Antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna and an electronic device, the antenna comprising a plurality of dipoles arranged in sequence along a first direction, a pixelated conductor region being arranged between adjacent dipoles, the pixelated conductor region comprising an inverter region, the inverter region being divided into a plurality of first grids arranged in an array and used for filling the conductor, and a part of the first grids in the inverter region being provided with the conductor to form inverters, and the design and tuning of the antenna are simplified by encoding and tuning whether (0 or 1) the conductor is arranged in different grids in the inverter region through an algorithm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to an antenna and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional high-gain antennas typically use continuous copper plating areas to characterize their configuration. These continuous copper plating areas are mainly closed polygons, and a dozen or more dimensional parameters (such as the length and width of a rectangle) are usually needed to fully describe the entire antenna configuration. Designers need to iterate through these dozen or more dimensional parameters during the design and tuning of the antenna to achieve performance optimization. This antenna design and tuning method is complex, heavily reliant on expert experience, and often fails to reach the antenna's performance ceiling. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna and electronic device that aims to solve the problem of complex design and tuning methods of traditional antennas.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna including a plurality of vibrators arranged sequentially along a first direction, with pixelated conductor regions disposed between adjacent vibrators. The pixelated conductor regions include an anti-phase region, which is divided into a plurality of first grids arranged in an array for filling conductors. A portion of the first grids in the anti-phase region is provided with conductors to form an inverter.

[0005] In some embodiments, the pixelated conductor region further includes a transition region connected between the inverting region and the adjacent oscillator. The transition region is divided into a plurality of second grids arranged in an array for filling conductors. A portion of the second grids in the transition region is provided with conductors to form current guides for configuring current paths for the connected inverting region and the oscillator.

[0006] In some embodiments, the length of the second grid in the first direction is greater than the length of the first grid in the first direction; and / or

[0007] The length of the second grid in the second direction is not less than the length of the first grid in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] In some embodiments, when two adjacent subgrids are arranged diagonally and no conductors are provided on the subgrids on both sides of the diagonal, the diagonals of the two adjacent subgrids overlap, and the two adjacent subgrids are either the first grid with conductors or both are the second grids with conductors.

[0009] In some embodiments, at least one of the transition regions includes a first transition sub-region and a second transition sub-region, wherein the second grid of the conductor in the first transition sub-region is axially symmetrically arranged with respect to the second grid of the conductor in the second transition sub-region and is connected to each other.

[0010] In some embodiments, the axis of symmetry of the symmetrical arrangement is parallel to the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least one inverted region includes a plurality of inverted sub-regions, the plurality of inverted sub-regions being arranged continuously along the first direction, and the first grid of conductors disposed in the plurality of inverted sub-regions forming the same pattern.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pattern formed by the inverted sub-region includes a first sub-pattern and a second sub-pattern, the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are centrally symmetrical and connected to each other, and are arranged along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inverted region further includes a continuity portion spanning two adjacent inverted sub-regions, the continuity portion being connected to patterns in the two adjacent inverted sub-regions respectively.

[0014] In some embodiments, the antenna resonates in a first frequency band, which includes a plurality of consecutive sub-frequency bands, and the plurality of oscillators resonate in the plurality of the sub-frequency bands respectively.

[0015] In some embodiments, the dimensions of each of the oscillators along the first direction are not equal, the dimensions of each of the oscillators along the second direction are not equal, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0016] In some embodiments, a substrate is included, on which the antenna is formed.

[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device including the antenna described above.

[0018] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: the antenna includes multiple vibrators arranged sequentially along a first direction, and a pixelated conductor region is provided between adjacent vibrators. The pixelated conductor region includes an anti-phase region, which is divided into multiple first grids arranged in an array for filling conductors. Some of the first grids in the anti-phase region are provided with conductors to form an inverter. The inverter is used to suppress the reverse current that is opposite to the current flow in the vibrator. By using algorithm encoding and tuning to determine whether different grids in the anti-phase region are provided with conductors (0 or 1), the design and tuning of the antenna are simplified. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a 2.4G antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a 2.4G antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 5G antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a 5G antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between a grid and a grid on which conductors are disposed, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the number of iterations and the antenna simulation performance, provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the correspondence between a diagonally arranged grid and a grid with conductors provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the grid of the transition region and the current guide section provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the current path for an asymmetrical arrangement of conventional antenna configurations.

[0028] Figure 10 A current distribution diagram of an antenna operating at 5.4 GHz, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 A current distribution diagram of an antenna operating at 5.9 GHz, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 12 The distribution diagram of two resonance peaks of the antenna provided in an embodiment of this application operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency band;

[0031] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a traditional antenna without a coded transition region operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency band with a single resonant peak;

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh of the inverted region provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an inverter formed by a grid of conductors arranged in the grid shown;

[0034] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the grid of the inverting region and the corresponding grid of the conductor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the current path for an asymmetric antenna configuration provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the structure of the grid of the inverting region and the corresponding grid of the conductor provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 19 for Figure 18 A schematic diagram of an inverter formed by a grid of conductors arranged in the grid shown;

[0038] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the current path of an inverter formed by an asymmetric antenna configuration according to an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 21 The antenna design / tuning method provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0041] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] Traditional antenna design methods are limited by the closed polygon shape, which significantly restricts the current and electric field distribution of the antenna radiator, or in other words, the number of antenna modes. Although designers can enrich the antenna's operating modes by introducing discontinuities in the antenna configuration (such as truncated, stepped, teardrop, or cut-off shapes), this method has poor versatility, especially in the design of high-gain antennas. It often gets trapped in local optima, ultimately leading to bandwidth performance defects in high-gain antennas—a limited number of antenna modes makes it difficult to support satisfactory performance over a continuous wideband.

[0045] High-gain antennas typically have large apertures and therefore large dimensions, with the longest physical dimension often exceeding twice the wavelength. This length and size can lead to problems such as excessive coding, an overly large antenna configuration solution space, and difficulty in converging during algorithm optimization.

[0046] One embodiment of this application proposes a rod-shaped high-gain omnidirectional antenna for home routers based on a pixel antenna method. By using a reasonable antenna mesh / pixelation layout, antenna performance is improved, enhancing antenna design and tuning efficiency. Furthermore, an antenna tuning method suitable for high-gain pixel antennas is proposed.

[0047] Please see Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna. Figure 3 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a 5G Wi-Fi antenna. One embodiment of this application proposes an antenna 100, comprising a plurality of vibrators 11i arranged sequentially along a first direction x, where i takes values ​​a, b, c, d, ... A pixelated conductor region 102 is provided between adjacent vibrators 11i. The pixelated conductor region 102 includes an inverting region 12, which is divided into a plurality of first grids 121 arranged in an array for filling conductors. A portion of the first grids 121 in the inverting region 12 is provided with conductors to form an inverter 122.

[0048] The inverter 122 is used to suppress the reverse current that flows in the opposite direction to the current in the oscillator 11i, so as to achieve in-phase superposition of the radiation fields and improve the antenna gain.

[0049] For example, please refer to Figure 1 The antenna 100 includes two elements 11i, namely a first element 11a and a second element 11b. For an example, please refer to [link to example]. Figure 3 The antenna 100 includes four elements 11i, namely a first element 11a, a second element 11b, a third element 11c, and a fourth element 11d. In other embodiments, the number of elements 11i in the antenna 100 can be an integer greater than 2. The antenna 100 is formed on a substrate 101. The elements 11i and the inverter 122 of the antenna 100 are formed by copper plating.

[0050] The phase inversion region 12 is pixelated using a gridding method, with 0 / 1 bits used to characterize whether different first grids 121 in the phase inversion region 12 are equipped with conductors, such as copper plating based on the circuit board. An algorithm is used to optimize the bit sequence describing the phase inversion region 12 to improve the performance of the antenna 100.

[0051] Please continue reading. Figure 1 In some embodiments, the pixelated conductor region 102 further includes transition regions 13a / 13b, which are connected between the inverting region 12 and the adjacent oscillator 11i. The transition regions 13a / 13b are divided into a plurality of second grids 131 arranged in an array to fill conductors. Some of the second grids 131 in the transition regions 13a / 13b are provided with conductors to form current guides 132. The current guides 132 are used to configure current (conduction) paths for the connected inverting region 12 and oscillator 11i.

[0052] The transition regions 13a / 13b are loaded between the inverting region 12 and the vibrator 11i. Their function is to provide the antenna 100 with a richer current path from the vibrator 11i region to the inverting region 12 through the coding optimization design of the transition regions 13a / 13b (specifically the current guide 132), thereby improving the overall bandwidth performance of the antenna 100.

[0053] The transition region 13a (specifically the current guide section 132) is connected between the first oscillator 11a and the inverter 122, and the transition region 13b is connected between the inverter 122 and the second oscillator 11b. The connection relationships of other transition regions are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0054] Adjacent first elements 11a and second elements 11b are linearly connected by transition regions 13a, anti-phase regions 12, and transition regions 13b. This region division method fully utilizes the layout space of the substrate 101 and increases the radiation aperture of the antenna 100. Specifically, transition regions 13a / 13b and anti-phase regions 12 are pixelated using a gridding method, with 0 / 1 bits used to characterize whether conductors are placed in different grids within transition regions 13a / 13b and anti-phase regions 12. Algorithms are used to optimize the bit sequences describing transition regions 13a / 13b and anti-phase regions 12 to improve the performance of the antenna 100.

[0055] Please see Figure 21 This paper illustrates the optimized design process of a high-gain antenna according to an embodiment of this application. The key feature is the use of algorithms for continuous optimization problems, such as genetic algorithms, to optimize the continuous size parameters characterizing the dipole region; and the use of algorithms for binary optimization problems, such as differential binary algorithms, to optimize the pixel coding characterizing the phase inversion region and the transition region. By combining different algorithms targeting continuous and binary discrete solution spaces, the goal of rapidly optimizing antenna performance is achieved.

[0056] In some embodiments, antenna simulation software, including CST, HFSS, etc., can be used to import the conductor state information (or copper-clad state information) of the grid (i.e., the first grid 121 and / or the second grid 131) of the divided pixelated conductor region 102 (or copper-clad design region) into the simulation software, set the simulation parameters such as operating frequency and boundary conditions, and run the simulation to obtain performance results. According to the performance indicators in the simulation results, the copper-clad state information of the grid can be adjusted. For example, if the gain does not meet the requirements, the shape of the anti-phase region 12 and the transition region 13a / 13b can be adjusted by changing the copper-clad information of the grid, and the current path can be further adjusted to achieve a better effect of suppressing reverse current and thus improve the gain. Alternatively, the length and width of the vibrator 11i can be adjusted to improve the impedance matching on the current path in the operating frequency band, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100, and improve the gain performance.

[0057] Each time the copper plating status information of the copper plating design area is adjusted, the simulation calculation is repeated until all performance indicators meet the preset requirements. In possible implementations, the total size of the copper plating design area, the size of a single grid, and the number of grids within the copper plating design area can be continuously adjusted during the optimization process until the antenna simulation performance meets the preset requirements.

[0058] In particular, when adjusting the copper plating state information of the mesh, a corresponding algorithm can be used for global optimization to improve the optimization efficiency of antenna performance.

[0059] In some embodiments, when simulating the conductor state information of the mesh, the copper pouring information matrix corresponding to the copper pouring state information of the mesh can be predetermined. Each element in the copper pouring information matrix corresponds one-to-one with the mesh, and the position of the element in the copper pouring information matrix corresponds one-to-one with the mesh. This includes the position of the element in the copper pouring information matrix corresponding one-to-one with the position of the mesh, and the value of the element in the copper pouring information matrix corresponding one-to-one with the copper pouring state information of the mesh.

[0060] like Figure 5 The diagram illustrating the correspondence between the grid and the copper pour information matrix shows that the positions of the elements in the copper pour information matrix correspond one-to-one with the positions of the grid elements. This includes the row and column values ​​of the elements in the copper pour information matrix being the same as the rows and columns of the grid elements in the copper pour design area. For example, the element in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper pour information matrix corresponds to the grid element in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper pour design area.

[0061] The values ​​of the elements in the copper plating information matrix correspond one-to-one with the copper plating status information of the grid. This means that the value of each element in the copper plating information matrix can be used to represent the copper plating status information of the grid at the corresponding location. For example, the copper plating status information of the grid is usually represented by a binary number: 1 indicates copper plating, and 0 indicates no copper plating. The grid in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper plating design area is in a copper plating state; correspondingly, the element in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper plating information matrix is ​​"1", indicating that the grid is in a copper plating state.

[0062] Therefore, representing the copper plating status information in matrix form makes it easier to input it into the simulation model for calculation and analysis.

[0063] The copper plating state information of the mesh is adjusted based on the antenna simulation performance, and the antenna simulation performance of the adjusted copper plating state information is re-simulated and calculated. This process is repeated multiple times until the antenna simulation performance meets the preset requirements, such as... Figure 6 As shown in the schematic diagram of the relationship between the number of iterations and the antenna simulation performance, the increase in antenna simulation performance gradually decreases with the increase in the number of iterations. Therefore, in this embodiment, the antenna simulation performance is determined to meet the preset requirements if the gain change amplitude is less than a predetermined threshold for a consecutive predetermined number of iterations.

[0064] Please see Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the antenna 100 resonates in a first frequency band, which includes a plurality of consecutive sub-frequency bands, and the plurality of vibrators 11i resonate in the plurality of sub-frequency bands respectively. In some embodiments, the dimensions of each vibrator 11i along a first direction x are not equal, the dimensions of each vibrator 11i along a second direction y are not equal, and the first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular to each other.

[0065] For example, the lengths (i.e., the dimensions along the first direction x) of the first oscillator 11a, the second oscillator 11b, the third oscillator 11c, and the second oscillator 11d are described as Lz1, Lz2, Lz3, and Lz4, respectively, and the widths (i.e., the dimensions along the second direction y) are described as Wz1, Wz2, Wz3, and Wz4, respectively. The above length and width dimensions are optimized and configured by an algorithm to make the dimension parameters of different oscillators 11i different (i.e., Lz1≠Lz2≠Lz3≠Lz4, Wz1≠Wz2≠Wz3≠Wz4), which helps to reduce the reflection of the antenna 100 current during the conduction process between the oscillators 11i and improve the overall impedance matching performance of the antenna 100.

[0066] For example, each oscillator 11i operates in the 5-6 GHz frequency band, but its length corresponds to the half wavelength of different frequencies within the same frequency band. For instance, the length of the first oscillator 11a corresponds to (approximately equal to) the half wavelength of 5.15 GHz, the length of the second oscillator 11b corresponds to the half wavelength of 5.35 GHz, the length of the third oscillator 11c corresponds to the half wavelength of 5.75 GHz, and the length of the fourth oscillator 11d corresponds to the half wavelength of 5.85 GHz.

[0067] Please see Figures 1 to 4 For example, the first oscillator 11i includes an upper oscillator arm 111 near the second oscillator 11b and a lower oscillator arm 112 away from the second oscillator 11b, a core wire pad 113, and an outer conductor pad 114. The upper oscillator arm 111 is provided with the core wire pad 113, which is used to establish an electrical connection with the coaxial cable core. The lower oscillator arm 112 is provided with the outer conductor pad 114, which is used to establish an electrical connection with the outer conductor of the coaxial cable.

[0068] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the lower vibrating arm 112 is a U-shaped structure with its opening opposite to the first direction x. The length of the U-shaped structure in the first direction x is approximately one-quarter wavelength. The U-shaped structure can act as a balun, which helps to balance the current intensity of the outer conductor within the coaxial line and reduce the influence of the coaxial line on the radiation of the antenna 100.

[0069] In some embodiments, the upper vibrating arm 111 is a closed polygon with a length of approximately one-quarter wavelength in the first direction x. In this embodiment, the upper vibrating arm 111 is a rectangular copper-clad structure.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second, third, and fourth oscillators 11i are all closed polygons. In this embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth oscillators 11i are represented by rectangles. The length of each oscillator 11i in the first direction x is approximately half a wavelength, so that the oscillator 11i can resonate within the operating frequency band and radiate energy.

[0071] In some embodiments, the length (e.g., length) of the second grid 131 in the first direction x is greater than the length of the first grid 121 in the first direction x; and / or the length (e.g., width) of the second grid 131 in the second direction y is not less than the length of the first grid 121 in the second direction y, wherein the first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular to each other.

[0072] In some embodiments, the granularity (which can be understood as size) of the second grid 131 in the transition regions 13a / 13b is coarser than that of the first grid 121 in the phase-inverting region 12. For example, the length and width of the second grid 131 are approximately 0.022λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength), while the length and width of the first grid 121 are approximately 0.011λ0, about half the size of the second grid 131. Therefore, with the same layout size, the number of pixels encoded in the transition regions 13a / 13b is only one-quarter that of the phase-inverting region 12. By using both coarse and fine grid division strategies, the number of grid codes in the entire pixel antenna 100 can be reduced, the solution space size can be decreased, and the time spent on algorithm optimization can be reduced. Furthermore, the finer pixel size in the phase-inverting region 12 is beneficial for better realizing the function of folding reverse current.

[0073] During the encoding process of transition regions 13a / 13b and inversion region 12 pixels / grid, a diagonal arrangement may occur, such as... Figure 7 As shown. In some embodiments, two adjacent subgrids are arranged diagonally, and if no conductor is provided on the subgrids on both sides of the diagonal, the diagonals of the two adjacent subgrids overlap, and the two adjacent subgrids are either the first grid 121 with conductors or both are the second grid 131 with conductors.

[0074] In some embodiments, the minimum processing accuracy for low-cost single-sided and double-sided circuit boards is typically 0.2 mm. To prevent breaks in the diagonal arrangement of conductor grids during circuit board manufacturing, two sub-grids are interleaved when diagonally arranged, with an overlap area of ​​0.2 mm. Different manufacturing processes have different accuracies; therefore, when arranging pixels in antenna 100, the width L of the overlap area between two diagonally arranged conductor grids must not be less than the minimum processing accuracy of the process.

[0075] Please see Figure 8In some embodiments, at least one transition region, taking transition region 13a as an example, includes a first transition sub-region 133 and a second transition sub-region 134. The second grid 131 for setting conductors in the first transition sub-region 133 and the second grid 131 for setting conductors in the second transition sub-region 134 are axially symmetrically arranged and interconnected. Since the second grid 131 for setting conductors in the second transition sub-region 134 is obtained by mirroring the second grid 131 for setting conductors in the first transition sub-region 133, only the second grid 131 of the first transition sub-region 133 needs to be encoded, eliminating the need to encode each transition sub-region, thus reducing encoding complexity. In some embodiments, the axis of symmetry is parallel to the first direction x.

[0076] For example, when designing transition regions 13a / 13b, a transition sub-region is first encoded, and then mirror-symmetric transformation is performed on the transition sub-region. The mirrored sub-region 134 and the original first transition sub-region 133 are combined to obtain a transition region 13a. This reduces the encoding complexity of transition region 13a by half, meaning that half the area of ​​encoding is sufficient to represent transition region 13a. Besides reducing encoding complexity, mirror symmetry also reduces the probability of perturbation currents such as zigzag and foldback, resulting in a more regular and circular antenna pattern in the solution space. Transition regions constructed without mirror symmetry are prone to generating unexpected zigzag and foldback currents, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0077] In some embodiments, the current guide 132 formed by the transition region 13a is used to connect the vibrator 11a and the inverter 122. For the embodiment of a four-vibrator 11i, a total of eight transition regions 13a are required. The function of the transition region 13a is to form the current guide 132 by optimizing the encoding method of the second grid 131 of the transition region 13a through an algorithm, thereby introducing more current operating modes to the antenna 100 and improving the bandwidth performance of the antenna 100. The possible configuration number of the current guide 132 in one transition region 13a is 2. N N represents the number of second grids 131 after pixelation of a transition sub-region. By increasing the number of encoding bits N in the transition region 13a, the optimal configuration of the current guide 132 can be retrieved within a huge solution space, and an antenna configuration that performs well across a wide bandwidth can be easily obtained.

[0078] The configuration of antenna 100 determines the potential current distribution pattern of antenna 100. Each current distribution pattern corresponds to a different operating mode of antenna 100. The more diverse the operating modes of antenna 100, the more resonant points it will have within its operating frequency band, resulting in better bandwidth performance. It is understood that the configuration of the current guide 132 in this embodiment can determine all or part of the current distribution pattern of antenna 100.

[0079] Figure 10 and Figure 11 The current distribution of an optimized transition region 13a / 13b at 5.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz was characterized. It can be observed that the introduction of the transition region 13a / 13b results in two different current distribution modes at 5.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz, enabling multi-mode operation of antenna 100 in the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in terms of gain and bandwidth performance, it exhibits the distribution of two resonant peaks in the 5-6 GHz band, as shown below. Figure 12 As shown; under the same design constraints, the traditional design without a coding transition region can only obtain a single resonant peak, and its bandwidth performance is significantly weaker than the antenna design after coding in the embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the introduction of transition regions 13a / 13b increases the potential current distribution of antenna 100 within its operating frequency band, thereby increasing the number of operating modes of antenna 100 and realizing the multi-mode, broadband operating characteristics of antenna 100.

[0080] In some embodiments, the function of the phase inversion region 12 is to fold the reverse current components in the high-gain antenna 100, ensuring that the same-direction currents of each element 11i can be superimposed in the far field to achieve high gain. The phase inversion region 12 is also obtained based on pixel encoding, that is, the copper-clad area is meshed, and then 0 / 1 bits are used to characterize whether different grids are copper-clad. In the development of the high-gain antenna 100, the phase inversion region 12 has the problems of large copper-clad area, large number of grids, large number of codes, and difficulty in algorithm optimization convergence.

[0081] Please see Figure 14 In some embodiments, at least one inverted region 12 includes a plurality of inverted sub-regions 126, the plurality of inverted sub-regions 126 being arranged continuously along a first direction x, and the pattern 127 formed by the first grid 121 in which conductors are disposed in the plurality of inverted sub-regions 126 being identical.

[0082] See Figure 14 and Figure 15 In some embodiments, the pattern 127 formed by the antiphase sub-region 126 includes a first sub-pattern 127a and a second sub-pattern 127b. The first sub-pattern 127a and the second sub-pattern 127b are centrally symmetrical and interconnected, and are arranged along a second direction y, which is perpendicular to the first direction x.

[0083] See Figure 6 For example, when designing the inverting region 12, a small initial sub-region 126a of an inverting sub-region 126 is first encoded to form a first sub-shape 127a. Then, the first sub-shape 127a is rotated 180° to obtain a second sub-shape 127b. The first sub-shape 127a and the second sub-shape 127b are arranged and connected along the second direction y to obtain a parent region shape 127. By rotating the first sub-shape 127a 180° to obtain the second sub-shape 127b, on the one hand, the encoding complexity is reduced, that is, the number of codes for the corresponding area of ​​the inverting sub-region 126 can be reduced by half; on the other hand, the current flow direction of the inverting sub-region 126 is guided, increasing the probability of the occurrence of bypass and foldback currents, so as to achieve the purpose of folding and suppressing reverse current. Parent regions constructed without using rotational symmetry are prone to unexpected short-distance currents, and the current folding effect is poor, such as... Figure 17 As shown.

[0084] Next, the multiple parent region patterns 127 are translated and spliced ​​according to the direction of current conduction (i.e., the first direction x) to obtain the final configuration of the inverting region 12, namely the inverter 122. Since the inverting region 12 is spliced ​​from multiple parent region patterns 127 that can fold current, the inverting region 12 can perform multiple folds on the reverse current, suppressing the negative impact of the reverse current on the pattern gain to the greatest extent. In addition, the coding complexity of the obtained inverting region 12 is actually still equal to that of the initial sub-region 126a, thus greatly reducing the number of codes.

[0085] See Figure 14 and Figure 15 In some embodiments, the inverting region 12 further includes a continuity portion 128 that spans two adjacent inverting sub-regions 126 and is connected to the pattern 127 in the two adjacent inverting sub-regions 126 respectively.

[0086] In this embodiment, it is also proposed to add a continuous portion 128 (or mask area) at the splicing position of multiple parent region patterns 127. For example, the continuous portion 128 is a copper-clad area added to the corresponding circuit board region. The continuous portion 128 is placed on the splicing line of two adjacent parent region patterns 127, or arranged on the dividing line of two consecutive inverted sub-regions 126, spanning at least two first grids 121 in terms of dimensions in the first direction x. The shape of the continuous portion 128 is not constrained; in this embodiment, it is rectangular and symmetrical along the dividing line of the two consecutive inverted sub-regions 126. The function of the continuous portion 128 is to add an additional current path for the inverted region 12, and / or the current path of two consecutive adjacent parent region patterns 127, reducing the probability of invalid configurations with interrupted current conduction, improving the continuity of current conduction in the inverted region 12, and further compressing the possible solution space size.

[0087] See Figure 18 and Figure 19 In some embodiments, another method to improve current conduction continuity, eliminate invalid configurations that interrupt current flow, and help reduce the size of the solution space is that the patterns 127 in two adjacent antiphase sub-regions 126 may be partially overlapped.

[0088] During the copying, translation, or splicing process of the parent region graphic 127, overlapping of two parent region graphics 127 is permitted. The width of the overlapping area is not less than the length of a first grid 121. This allows for the formation of continuous conduction paths and / or additional conduction paths, reducing the probability of current interruption during the splicing of parent region graphics 127. For example, if the total length of the parent region is N×m, where N is the number of first grids 121 in the first direction x, and m is the length of the first grid 121, then when the parent region image is copied and translated, the translation distance should be less than or equal to (N-1)×m, thus creating a situation where parent regions overlap.

[0089] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 19 and Figure 20 A comparison of the current distribution with and without the continuous section 128 shows that the continuous section 128 ensures continuous current after splicing, reducing current interruptions during parent region replication, translation, and splicing. Figure 9 and Figure 20 The "×" indicates that the continuity of the current or current path is relatively poor compared to other embodiments, for example... Figure 9 relatively Figure 8 , Figure 20 relatively Figure 19 .

[0090] The antenna 100 and its design method provided in this application can greatly reduce the complexity of coding and accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm. Figure 1Taking the antenna shown as an example, using the simplified method proposed in the embodiments of this application, the number of coding bits in the transition region 13a / 13b (i.e., the number of second grids 131) can be reduced to one-quarter of the original, and the number of coding bits in the phase inversion region 12 (i.e., the number of first grids 121) can be reduced to one-twelfth of the original.

[0091] While reducing the complexity of the encoding, the upper limit of antenna 100 performance is maintained. The encoding simplification method proposed in this application effectively eliminates most invalid antenna 100 configurations—such as those with discontinuous current interruptions in the anti-phase region 12 and irregular currents in the transition regions 13a / 13b—while retaining high-performance configurations for optimization algorithms to filter. Based on the antenna 100 obtained by the method provided in this application, the vibrator 11i can maintain an in-phase current distribution, the current in the transition regions 13a / 13b does not detour or fold back, and the current in the anti-phase region 12 is sufficiently folded and suppressed.

[0092] Based on this current distribution characteristic, the antenna 100 proposed in this proposal exhibits excellent characteristics of high gain.

[0093] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes multiple oscillators arranged sequentially along a first direction, and pixelated conductor regions are provided between adjacent oscillators. The pixelated conductor regions include inverted regions, which are divided into multiple first grids arranged in an array for filling conductors. A portion of the first grids in the inverted regions are provided with conductors to form an inverter.

2. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pixelated conductor region further includes a transition region connected between the inverting region and the adjacent oscillator. The transition region is divided into multiple second grids arranged in an array for filling conductors. A portion of the second grids in the transition region is provided with conductors to form current guides. The current guides are used to configure current paths for the connected inverting region and the oscillator.

3. The antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the second grid in the first direction is greater than the length of the first grid in the first direction; and / or The length of the second grid in the second direction is not less than the length of the first grid in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

4. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When two adjacent subgrids are arranged diagonally, and no conductors are set on the subgrids on both sides of the diagonal, the diagonals of the two adjacent subgrids overlap, and the two adjacent subgrids are either the first grid with conductors or both are the second grids with conductors.

5. The antenna as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, At least one of the transition regions includes a first transition sub-region and a second transition sub-region, wherein the second grid of the conductor in the first transition sub-region is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second grid of the conductor in the second transition sub-region and is connected to each other.

6. The antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The symmetrical arrangement has its axis of symmetry parallel to the first direction.

7. The antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, At least one inverted region includes multiple inverted sub-regions, which are arranged continuously along the first direction, and the first grid of conductors disposed in the multiple inverted sub-regions forms the same pattern.

8. The antenna as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The pattern formed by the antiphase sub-region includes a first sub-pattern and a second sub-pattern. The first and second sub-patterns are centrally symmetrical and connected to each other, and are arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The inverted region further includes a continuous portion that spans two adjacent inverted sub-regions and is connected to patterns in the two adjacent inverted sub-regions, respectively.

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna resonates in a first frequency band, which includes a plurality of consecutive sub-frequency bands, and the plurality of vibrators resonate in the plurality of the sub-frequency bands respectively.

11. The antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 10, characterized in that, The dimensions of each of the oscillators along the first direction are not equal, and the dimensions of each of the oscillators along the second direction are not equal, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

12. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes a substrate, on which the antenna is formed.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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