circuit breaker

Abstract

The application provides a circuit breaker, comprising: a motor, a control circuit connected with the motor, a drive module for opening and closing, and an interlocking control module; the motor is controlled by a bidirectional polarity power supply; the interlocking control module comprises an automatic micro switch and a manual micro switch; the control circuit comprises a plurality of diodes, the plurality of diodes form a conduction loop to provide a unidirectional polarity voltage to the motor; the drive module for opening and closing is used to drive the contact of the circuit breaker to act when the state of the automatic micro switch and / or the manual micro switch changes, so that the motor is powered to perform opening and closing, and through the cooperative control of the automatic micro switch and the manual micro switch in the interlocking control module, the conduction loop simplifies the mechanical structure while retaining the manual operation function, and has the advantages of improving the reliability of the equipment and realizing intelligent state monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical technology, specifically to a circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] In the pursuit of miniaturization, convenience, and intelligence, existing 1U circuit breakers often retain only automatic opening and closing functions, sacrificing manual opening and closing capabilities. While this design achieves product compactness, it presents significant reliability issues in practical applications. When the automatic opening and closing device malfunctions or fails, the lack of manual operation prevents users from restoring power in a timely manner, severely impacting the stable operation of the power system. Furthermore, existing circuit breakers that combine automatic and manual opening and closing functions often have overly complex structural designs, increasing manufacturing costs and making it difficult to control product size, contradicting the current trend of miniaturization in power equipment. Regarding intelligence, existing circuit breakers are functionally limited, lacking real-time monitoring and protection capabilities for operational status, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern power systems for equipment intelligence, especially in critical areas such as motor control, current discharge, and condition detection. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a circuit breaker that retains manual opening and closing functions while simplifying the structure, improving reliability, and enabling intelligent control.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker comprising: a motor, a control circuit connected to the motor, a switching drive module, and an interlock control module; the motor is controlled by a bidirectional polarity power supply; the interlock control module includes an automatic micro switch and a manual micro switch;

[0005] The control circuit includes multiple diodes, which form a conduction loop to provide a unidirectional voltage to the motor.

[0006] The circuit breaker opening and closing drive module is used to energize the motor to perform opening and closing operations and drive the contacts of the circuit breaker to move when the state of the automatic micro switch and / or the manual micro switch changes.

[0007] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker includes a discharge circuit; the discharge circuit includes a plurality of resistors, each of which is connected in parallel with the motor;

[0008] The discharge circuit is used to discharge the coil current in the motor after the motor is powered off.

[0009] In one embodiment, the plurality of diodes includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, and a sixth diode; a first terminal of the motor is connected to the cathodes of the first diode, the second diode, and the third diode, respectively; a second terminal of the motor is connected to the anodes of the fourth diode, the fifth diode, and the sixth diode, respectively; and the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the bidirectional power supply.

[0010] The automatic micro switch includes a first contact, a third contact, and a second contact; the first contact is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply.

[0011] The manual micro switch includes a fourth contact, a sixth contact, and a fifth contact; the fourth contact is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply.

[0012] The circuit breaker opening and closing drive module is further configured to, during the process of the circuit breaker performing opening and closing, when the state of the automatic micro switch and / or the manual micro switch changes, drive the second contact to connect to the cathode of the fourth diode and the fifth contact to connect to the cathode of the sixth diode, or drive the third contact to connect to the anode of the first diode and the sixth contact to connect to the anode of the third diode.

[0013] The manual micro switch changes state when the circuit breaker begins to open or close, and the automatic micro switch changes state after a preset time.

[0014] In one embodiment, the interlock control module is configured such that when an external device connected to the circuit breaker is in a closed state, the first contact and the second contact are in a conductive state; the fourth contact and the fifth contact are in a conductive state; if the external device performs a tripping operation, the supply voltage at the second terminal of the bidirectional power supply is greater than the supply voltage at the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply, and the motor is energized; during the tripping process of the external device, the fourth contact and the sixth contact are in a conductive state; after the preset time, the first contact and the third contact are in a conductive state, and the motor loses power and stops working.

[0015] In one embodiment, the interlock control module is further configured to: when an external device connected to the circuit breaker is in an open state, the first contact and the third contact are in a conductive state; the fourth contact and the sixth contact are in a conductive state; if the external device performs a closing operation, the supply voltage at the first end of the bidirectional power supply is greater than the supply voltage at the second end of the bidirectional power supply, and the motor is energized; during the closing process of the external device, the fourth contact and the fifth contact are in a conductive state; after the preset time, the first contact and the second contact are in a conductive state.

[0016] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker further includes a detection module for acquiring parameters related to the circuit breaker and controlling the electrical signal of the circuit breaker based on the parameters to protect the circuit breaker.

[0017] In one embodiment, the circuit breaker further includes a light-emitting diode circuit; the first terminal of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply, and is used to display the first state of the circuit breaker being closed or the second state of the circuit breaker being open.

[0018] In one embodiment, the detection module includes a temperature detection component; the temperature detection component includes a thermistor, a temperature detection interface, and a first analog-to-digital converter; the second terminal of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first terminal of the thermistor; the second terminal of the thermistor is connected to the temperature detection interface; the temperature detection interface is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter.

[0019] The first analog-to-digital converter is used to obtain the resistance value of the thermistor and determine the temperature of the circuit breaker based on the resistance value of the thermistor.

[0020] In one embodiment, the detection module further includes a switch status detection component; the switch status detection component includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a switch status detection interface; a first end of the first resistor is connected to a first end of the contact of the circuit breaker, a second end of the first resistor is connected to a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the switch status detection interface;

[0021] The switch status detection interface is used to acquire the level signal of the circuit breaker and determine the closed state of the contacts based on the level signal.

[0022] In one embodiment, the detection module further includes a capacity detection component; the capacity detection component includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a capacity detection interface, and a second analog-to-digital converter; a first end of the third resistor is connected to a second end of the circuit breaker contact, a second end of the third resistor is connected to a first end of the fourth resistor, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the capacity detection interface; the capacity detection interface is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter.

[0023] The second analog-to-digital converter is used to acquire the electrical signal of the capacity detection interface and determine the capacity of the circuit breaker based on the electrical signal.

[0024] In one embodiment, the detection module further includes a current detection component connected to the incoming and outgoing terminals of the circuit breaker for detecting the current flowing through the circuit breaker.

[0025] In one embodiment, the plurality of resistors includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor; the fifth resistor, the sixth resistor, the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor, the ninth resistor, the tenth resistor, the eleventh resistor, and the twelfth resistor are all connected in parallel with the motor.

[0026] The circuit breaker provided in this application embodiment, through the circuit breaker and its control circuit, opening and closing drive module and interlock control module, through the coordinated control of automatic micro switch and manual micro switch in the interlock control module, combined with the conduction circuit to realize motor polarity switching, simplifies the mechanical structure while retaining the manual operation function, and has the advantages of improving equipment reliability and realizing intelligent status monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a circuit breaker provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the circuit breaker in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario of the circuit breaker in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 4Another schematic diagram of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a light-emitting diode circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use this application. In the following description, details are set forth for illustrative purposes. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be described in detail to avoid unnecessary detail that would obscure the description of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules, but may optionally include steps or modules not listed, or may optionally include other steps or modules inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0039] In this article, "first terminal," "second terminal," "third terminal," "fourth terminal," etc., are used to describe the ports where a circuit (or a sub-circuit or a circuit branch) connects to other circuits (or sub-circuits or circuit branches), or to describe the ports where electrical signals are received by a circuit (or a sub-circuit or a circuit branch). Different circuits (or sub-circuits or circuit branches) may have ports for external connection. Here, for each circuit (or sub-circuit or circuit branch), the ports used to control whether the circuit (or sub-circuit or circuit branch) operates are named using terms such as "control terminal," and other included ports are distinguished by the naming convention of first terminal, second terminal, etc. In the following descriptions, when referring to the first, second, or third terminal of a circuit (or sub-circuit or circuit branch), the above description can be used as a reference, and further elaboration will not be repeated.

[0040] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily imply that all embodiments are the same, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In one embodiment, this application provides a circuit breaker, such as... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker provided in an embodiment of this application; the circuit breaker 100 includes: a motor P1, a control circuit 101 connected to the motor P1, a tripping drive module 102, and an interlocking control module 103; the motor P1 is controlled by a bidirectional polarity power supply (e.g., Figure 1 The power supply provides voltages V1 and V2; the interlock control module 103 includes an automatic micro switch SW1 and a manual micro switch SW2.

[0042] The control circuit 101 includes multiple diodes that form a conduction loop to provide a unidirectional voltage to the motor P1.

[0043] The circuit breaker 100 contactor is driven by the opening and closing drive module 102, which energizes the motor P1 to perform opening and closing operations and drives the contacts of the circuit breaker 100 to operate when the state of the automatic micro switch SW1 and / or the manual micro switch SW2 changes.

[0044] Among them, a bidirectional power supply can be a power supply device capable of outputting both positive and negative polarities. Specifically, it can be implemented using a dual-winding transformer in conjunction with a bridge rectifier circuit to provide a unidirectional drive voltage to the motor. For example... Figure 1 V1 and V2 in the circuit. The conduction loop of the control circuit 101 can be a current-directing network composed of semiconductor devices, used to provide unidirectional operating voltage to the motor P1. The opening and closing drive module 102 can be a drive system including an electromagnetic relay and a logic control unit, such as using a double-contact relay group, which controls the current path switching after detecting a change in the state of the microswitch. The preset time in the interlock control module 103 can be implemented by an RC delay circuit or a digital timer, such as using a timing chip to set a delay range of 10ms to 20ms, ensuring that manual operation is executed first and then automatic control intervenes. The circuit breaker can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here. As an example, the circuit breaker can be a 1U circuit breaker. Multiple diodes forming a conduction loop can be understood as multiple diodes forming a unidirectional conduction loop.

[0045] Specifically, when the automatic microswitch SW2 switches its contact position, the opening / closing drive module 102 immediately changes the contact connection state, enabling the motor P1 to receive a positive voltage and start rotating. At this time, the diode group in the conduction circuit forms a unidirectional conduction path; for example, the second diode D2 and the sixth diode D6 conduct to form a current loop. After a preset time, when the automatic microswitch SW1 switches its contact position, the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4 conduct to form a current loop, and the motor continues to operate under power. This time-sharing control mechanism staggers the timing of manual and automatic operations, avoiding power polarity conflicts. The rotational motion of the motor is converted into linear motion through a gearbox, driving the contacts to complete the opening or closing action. As an example, even without an opening drive module, the state change of the microswitch can still be achieved. For instance, in the product structure, the motor rotation drives the gear, the gear drives the pressure rod, and the pressure rod achieves the state change of the two microswitches.

[0046] This application replaces the traditional mechanical interlocking device with electrical timing control, eliminating the complex lever linkage structure. The coordinated operation of the conduction circuit and dual microswitches enables bidirectional control of a single motor, significantly reducing space requirements compared to dual-motor solutions. A preset time delay mechanism ensures priority for manual operation, allowing for forced switching of the circuit state via a physical switch even in the event of automatic control failure. Thus, this application effectively solves the structural complexity problem caused by dual-mode operation, integrating automatic and manual opening and closing functions while maintaining a standard 1U size. Intelligent switching of the current path avoids increased power consumption from two independent control systems, and preset time control prevents the risk of short circuits caused by misoperation. This design allows the circuit breaker to quickly restore power via a physical switch even in the event of automatic control failure, significantly improving the emergency response capability of the power protection system.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 The circuit breaker includes a discharge circuit 104; the discharge circuit 104 includes multiple resistors, each of which is connected in parallel with the motor P1.

[0048] The discharge circuit 104 is used to discharge the coil current in motor P1 after the motor P1 is de-energized.

[0049] The discharge circuit 104 can be a current release path composed of multiple resistors, specifically metal film resistors or carbon film resistors, connected in parallel across the motor P1 to form a low-impedance path. The resistance value can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here. As an example, a combination of 20-ohm resistors can be used to quickly dissipate the electromagnetic energy stored in the coil when the motor P1 is de-energized, so that the motor P1 can stop quickly when the power is off.

[0050] Specifically, when motor P1 is de-energized, the residual current in the coil forms a closed path through the parallel discharge circuit 104. Multiple resistors are connected in parallel across motor P1, forming an equivalent low-resistance path, allowing the coil current to dissipate as heat through the resistors. For example, after the opening and closing operation is completed, the control circuit cuts off the motor power supply. At this time, the resistors in the discharge circuit 104 immediately provide a discharge path for the coil current, preventing back electromotive force from being generated due to sudden current changes. This process is automatically triggered by the physical connection relationship, without the need for additional control signals.

[0051] As an example, there can be eight resistors. When the motor is powered off, there will be a braking distance due to the presence of the coil. The eight resistors are used to consume power. The resistors are connected in parallel, so the resistance value is small and the power consumption is fast.

[0052] This application utilizes a parallel resistor to actively discharge current, eliminating the need for complex control logic and avoiding the increased size associated with discrete discharge circuits. Thus, this application effectively solves the voltage surge problem caused by residual coil current after circuit breaker opening and closing. Improvements in physical structure enable rapid current discharge, enhancing the circuit breaker's operational stability and electrical life. Furthermore, the discharge circuit structure is simple and compact, meeting the miniaturization requirements of circuit breakers.

[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, multiple diodes include a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, and a sixth diode D6; the first terminal 1 of the motor P1 is connected to the cathodes of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, and the third diode D3, respectively; the second terminal 2 of the motor P1 is connected to the anodes of the fourth diode D4, the fifth diode D5, and the sixth diode D6, respectively; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional power supply.

[0054] The automatic micro switch SW1 includes a first contact 1, a third contact 3, and a second contact 2; the first contact is connected to the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional polarity power supply; wherein, the first contact 1 is the common terminal.

[0055] The manual micro switch SW2 includes a fourth contact 4, a sixth contact 6, and a fifth contact 5; the fourth contact is connected to the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional polarity power supply; wherein, the fourth contact 4 is the common terminal.

[0056] The circuit breaker opening and closing drive module 102 is also used to drive the second contact 2 to connect to the cathode of the fourth diode D4 and the fifth contact 5 to connect to the cathode of the sixth diode D6, or drive the third contact 3 to connect to the anode of the first diode D1 and drive the sixth contact 6 to connect to the anode of the third diode D3, when the state of the automatic micro switch SW1 and / or the manual micro switch SW2 changes during the circuit breaker's opening and closing process.

[0057] The automatic microswitch can be a mechanical switch with a common terminal and two contacts, specifically implemented using a spring-reset microswitch, used to switch the circuit connection state during opening and closing operations. The manual microswitch can be an operating switch with an independent common terminal and contacts, specifically implemented using a push-button microswitch, used to trigger opening and closing signals upon manual intervention. The opening and closing drive module can be a logic control unit based on switch state changes, specifically implemented using relays or semiconductor switching devices, used to control the current path according to the switch contact state combination.

[0058] Specifically, when the circuit breaker performs a closing operation, the manual micro switch SW2 first switches to connect the fourth contact 4 and the fifth contact 5. At this time, the fifth contact 5 is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode D6 to form a current loop, and the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional power supply supplies power to the motor P1 through the second diode D2. After a preset time, the automatic micro switch SW1 switches to connect the first contact 1 and the second contact 2. The second contact 2 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4 to form a freewheeling path, ensuring that the power is cut off in time after the motor completes its operation. During the opening process, the manual micro switch SW2 switches to connect the fourth contact 4 and the sixth contact 6. The sixth contact 6 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3. At the same time, the automatic micro switch SW1 switches to connect the first contact 1 and the third contact 3. The third contact 3 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 to form a reverse current loop, and the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional power supply supplies power to the motor through the first diode D1 to drive the opening.

[0059] As an example, during the circuit breaker's opening and closing process, the manual microswitch SW2 changes its state first, for example, after a few milliseconds. Then, the automatic microswitch SW1 changes its state. During this process, the change of state of either microswitch will energize the motor P1 to perform the opening and closing. This scheme achieves a situation where automatic and manual opening and closing do not interfere with each other.

[0060] This application constructs a conduction circuit using six diodes, combined with a timing switching mechanism of dual microswitches, enabling bidirectional drive with only a single power supply. Furthermore, it achieves interlocking logic for automatic and manual operation through contact state combination control, eliminating the need for additional interlocking components. Thus, this application effectively solves the circuit conflict problem when automatic and manual opening and closing functions coexist. The unidirectional conduction characteristic of diodes simplifies the power supply control structure, and the timing switching of microswitches achieves seamless switching of operating modes, significantly reducing the internal space occupied by the circuit breaker while ensuring reliability.

[0061] In one embodiment, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the circuit breaker in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the interlock control module 103 is used to ensure that when an external device connected to the circuit breaker is in the closed state, the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are in a conductive state; the fourth contact 2 and the fifth contact 5 are in a conductive state; if the external device performs a tripping operation, the supply voltage of the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional power supply is greater than the supply voltage of the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional power supply, and the motor P1 continues to be energized; during the tripping process of the external device, the fourth contact 2 and the sixth contact 6 are in a conductive state; after a preset time, the first contact 1 and the third contact 3 are in a conductive state, and the motor P1 loses power and stops working. This loss of power to the motor P1 can be understood as the motor P1 losing power and stopping rotation.

[0062] The interlock control module 103 can be a logic unit that controls the circuit's on / off state through a combination of an automatic microswitch SW1 and a manual microswitch SW2. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of mechanical contacts and electromagnetic drive, used to switch the conductive path when the external device's state changes. The conducting state can be the state where the circuit connection forms a closed loop, specifically achieved through metal contact or relay activation, used to ensure current flows in a specific path. The power supply voltage can be the potential difference at the power supply terminal that provides working energy to the motor, specifically achieved using a DC regulated power supply or a battery pack, used to drive the motor to perform opening and closing actions. The preset time can be a pre-set time interval, specifically achieved through a mechanical delay mechanism or an electronic timer, used to control the timing of switch state switching.

[0063] Specifically, when the external device is in the closed state, the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are connected, and the fourth contact 4 and the fifth contact 5 are connected. At this time, the voltage at the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional power supply is higher than that at the second terminal V2. The voltage at the V1 terminal is reverse-cut off through D4 and D6, causing the motor P1 to be de-energized. When the external device triggers the tripping operation, the voltage at the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional power supply is set to rise and exceed that at the first terminal V1. At this time, the two connected contacts form a circuit, and the current on V2 returns to V1 through D2, P1, D6, D4, and the two microswitches, causing the motor P1 to be energized and start the tripping action. After a preset time, the first contact 1 switches to be connected to the third contact 3, and the fourth contact 4 resumes to be connected to the fifth contact 6. The voltage at the V2 terminal is reverse-cut off through D3 and D1, and a circuit is not formed, causing the motor P1 to be de-energized and stop working. Thus, through the timing switching of the interlock control module, the circuit is ensured to be reset in time after the tripping operation is completed, avoiding overheating or malfunction caused by continuous power to the motor.

[0064] As an example, the circuit breaker is in the closed state, and both the automatic microswitch SW1 and the manual microswitch SW2 are pressed, with pins 1 and 2, and pins 4 and 5 conducting. Now, an external device needs to perform a tripping operation. V2 is powered by +12V, and V1 is powered by 0V. Figure 2 The circuit is marked with a thick black line. Motor P1 is energized and begins to rotate, initiating the tripping action. During the circuit breaker tripping process, SW2 is released first (pins 4 and 6 are connected), while S1 remains pressed, and motor P1 continues to rotate. When the circuit breaker reaches the tripped position, both SW2 and SW1 are restored (pins 1 and 3 are connected), motor P1 loses power and stops rotating, thus completing the tripping process.

[0065] This application, through preset timing coordination, ensures that the contact switching of the automatic and manual microswitches strictly follows the tripping operation cycle. Simultaneously, it utilizes the voltage polarity change of a bidirectional power supply as the state switching trigger condition, simplifying the mechanical linkage structure. Thus, this application can precisely control the motor's operating time when external equipment trips, avoiding false triggering due to contact sticking or voltage fluctuations. Furthermore, interlocking logic eliminates conflicts between automatic and manual operations, ensuring that the motor power supply is only cut off after the tripping process is reliably completed, thereby improving the circuit breaker's operational safety and system stability.

[0066] In one embodiment, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another application scenario of the circuit breaker in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the interlock control module 103 is also used to ensure that when the external device connected to the circuit breaker is in the open state, the first contact 1 and the third contact 3 are in the conducting state; the fourth contact 4 and the sixth contact 6 are in the conducting state; if the external device performs a closing operation, the supply voltage of the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional polarity power supply is greater than the supply voltage of the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional polarity power supply, and the motor P1 is energized and operates; during the closing process of the external device, the fourth contact 4 and the fifth contact 5 are in the conducting state; after a preset time, the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 are in the conducting state, and at this time, due to the reverse cut-off effect of D4 and D6, the motor P1 is de-energized and stops running.

[0067] The interlock control module can be a device that switches operating modes via mechanical contact switching. Specifically, it can be implemented using a dual-contact microswitch in conjunction with a conduction circuit, ensuring electrical isolation between manual and automatic operations. The bidirectional power supply can be a power supply unit capable of outputting both positive and negative polarity voltages. Specifically, it can be implemented using a dual-winding transformer in conjunction with a bridge rectifier circuit, providing the voltage difference required for motor drive. The preset time can be the delay period required for operating mode switching, specifically the duration corresponding to the movement stroke of the mechanical transmission components. Its function is to ensure that the control circuit state is switched only after the contacts have reached their designated positions.

[0068] Specifically, when the external device is in the open state, the first contact 1 and the third contact 3 remain connected, and the fourth contact 4 and the sixth contact 6 remain connected. At this time, the voltage at the second terminal V2 of the bidirectional power supply rises and exceeds that at the first terminal V1, and the conducting circuit is in the closed state. When the external device performs a closing operation, the voltage at the first terminal V1 of the bidirectional power supply is set to be higher than that at the second terminal V2. At this time, the two connected contacts form a circuit, and the current on V1 returns to V2 through the two contacts, D3, D1, P1, and D5, so that the motor P1 is energized and begins to close. After a preset time, the first contact 1 switches to be connected to the third contact 2, and the fourth contact 4 resumes being connected to the fifth contact 5. The circuit is reversed and cut off through D4 and D6, so that the motor P1 is de-energized and stops working. Thus, through the timing switching of the interlock control module, the circuit is ensured to be reset in time after the closing operation is completed, avoiding overheating or malfunction caused by continuous power to the motor.

[0069] As an example, the circuit breaker is in the open position, both SW1 and SW2 microswitches are released, and pins 1 and 3, as well as pins 4 and 6, are conductive. Now, an external device needs to perform a closing operation. V2 is powered at 0V, and V1 is powered at +12V. Figure 3 The circuit is marked with a thick black line, indicating that motor P1 is energized and starts rotating. During the circuit breaker closing process, SW2 is pressed first, while SW1 remains released, and motor P1 continues to rotate. When the circuit breaker reaches the closed position, SW2 is pressed, and SW1 is also pressed, causing motor P1 to lose power and stop rotating.

[0070] This application achieves dual-mode control under a single circuit by reusing the conduction circuit and bidirectional power supply and utilizing contact state timing switching. In this way, the application effectively solves the electrical conflict problem between manual and automatic operation modes. A pre-conduction path is established in the open state, and the closing action is triggered by voltage polarity switching. After the operation is completed, it automatically switches to the steady-state circuit, ensuring operational reliability and avoiding the use of additional control components.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of a circuit breaker provided in an embodiment of this application; the circuit breaker also includes a detection module 105, used to acquire parameters related to the circuit breaker, and control the electrical signal of the circuit breaker based on the parameters to protect the circuit breaker.

[0072] The detection module 105 can be a unit for real-time acquisition of circuit breaker operating status data. Specifically, it can be implemented using temperature detection components, switch status detection components, capacity detection components, or current detection components, achieving comprehensive protection functions through multi-dimensional parameter acquisition. Parameters can be physical quantities reflecting the circuit breaker's operating status, specifically including temperature signals, contact closure signals, capacity decay signals, or current fluctuation signals, used to characterize the internal operating state of the circuit breaker. Electrical signals can be processable electrical quantities after signal conditioning; specifically, an analog-to-digital converter can be used to convert analog signals into digital signals, facilitating logical judgment by the microprocessor. The protection function can achieve safety protection by cutting off the power supply circuit or triggering an alarm mechanism. Specifically, it can automatically cut off the motor power supply circuit when overload, short circuit, or abnormal temperature rise is detected.

[0073] Specifically, the detection module 105 monitors the internal temperature changes of the circuit breaker in real time through a temperature detection component. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, it sends an interrupt signal to the control circuit to cut off the power supply to the motor. The switch status detection component collects contact position signals through a resistor divider circuit to determine the open / closed status of the circuit breaker. The capacity detection component samples the contact resistance using a resistor network, facilitating the host computer's determination of the circuit breaker's rated current. The current detection component is connected across the power supply circuit to monitor operating current fluctuations in real time and immediately performs power-off protection in the event of a short-circuit fault. The signals output by each detection component are transmitted to the main control unit after analog-to-digital conversion, forming a closed-loop feedback control mechanism.

[0074] This application integrates multiple types of detection components to construct a three-dimensional monitoring system covering temperature, electrical parameters, and mechanical status, solving the problems of low intelligence and delayed fault response in traditional circuit breakers. Thus, this application achieves real-time monitoring and intelligent protection of the circuit breaker's operating status, effectively preventing equipment damage caused by overload, poor contact, or component aging, and significantly improving the circuit breaker's safety protection level and operational reliability. In the event of an abnormal condition, it can quickly disconnect the faulty circuit and issue a warning signal to prevent the accident from escalating, while providing maintenance personnel with accurate fault diagnosis information.

[0075] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting diode circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; the circuit breaker also includes a light-emitting diode circuit; the first terminal of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first terminal V1 of a bidirectional power supply, and is used to display the first state of the circuit breaker being closed or the second state of the circuit breaker being open.

[0076] The LED circuit can be an indicator loop consisting of at least one light-emitting element, specifically implemented using a combination of LEDs of different colors. For example, a green LED corresponds to the closed state, and a red LED corresponds to the open state. This circuit receives a voltage signal from a bidirectional power supply, triggering the corresponding colored LED to illuminate, thus visually reflecting the circuit breaker's operating status.

[0077] The first terminal of a bidirectional power supply can be a power supply port with positive and negative polarity switching function, which can be implemented using a dual-channel DC power supply or a polarity switching circuit. This power supply changes the polarity of the output voltage to provide different conduction conditions for the LED circuit, thereby controlling the on / off state of different indicator lights.

[0078] Specifically, the second terminal of the LED circuit is connected to the second terminal of the bidirectional power supply via a current-limiting resistor. When the circuit breaker is in the closed state, the voltage at the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply is higher than that at the second terminal, and current flows through the green LED, illuminating it. When the circuit breaker switches to the open state, the power supply polarity reverses, the voltage at the second terminal is higher than that at the first terminal, and current flows through the red LED, illuminating it. The two light-emitting circuits are physically isolated by the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, preventing false triggering. When the circuit is operating, the operator can directly determine the current status of the circuit breaker by observing the emitted light color, without the need for external detection equipment. As an example, the LED circuit includes an LED light indicating the circuit breaker status; the LED light illuminates when the circuit breaker is in the closed state.

[0079] This application directly drives LEDs of different colors by changing the polarity of the power supply bidirectionally, achieving independent dual-state indication while maintaining a compact structure. This solves the cost increase problem caused by the need for additional signal processing circuits in traditional solutions. Thus, this application provides real-time visual feedback on the circuit breaker's operating status, allowing operators to quickly identify the closed or open state at the equipment's operating site, avoiding misoperation due to misjudgment of the status. Simultaneously, the LED circuit is directly driven by the change in power supply polarity, eliminating the need for an additional independent control module, improving the reliability of status indication while maintaining the simplicity of the overall circuit breaker structure.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the detection module 105 includes a temperature detection component 1051; the temperature detection component 1051 includes a thermistor NTC, a temperature detection interface, and a first analog-to-digital converter; the second terminal of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first terminal of the thermistor NTC; the second terminal of the thermistor NTC is connected to the temperature detection interface; the temperature detection interface is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter.

[0081] A first analog-to-digital converter is used to obtain the resistance value of the thermistor and determine the temperature of the circuit breaker based on the resistance value of the thermistor.

[0082] The thermistor is an electronic component whose resistance changes significantly with temperature. Specifically, it can be implemented using a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, whose resistance decreases as temperature increases, allowing for real-time monitoring of internal temperature changes within the circuit breaker. The temperature detection interface is a physical connection port for receiving electrical signals from the thermistor, implemented using metal pins or terminals to achieve electrical connection between the thermistor and subsequent circuit modules. The first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic device that converts analog signals into digital signals. Specifically, it can be implemented using a successive approximation or integrating converter, converting the thermistor's resistance change into a digital signal to facilitate temperature calculations by subsequent processing units.

[0083] Specifically, the second terminal of the LED circuit is connected in series with a thermistor to form a voltage divider circuit. When the circuit breaker temperature changes, the thermistor's resistance changes accordingly, causing a change in the voltage at the voltage divider node. This voltage signal is transmitted to the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) through a temperature detection interface, where it is digitized to obtain the temperature value. For example, when the circuit breaker's internal temperature rises due to overload, the thermistor's resistance decreases, the voltage at the voltage divider node decreases, and the digital signal output by the first ADC changes accordingly, triggering the over-temperature protection mechanism.

[0084] As an example, the circuit breaker includes a temperature detection interface. Based on the characteristic that the thermistor changes with temperature, the external acquisition terminal samples the data via an ADC to achieve temperature detection.

[0085] This application integrates a thermistor directly into the detection circuit and utilizes an analog-to-digital converter to achieve high-precision digital measurement, improving the real-time performance and accuracy of temperature detection while maintaining a compact structure. Thus, this application achieves real-time monitoring and digital processing of the circuit breaker's operating temperature, enabling accurate identification of over-temperature faults and timely circuit disconnection. This avoids the problems of delayed action or false triggering found in traditional mechanical protection devices. Furthermore, the modular design simplifies the wiring complexity of the temperature detection system and enhances the intelligent protection capabilities of the circuit breaker.

[0086] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the detection module 105 also includes a switch status detection component 1052; the switch status detection component 1052 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a switch status detection interface; the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the contact of the circuit breaker, the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the switch status detection interface.

[0087] The switch status detection interface is used to acquire the circuit breaker's level signal and determine the contact closure status based on the level signal.

[0088] The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can be voltage dividers connected in series between the contact and the detection interface. Specifically, they can be implemented using metal film resistors or carbon film resistors with a fixed resistance ratio, used to convert the voltage signal across the contact into a level signal adapted to the input range of the detection interface. The switch state detection interface can be a signal acquisition port with level recognition function, specifically implemented using a digital input GPIO interface or a voltage comparator circuit, used to convert the voltage-divided signal into a logic level signal to determine the physical contact state of the contact. The closed state of the contact can be the physical location information of whether the mechanical contact forms a conductive path, converted into a recognizable electrical signal difference through voltage changes across the contact.

[0089] Specifically, when the contact is closed, its two ends are equivalent to a short circuit, and the voltage divider circuit formed by the first and second resistors outputs a low-level signal. When the contact is open, an open circuit is formed across the contact, and the voltage divider circuit outputs a high-level signal. The switch status detection interface continuously acquires this level signal, and the open / closed state of the contact can be identified in real time through logical judgment. For example, when the level signal is detected to change from low to high, it can be determined that the contact has performed a tripping action; otherwise, it can be determined that it has performed a closing action. This detection process does not require additional sensors and directly utilizes the electrical characteristics of the contact itself to achieve status identification.

[0090] In some specific implementations, the resistance ratio of the first resistor to the second resistor can be set to 1:1 to achieve symmetrical voltage division, or the ratio can be adjusted according to the voltage threshold of the detection interface. The detection interface can be configured with a filter capacitor to eliminate contact bounce interference, or a delay debouncing algorithm can be added at the software level. The first end of the contact can be connected to the main circuit power supply, and the second end is grounded through a voltage divider resistor, forming a complete detection loop.

[0091] As an example, the contacts in a circuit breaker can be air switches, and the switch status detection interface can include an air switch status detection interface. The circuit breaker itself includes an air switch status detection interface. If the air switch is closed, the external acquisition terminal detects a high level; otherwise, it detects a low level. The resistors R1 and R2 added to the circuit breaker are for current limiting and voltage division, and also serve as pull-up resistors.

[0092] This application achieves status detection by directly coupling voltage divider resistors to the contacts and utilizing the circuit impedance changes caused by contact opening and closing. This simplifies the hardware structure while improving detection reliability. Thus, this application can accurately identify the real-time operating status of the circuit breaker contacts, providing a fundamental basis for intelligent protection functions. This solution achieves status detection through a pure circuit approach, avoiding the risk of mechanical sensor failure and reducing interference with the main circuit's electrical parameters. It is particularly suitable for the intelligent retrofitting needs of 1U circuit breakers with limited space. The detection results can be directly transmitted to the control unit, providing key status parameters for overcurrent protection and remote monitoring functions, effectively improving the circuit breaker's response speed and operational accuracy under fault conditions.

[0093] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the detection module 105 further includes a capacity detection component 1053; the capacity detection component includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a capacity detection interface, and a second analog-to-digital converter; the first end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the circuit breaker contact, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the capacity detection interface; the capacity detection interface is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter.

[0094] The second analog-to-digital converter is used to acquire the electrical signal of the capacity detection interface and determine the capacity of the circuit breaker based on the electrical signal.

[0095] Among them, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 can be voltage divider resistors connected in series in the contact circuit. Specifically, they can be implemented using precision metal film resistors, which convert the contact voltage into a low voltage signal suitable for detection through the voltage divider principle.

[0096] The capacity detection interface can be an electrical connection point for transmitting voltage divider signals. Specifically, it can be implemented using gold-plated terminals, which can reduce the impact of contact resistance on signal accuracy.

[0097] The second analog-to-digital converter can be an integrated circuit that converts analog voltage signals into digital quantities. Specifically, it can be implemented using a successive approximation ADC chip, which can quantize the voltage-divided analog signal into a digital signal for processor analysis.

[0098] Specifically, the voltage signal at the second end of the contact is divided by the third and fourth resistors and then input to the capacity detection interface. The second analog-to-digital converter periodically samples the interface voltage and converts it into a digital signal. By establishing a correspondence model between the contact voltage and the circuit breaker capacity, the digital signal is processed into a capacity value, reflecting the current load-bearing capacity of the circuit breaker in real time. When the detected capacity approaches the threshold, the control circuit can disconnect the load in advance to avoid overload.

[0099] As an example, the circuit breaker includes a capacity detection interface. If the capacity standards of the circuit breakers are different, this can be achieved by modifying the resistance values ​​of R3 and R4. The external acquisition terminal uses ADC sampling to identify the capacity.

[0100] This application achieves the ability to identify the rated current of a circuit breaker through a host computer in a black-box state by combining voltage divider sampling with analog-to-digital conversion, without having to remove the circuit breaker to check its markings. This has the advantage of enabling remote acquisition of circuit breaker specifications.

[0101] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the detection module 105 also includes a current detection component 1054, which is connected to the incoming and outgoing terminals of the circuit breaker and is used to detect the current flowing through the circuit breaker.

[0102] As an example, the current sensing component 1054 may include a shunt current sampling interface, and the circuit breaker may include a shunt current sampling interface to facilitate user sampling of the current flowing through the circuit breaker.

[0103] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plurality of resistors includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, and a twelfth resistor R12; the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10, the eleventh resistor R11, and the twelfth resistor R12 are all connected in parallel with the motor P1.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of the circuit breaker provided in the embodiments of this application; the output of the light-emitting diode circuit is denoted as LED, and the port can be connected through a connector.

[0105] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This diagram illustrates another application scenario of the circuit breaker provided in this application embodiment. The circuit breaker includes a temperature detection interface. Based on the characteristic that the thermistor changes with temperature, the external acquisition terminal samples the data via an ADC to achieve temperature detection. The circuit breaker also includes an air switch status detection interface. If the air switch is closed, the external acquisition terminal detects a high level; otherwise, it detects a low level. The circuit breaker includes a capacity detection interface. If the air switch capacity standards are different, this can be achieved by modifying the resistance values ​​of R3 and R4. The external acquisition terminal identifies the capacity through ADC sampling. The circuit breaker also includes a shunt current sampling interface, facilitating user sampling of the current flowing through the circuit breaker.

[0106] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the detailed descriptions of other embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] The circuit breaker provided in this application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0108] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A circuit breaker, characterized in that, The circuit breaker includes: a motor, a control circuit connected to the motor, a switching drive module, and an interlock control module; the motor is controlled by a bidirectional power supply; the interlock control module includes an automatic micro switch and a manual micro switch; The control circuit includes multiple diodes, which form a conduction loop to provide a unidirectional voltage to the motor. The circuit breaker opening and closing drive module is used to energize the motor to perform opening and closing operations and drive the contacts of the circuit breaker to move when the state of the automatic micro switch and / or the manual micro switch changes.

2. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit breaker includes a discharge circuit; the discharge circuit includes multiple resistors, each of which is connected in parallel with the motor. The discharge circuit is used to discharge the coil current in the motor after the motor is powered off.

3. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of diodes includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, and a sixth diode; the first terminal of the motor is connected to the cathodes of the first diode, the second diode, and the third diode, respectively; the second terminal of the motor is connected to the anodes of the fourth diode, the fifth diode, and the sixth diode, respectively; the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the bidirectional power supply. The automatic micro switch includes a first contact, a third contact, and a second contact; the first contact is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply. The manual micro switch includes a fourth contact, a sixth contact, and a fifth contact; the fourth contact is connected to the first terminal of the bidirectional power supply. The circuit breaker opening and closing drive module is further configured to, during the process of the circuit breaker performing opening and closing, when the state of the automatic micro switch and / or the manual micro switch changes, drive the second contact to connect to the cathode of the fourth diode and the fifth contact to connect to the cathode of the sixth diode, or drive the third contact to connect to the anode of the first diode and the sixth contact to connect to the anode of the third diode. The manual micro switch changes state when the circuit breaker begins to open or close, and the automatic micro switch changes state after a preset time.

4. The circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The interlock control module is configured such that when an external device connected to the circuit breaker is in a closed state, the first contact and the second contact are in a conductive state; the fourth contact and the fifth contact are in a conductive state; if the external device performs a tripping operation, the supply voltage at the second end of the bidirectional power supply is greater than the supply voltage at the first end of the bidirectional power supply, and the motor is energized; during the tripping process of the external device, the fourth contact and the sixth contact are in a conductive state. After the preset time has elapsed, the first contact and the third contact are in a conductive state, and the motor loses power and stops working.

5. The circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The interlock control module is further configured to: when an external device connected to the circuit breaker is in an open state, the first contact and the third contact are in a conductive state; the fourth contact and the sixth contact are in a conductive state; if the external device performs a closing operation, the supply voltage at the first end of the bidirectional power supply is greater than the supply voltage at the second end of the bidirectional power supply, and the motor is energized; during the closing process of the external device, the fourth contact and the fifth contact are in a conductive state. After the preset time has elapsed, the first contact and the second contact are in a conductive state.

6. The circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The circuit breaker also includes a detection module for acquiring parameters related to the circuit breaker and controlling the electrical signal of the circuit breaker based on the parameters to protect the circuit breaker.

7. The circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that, The circuit breaker also includes a light-emitting diode circuit; the first end of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first end of the bidirectional power supply, and is used to display the first state of the circuit breaker being closed or the second state of the circuit breaker being open.

8. The circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detection module includes a temperature detection component; the temperature detection component includes a thermistor, a temperature detection interface, and a first analog-to-digital converter; the second terminal of the light-emitting diode circuit is connected to the first terminal of the thermistor; the second terminal of the thermistor is connected to the temperature detection interface; the temperature detection interface is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter. The first analog-to-digital converter is used to obtain the resistance value of the thermistor and determine the temperature of the circuit breaker based on the resistance value of the thermistor.

9. The circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that, The detection module further includes a switch status detection component; the switch status detection component includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a switch status detection interface; a first end of the first resistor is connected to a first end of the contact of the circuit breaker, a second end of the first resistor is connected to a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the switch status detection interface; The switch status detection interface is used to acquire the level signal of the circuit breaker and determine the closed state of the contacts based on the level signal.

10. The circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that, The detection module further includes a capacity detection component; the capacity detection component includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a capacity detection interface, and a second analog-to-digital converter; the first end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the circuit breaker contact, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the capacity detection interface; the capacity detection interface is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter. The second analog-to-digital converter is used to acquire the electrical signal of the capacity detection interface and determine the capacity of the circuit breaker based on the electrical signal.

11. The circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that, The detection module also includes a current detection component connected to the incoming and outgoing terminals of the circuit breaker, used to detect the current flowing through the circuit breaker.

12. The circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of resistors includes a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor; the fifth resistor, the sixth resistor, the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor, the ninth resistor, the tenth resistor, the eleventh resistor, and the twelfth resistor are all connected in parallel with the motor.

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