Aircraft antenna

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of antennas, and particularly discloses a director antenna, which comprises a base, the base being provided with a mounting portion extending along the height direction of the base; and an antenna assembly arranged on the mounting portion and having a bottom completely covering the top end of the mounting portion; wherein the top end length of the mounting portion is less than the bottom end length of the mounting portion, and the bottom end length of the mounting portion is not less than one fourth of the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna assembly. The antenna is arranged on the mounting portion of the base, the top end of the mounting portion is short, the bottom end of the mounting portion is long, and the bottom end length is not less than one fourth of the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna assembly, so that the antenna pattern is optimized, the antenna pattern is stretched backward, and the low-elevation-angle gain is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a command and control antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In today's era of rapid development in communication technology, command and control aircraft, as key information transmission and command and dispatch equipment, play an irreplaceable role in many fields such as military, emergency rescue, and large-scale event organization. The command and control aircraft antenna, as the core component for enabling wireless communication, directly determines the communication quality, coverage, and reliability of the command and control aircraft, thus affecting the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the entire command system.

[0003] However, the radiation pattern design of existing command antennas on the market is unreasonable. The radiated energy is concentrated at high elevation angles, and the gain at low elevation angles is insufficient. This makes it difficult to meet the requirements of Beidou short message function for stable reception and transmission of signals at low elevation angles. In addition, the anti-interference capability is weak, and it is easily interfered with in complex electromagnetic environments, causing signal distortion and communication interruption. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a command antenna, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A command and control antenna, comprising:

[0006] A base having a mounting portion extending along the height direction of the base;

[0007] An antenna assembly is disposed on the mounting portion, and the bottom of the antenna assembly completely covers the top of the mounting portion;

[0008] Wherein, the top length of the mounting part is less than the bottom length of the mounting part, and the bottom length of the mounting part is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly.

[0009] In one specific embodiment, the mounting portion includes a hollow frustum structure, the top diameter of the frustum structure being the top length of the mounting portion, and the bottom diameter of the frustum structure being the bottom length of the mounting portion; the bottom diameter of the frustum structure is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly.

[0010] In one specific embodiment, the height of the mounting portion is less than the length of the bottom end of the mounting portion or the length of the top end of the mounting portion.

[0011] In one specific embodiment, the antenna assembly includes multiple antenna elements, which are stacked sequentially and disposed on the mounting portion. Each antenna element has its own corresponding operating frequency, and different antenna elements have different operating frequencies. The bottom diameter of the mounting portion is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of any one of the antenna elements.

[0012] In one specific embodiment, in two adjacent antenna elements, the radiating surface area of ​​the lower antenna element is greater than that of the upper antenna element.

[0013] In one specific embodiment, among all the antenna elements, the lowest layer antenna element comprises a circular plate, and the remaining antenna elements comprise polygonal plates.

[0014] In one specific embodiment, the centers of the plurality of antenna elements are all on the axis of the mounting portion.

[0015] In one specific embodiment, the mounting portion includes a metallic conductor.

[0016] In one specific embodiment, the base has a support portion, the mounting portion is disposed on the support portion, and is detachably connected to the support portion by fasteners.

[0017] In one specific embodiment, the top edge of the mounting portion has a first distance between the projection of the top edge of the mounting portion onto the support portion and the projection of the bottom edge of the mounting portion onto the support portion, and the ratio between the first distance and the height of the mounting portion is between 0.5 and 1.8.

[0018] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically disclosing a command and control antenna, comprising: a base with a mounting portion extending along the height of the base; and an antenna assembly disposed on the mounting portion, with the bottom of the antenna assembly completely covering the top of the mounting portion. The top length of the mounting portion is shorter than the bottom length, and the bottom length of the mounting portion is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly. This application optimizes the antenna pattern by mounting the antenna on the mounting portion of the base, with the top of the mounting portion being short and the bottom length being long, and the bottom length not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly. This stretches the pattern backward, significantly improving low elevation gain. Furthermore, the bottom of the antenna assembly completely covering the top of the mounting portion greatly enhances the stability of the overall structure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the command aircraft antenna Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the command aircraft antenna Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the command aircraft antenna Figure 3 ;

[0024] Figure 4 An exploded view of the command aircraft antenna;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the command aircraft antenna;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a top view of the command aircraft antenna.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1-Base; 2-Antenna assembly; 3-Fasteners; 4-Control module;

[0029] 101 - Base; 102 - Cover;

[0030] 11-Installation section; 12-Bearing section;

[0031] 111 - Frustum structure;

[0032] 21-Antenna element;

[0033] 211 - First antenna element; 212 - Second antenna element; 213 - Third antenna element; 214 - Fourth antenna element. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Various embodiments of this application will be described more fully below. This application may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this application to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this application should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this application.

[0035] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include” as used in the various embodiments of this application indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in the various embodiments of this application, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or the possibility of adding one or more combinations of features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.

[0036] In various embodiments of this application, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0037] The terms used in the various embodiments of this application (such as "first," "second," etc.) may modify various constituent elements in the various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding constituent elements. For example, the above terms do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The above terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from other elements. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this application, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0038] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a command and control antenna includes:

[0039] Base 1, having a mounting portion 11 extending along the height direction of base 1;

[0040] Antenna assembly 2 is mounted on mounting part 11, and the bottom of antenna assembly 2 completely covers the top of mounting part 11;

[0041] The top length L1 of the mounting part 11 is less than the bottom length L2 of the mounting part 11, and the bottom length L2 of the mounting part 11 is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly 2.

[0042] This application optimizes the antenna pattern by mounting the antenna on the mounting portion 11 of the base 1, with the top of the mounting portion 11 being short and the bottom being long, and the bottom length being no less than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly 2. This stretches the pattern backward and significantly improves the low elevation angle gain. Furthermore, the bottom of the antenna assembly 2 completely covers the top of the mounting portion 11, which greatly enhances the stability of the overall structure.

[0043] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figure 4, the mounting part 11 includes a hollow frustum structure 111. The top diameter d1 of the frustum structure 111 serves as the top length L1 of the mounting part 11, and the bottom diameter d2 of the frustum structure 111 serves as the bottom length L2 of the mounting part 11. The bottom diameter d2 of the frustum structure 111 is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly 2.

[0044] This application utilizes a hollow frustum structure 111 in the mounting section 11, with the bottom diameter of the frustum structure 111 not less than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly 2. This optimizes the antenna pattern, better stretching the electromagnetic wave radiation direction backward and significantly enhancing low-elevation gain. In complex geographical environments or scenarios with obstructions, such as mountainous areas or urban canyons, the command antenna can still stably receive and transmit signals in the low-elevation direction, greatly improving the reliability and stability of communication, especially suitable for functions with stringent requirements for low-elevation communication, such as BeiDou short message service. Furthermore, the mounting section 11 of the frustum structure 111 provides a stable supporting foundation for the antenna assembly 2, greatly enhancing the overall structural stability.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the height h of the mounting part 11 is less than the bottom length L2 or the top length L1 of the mounting part 11. This unique structure, where the height of the mounting part 11 is less than its bottom or top length, makes the command antenna more compact in spatial layout, significantly reducing the vertical space occupied by the antenna. This facilitates installation and deployment in limited spaces, effectively improving the antenna's adaptability to different installation environments and broadening the application range of the command aircraft. Simultaneously, the specific relationship between the height and bottom / top length of the mounting part 11 of the frustum structure 111 further optimizes the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna assembly 2. The bottom diameter of the mounting part 11 is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly 2. Combined with a reasonable height design, this makes electromagnetic wave radiation and reception more efficient, enhancing the antenna's gain and directivity. Reducing the height of the mounting part 11 helps reduce unnecessary electromagnetic losses, improves signal transmission efficiency, and enables the command aircraft to receive and transmit signals more stably and clearly during communication, reducing the bit error rate and improving communication quality.

[0046] like Figure 4 ,5 As shown, the antenna assembly 2 includes multiple antenna elements 21, which are stacked sequentially and disposed on the mounting part 11. Each antenna element 21 has its own corresponding operating frequency, and the operating frequencies of different antenna elements 21 are different. The bottom diameter of the mounting part 11 is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of any antenna element 21.

[0047] The antenna assembly 2 of this application is composed of multiple antenna elements 21 with different operating frequencies stacked sequentially, enabling the command and control antenna to cover a wider range of communication frequency bands. Different antenna elements 21 can be optimized for different communication needs and frequency bands, meeting the requirements of various communication protocols and standards to adapt to complex and ever-changing communication environments, greatly enhancing its multi-functional adaptability. Furthermore, by ensuring that the bottom diameter of the mounting portion 11 is not less than one-quarter of the operating frequency of any antenna element 21, electromagnetic wave radiation and reception become more efficient, enhancing the antenna's gain and directivity.

[0048] In two adjacent antenna elements 21, the radiating surface area of ​​the lower antenna element 21 is larger than that of the upper antenna element 21. This application adopts a design where the lower radiating surface area is larger than that of the upper one, achieving a compact layout of the antenna elements 21 in the vertical direction, making full use of the space of the mounting part 11, and reducing the horizontal footprint of the antenna assembly 2 while ensuring the normal operation of each antenna element 21.

[0049] The upper antenna unit 21 has a smaller radiating area, making it more suitable for higher frequency bands; the lower antenna unit 21 has a larger radiating area, making it suitable for lower frequency bands. Therefore, the device of this application can be optimized for different communication needs and frequency bands, meet the requirements of various communication protocols and standards, adapt to complex and ever-changing communication environments, and greatly improve its multi-functional adaptability.

[0050] like Figure 4-6 As shown, among all antenna elements 21, the lowest layer antenna element 21 includes a circular plate, while the remaining antenna elements 21 all include polygonal plates. The circular plate has relatively uniform radiation characteristics in the low-frequency band and can effectively radiate and receive low-frequency signals. The remaining antenna elements 21 use polygonal plates, whose shape can better adapt to the radiation and reception requirements of high-frequency signals. By adjusting the number of sides, side length, and other parameters of the polygon, the radiation direction and gain of high-frequency signals can be precisely controlled, achieving efficient utilization of high-frequency signals. This allows the command antenna to maintain good communication performance in a wide frequency range.

[0051] Among them, polygonal plates include plates whose cross-section is a closed planar figure composed of three or more line segments connected end to end in sequence. Examples include triangular plates, quadrilateral plates, regular pentagonal plates, irregular pentagonal plates, etc.

[0052] In one embodiment, the plurality of antenna elements 21 includes a first antenna element 211, a second antenna element 212, a third antenna element 213, and a fourth antenna element 214 stacked sequentially, with the first antenna element 211 located at the bottom layer and connected to the mounting portion 11. The first antenna element 211 is a circular plate, while the second antenna element 212, the third antenna element 213, and the fourth antenna element 214 are all irregular octagonal plates. This design provides the plurality of antenna elements 21 with good radiation direction and gain.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, the centers of the multiple antenna elements 21 are all on the axis of the mounting portion 11. This application uses this coaxial arrangement to form a highly concentrated electromagnetic radiation pattern, improving communication directivity. Furthermore, the coaxial arrangement reduces electromagnetic coupling interference between different antenna elements 21, ensuring signal purity.

[0054] Mounting part 11 includes a metal conductor with excellent conductivity. When the antenna is working, it can conduct current quickly and efficiently, thereby enabling the command antenna to achieve higher radiation efficiency when transmitting signals, enhancing the signal transmission strength, expanding the communication coverage, and allowing the command aircraft to achieve stable and clear communication at greater distances.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the base 1 has a support portion 12, and the mounting portion 11 is disposed on the support portion 12 and detachably connected to the support portion 12 by fasteners 3. The mounting portion 11 of the antenna assembly 2 is detachably connected to the support portion 12 of the base 1. When the command antenna malfunctions or requires regular maintenance, maintenance personnel can easily disassemble the mounting portion 11 to directly inspect, repair, or replace the antenna unit 21 and related components. This eliminates the need for large-scale disassembly of the entire base 1 or the command equipment, significantly shortening maintenance time, improving maintenance efficiency, reducing maintenance costs and equipment downtime, and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the command communication system.

[0056] In one embodiment, the base 1 includes a base 101 and a cover 102. The base 101 has a support portion 12, and a mounting portion 11 is disposed on the support portion 12 and detachably connected to the support portion 12 by fasteners 3. The base 101 and the cover 102 are also detachably connected by fasteners 3.

[0057] like Figure 2As shown, there is a first distance d3 between the projection of the top edge of the mounting portion 11 onto the support portion 12 and the projection of the bottom edge of the mounting portion 11 onto the support portion 12. The ratio of the first distance d3 to the height h of the mounting portion 11 is between 0.5 and 1.8. When the first distance between the projection of the top edge of the mounting portion 11 onto the support portion 12 and the projection of the bottom edge of the mounting portion 11 onto the support portion 12 is between 0.5 and 1.8, the antenna pattern is optimized by stretching the pattern backward, significantly improving the low elevation gain, and also enhancing structural stability.

[0058] The bottom diameter of the mounting part 11 is between 60mm and 150mm, and the height of the mounting part 11 is between 50mm and 80mm.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, the command antenna of this application also includes a control module 4, which includes a microcontroller and a power module. The microcontroller is used to control the switching of the antenna unit 21 and adjust the signal processing parameters; the power module is used to provide power to the antenna unit 21.

[0060] In one embodiment, the control module 4 is located inside the base 101. By separating the control module 4 from the antenna module, a modular layout of the device is achieved, which facilitates subsequent maintenance.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and defined, terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fixation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0062] In this application, those skilled in the art should understand that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the purpose of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0063] The terminology used in the various embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the various embodiments of this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of this application pertain. The terms (such as those defined in a generally used dictionary) are to be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant technical field and are not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of this application.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the implementation scenario can be distributed within the apparatus of the implementation scenario as described, or they can be located in one or more apparatuses different from this implementation scenario, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above-described implementation scenario can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0066] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the implementation scenario.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A command antenna, characterized in that, include: A base having a mounting portion extending along the height direction of the base; An antenna assembly is disposed on the mounting portion, and the bottom of the antenna assembly completely covers the top of the mounting portion; Wherein, the top length of the mounting part is less than the bottom length of the mounting part, and the bottom length of the mounting part is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly.

2. The command antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting part includes a hollow frustum structure. The top diameter of the frustum structure is the top length of the mounting part, and the bottom diameter of the frustum structure is the bottom length of the mounting part. The bottom diameter of the frustum structure is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna assembly.

3. The command antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the mounting part is less than the length of the bottom end of the mounting part or the length of the top end of the mounting part.

4. The command antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna assembly includes multiple antenna elements, which are stacked sequentially and disposed on the mounting portion. Each antenna element has its own corresponding operating frequency, and the operating frequencies of different antenna elements are different. The bottom diameter of the mounting portion is not less than one-quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of any one of the antenna elements.

5. The command antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, In two adjacent antenna elements, the radiating surface area of ​​the lower antenna element is greater than that of the upper antenna element.

6. The command antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Of all the antenna elements, the lowest layer antenna element comprises a circular plate, while the remaining antenna elements comprise polygonal plates.

7. The command antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The centers of all the antenna elements are on the axis of the mounting portion.

8. The command antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting part includes a metallic conductor.

9. The command antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base has a support portion, and the mounting portion is disposed on the support portion and is detachably connected to the support portion by fasteners.

10. The command antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The top edge of the mounting part has a first distance between its projection on the support part and the bottom edge of the mounting part on the support part, and the ratio between the first distance and the height of the mounting part is between 0.5 and 1.8.

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