controller. The contactor is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and is used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller; the contactor is also connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module and is used to provide feedback to the BAU controller on the contactor's engaged or disengaged state. The emergency stop button is connected to the digital input module of the bus adapter module and is used to upload the emergency stop signal; The indicator lights include a running indicator light and a fault indicator light. The indicator lights are connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and are used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller. The alarm buzzer is connected to the digital output module of the bus adapter module and is used to receive and execute the control signals output by the BAU controller.

10. The all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on STM32 and PLC collaborative control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vanadium redox flow battery management system also includes a power supply module and an industrial switch. The input of the power supply module is connected to the external mains power, and the output of the power supply module is electrically connected to the bus adapter module, the battery management module, the stack management module, the signal acquisition module, and the execution component module, respectively.

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