Antenna and automotive glass
By integrating an antenna with a hollowed-out mesh structure inside the car glass, the problems of increased metal material and high complexity caused by separating the antenna and the metal heating wire are solved. This achieves the integration of signal transmission and heating, improving the driver's visibility.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHONGQING NIUTAI NETWORK TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, automotive glass requires separate installation of antennas and metal heating wires, which increases the use of metal materials, resulting in high costs and complexity, and affecting the driver's visibility.
Design an antenna in which the metal wires of the radiating component are electrically connected to the feed component. It can both receive and transmit electromagnetic waves and can also be connected to a DC power supply for heating. It adopts a hollow mesh structure to reduce the use of metal materials and can be integrated into the interior of the car glass.
It integrates signal transmission and heating functions, reduces the use of metal materials, simplifies automotive glass, and improves the driver's visibility.
Smart Images
Figure CN224502330U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This specification relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna and automotive glass. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous advancement of modern automotive technology, the function of automotive glass is no longer limited to providing visibility. To adapt to the increasing demands of in-vehicle electronics, more and more automotive glass is being designed as a composite structure integrating metal heating wires, antennas, and other functions. Among these, the automotive antenna, based on the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation, transmits signals by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. Automotive antennas typically receive or transmit signals through the interaction between conductive materials (such as metals) and electromagnetic waves. Metal heating wires can be used for defrosting and thawing, which is crucial for improving driving safety and comfort, especially in cold regions.
[0003] In existing technologies, antennas and metal heating wires are often used separately to achieve signal transmission and heating. Both the antenna and the metal heating wire require the use of metal materials, which increases the amount of metal used and the cost. In addition, the separate antenna and metal heating wire also increase the complexity of the car glass and affect the driver's visibility. Utility Model Content
[0004] This specification provides an antenna and an automotive glass. The antenna not only has signal transmission capabilities but also heating capabilities, eliminating the need for a separate metal heating wire. This reduces the use of metal materials and simplifies the automotive glass, thereby minimizing the impact on the driver's visibility.
[0005] This specification provides an antenna, which includes a radiating component and a feeder component;
[0006] The radiating component includes a metal wire, which has a hollowed-out mesh structure;
[0007] The metal wire is electrically connected to the feeder component so that the radiating component receives and / or emits electromagnetic waves.
[0008] The metal wire is also electrically connected to a DC power supply to generate heat from the radiating component.
[0009] In some embodiments, the radiating component further includes a first substrate;
[0010] The first substrate has a hollowed-out mesh structure, and the metal wires are disposed on the first substrate.
[0011] In some embodiments, the feeder component includes a power supply transmission line;
[0012] The power supply transmission line has a hollowed-out mesh structure.
[0013] In some embodiments, one end of the power supply transmission line is electrically connected to the first connection end, and the other end of the power supply transmission line is electrically connected to the radio frequency component via a coaxial cable.
[0014] In some embodiments, the feeder component further includes a second substrate;
[0015] The second substrate has a hollowed-out mesh structure, and the power supply transmission line is disposed on the second substrate.
[0016] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a first radiating component and a second radiating component, the first radiating component including a first metal wire, the second radiating component including a second metal wire, and the first metal wire and the second metal wire having a hollowed-out mesh structure;
[0017] The feeder component includes a first conductor and a second conductor that are parallel to each other.
[0018] The first metal wire is electrically connected to the first wire to enable the first radiating component to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. The first metal wire is also electrically connected to the first DC power supply to enable the first radiating component to heat up.
[0019] The second metal wire is electrically connected to the second conductor to enable the second radiating component to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. The second metal wire is also electrically connected to the second DC power supply to enable the second radiating component to generate heat.
[0020] In some embodiments, the antenna is a log-periodic antenna;
[0021] The first radiating component and the second radiating component are arranged symmetrically.
[0022] In some embodiments, a first and second parallel conductor are formed into a coplanar waveguide by a gradual change in shape.
[0023] In some embodiments, the first metal wire is electrically connected to a first DC power supply via a first switch;
[0024] The second metal wire is electrically connected to the second DC power supply via the second switch.
[0025] This specification also provides an automotive glass, which includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and the aforementioned antenna disposed between the first glass layer and the second glass layer.
[0026] In the technical solution of this specification embodiment, the metal wire of the radiating component is electrically connected to the feeder component, enabling the radiating component to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves. Thus, the antenna possesses signal transmission functionality. The metal wire of the radiating component is also electrically connected to a DC power supply to power the radiating component. Therefore, the antenna simultaneously possesses signal transmission and heating functions, eliminating the need for a separate metal heating wire. Since the metal heating wire is made of metal, eliminating the need for a separate metal heating wire reduces the use of metal materials. Furthermore, eliminating the need for a separate metal heating wire reduces the number of components on the automotive glass, thereby reducing the complexity of the automotive glass and minimizing the impact on the driver's visibility. Attached Figure Description
[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art of this specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0028] Figure 1 This is a functional structure diagram of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0029] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0030] Figure 3 Antenna S in the embodiments of this specification 11 Schematic diagram of simulation and measured results of parameters;
[0031] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the simulation and measured results of the antenna gain in the embodiments of this specification.
[0032] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the simulation and measured results of antenna efficiency in the embodiments of this specification.
[0033] Figure 6 This is the 1GHz E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0034] Figure 7 This is the 1GHz H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0035] Figure 8 This is the 3GHz E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0036] Figure 9 This is the 3GHz H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0037] Figure 10 This is the 5GHz E-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification;
[0038] Figure 11 This is the 5GHz H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiments of this specification.
[0039] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]
[0040] 1. Radiating component; 11. Grid; 12. First radiating component; 13. Second radiating component; 2. Feeder component; 21. Grid; 22. First conductor; 23. Second conductor; 24. Coplanar waveguide; 25. Coaxial cable; 26. Capacitor; 27. Radio frequency component; 28. First switch; 29. Second switch; 3. First DC power supply; 4. Second DC power supply. Detailed Implementation
[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this disclosure, and not to limit this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure are within the scope of protection of this disclosure. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.
[0042] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This specification provides an example of an antenna.
[0043] In some embodiments, the antenna may include a radiating component 1 and a feed component 2. The radiating component 1 may include a metal wire. The metal wire may be electrically connected to the feed component 2. In this way, the radiating component 1 can receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing signal transmission. The metal wire may also be electrically connected to a DC power supply. The metal wire has a certain resistance. The metal wire can generate heat when a DC current passes through it. Thus, the radiating component 1 also has a heating function.
[0044] In some embodiments, the metal wire may include a first connection end and a second connection end.
[0045] The first connection terminal can be electrically connected to the feeder component 2. Thus, the first connection terminal can be the proximal end of the radiating component 1. The radio frequency current (a high-frequency alternating current) of the feeder component 2 can be applied to the metal conductor. Based on the principle of radiation, the radio frequency current on the metal conductor can be converted into electromagnetic waves and radiated outwards. Therefore, the radiating component 1 can emit electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, based on the principle of radiation, when electromagnetic waves propagate in space and encounter the metal conductor, a radio frequency current can be induced on the metal conductor. The induced radio frequency current can be transmitted to the feeder component 2. Therefore, the radiating component 1 can receive electromagnetic waves.
[0046] The second connection end can be one end of the metal wire opposite to the first connection end (e.g., the end point), thus making it the far end of the radiating component 1. Alternatively, the second connection end can be any point on the metal wire, such as the midpoint. Both the first and second connection ends can be connected to a DC power supply. For example, the first connection end can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, and the second connection end can be electrically connected to the negative terminal. Or, for instance, the first connection end can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply, and the second connection end can be electrically connected to the positive terminal. This allows DC current to be applied to the metal wire. The metal wire itself has a certain resistance, thus generating heat when DC current flows through it.
[0047] It should be noted that the current used to receive and / or transmit electromagnetic waves is radio frequency (RF) current (high-frequency alternating current), while the current used for heating is direct current (DC). RF current and DC current have different frequencies. For example, RF current has a higher frequency (e.g., GHz), while DC current has a frequency of 0 Hz. Therefore, based on the principle of radiation, using DC current for heating avoids affecting the RF current, and thus avoids affecting the transmission and / or reception of electromagnetic waves.
[0048] Optionally, the diameter of the metal wire can be, for example, 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. This allows the metal wire to have a certain degree of conductivity and resistance, thus enabling it to simultaneously possess excellent heating and signal transmission performance. Furthermore, the metal wire can be electrically connected to a DC power supply via a resistor. For example, the second connection terminal of the metal wire can be connected to the positive or negative terminal of the DC power supply via a variable-value resistor. This allows for some adjustment of the current in the metal wire, improving safety.
[0049] In some embodiments, the outer contour of the radiating component 1 is a planar shape such as rectangle, square, rhombus, triangle, polygon, circle, ellipse, log-periodic, or fractal structure. The antenna is a rectangular antenna, square antenna, rhombus antenna, triangular antenna, polygonal antenna, circular antenna, elliptical antenna, log-periodic antenna, or fractal antenna, etc.
[0050] In some embodiments, the metal conductor can be made of known highly conductive metals, such as silver, copper, aluminum, or alloys. These materials possess both excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ensuring good signal transmission performance and heating effect. By appropriately selecting the metal material, the antenna not only achieves high efficiency during heating but also effectively avoids signal attenuation, meeting the dual requirements of communication and heating.
[0051] The metal wire can be a metal heating wire, and it can also be a perforated mesh structure. Thus, the antenna can also be called a metal heating wire mesh antenna. The shape of the mesh 11 can be rectangular, square, trapezoidal, circular, triangular, polygonal, etc., and can also be designed into special decorative patterns according to the needs of the vehicle's interior. The mesh design significantly improves the antenna's transparency, for example, allowing it to be no less than 70%, making it suitable for use with automotive glass. Furthermore, the mesh design reduces the use of metal materials, achieving a lightweight antenna. Additionally, the mesh design ensures high-frequency signal transmission and uniform heating, enhancing stability and anti-interference capabilities in the automotive environment.
[0052] In some embodiments, the radiating component 1 may consist only of metal wires. The radiating component 1 can be formed by arranging the metal wires in the shape described above. Alternatively, the radiating component 1 may also include a first substrate and metal wires. The first substrate may be a perforated mesh structure. The material of the first substrate may be a known resin (e.g., polyimide, epoxy resin, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.). The material of the first substrate may be a light-transmitting material. The metal wires are disposed on the first substrate. The radiating component 1 can be formed by arranging the first substrate with the metal wires in the shape described above.
[0053] The surface of the first substrate can be meshed using photolithography or laser etching. Current distribution characteristics can be obtained through simulation analysis, and the size and density of the mesh 11 on the first substrate can be determined based on these characteristics. For example, a wider wire width and a smaller mesh size and larger mesh distance can be used in areas with higher current, while a narrower wire width and a larger mesh size and smaller mesh distance can be used in areas with lower current. Therefore, the size and density of the mesh 11 are related to the current distribution. Optimizing the size and density of the mesh 11 based on the current distribution can achieve a balance between electrical performance and transparency. For example, while ensuring signal transmission and heating functions, the size of the mesh 11 can be increased and the mesh distance decreased to maximize transparency. Known highly conductive metal materials (such as silver, copper, aluminum, or alloys) can be selected to fabricate the metal wires. A thin film of the metal material can be deposited on the first substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or sputtering deposition techniques to form the metal wires. Since the first substrate has a perforated mesh structure, the metal wires also have a perforated mesh structure.
[0054] The first substrate and the metal wires on the first substrate are used to form the radiating component 1. For example, the first substrate with the metal wires can be arranged in the shape of the above-described outline to obtain the radiating component 1. The radiating component 1 may include the first substrate and the metal wires. Alternatively, the metal wires may be separated from the first substrate. The metal wires are used to form the radiating component 1. For example, the metal wires can be arranged in the shape of the above-described outline to obtain the radiating component 1. The radiating component 1 may consist only of the metal wires.
[0055] The radiating component 1 can be a mesh structure formed by a hollowing process. The radiating component 1 includes multiple meshes 11. The shape of the meshes 11 can be rectangular, square, trapezoidal, circular, triangular, polygonal, etc., and can also be designed as special decorative patterns according to the needs of vehicle interior decoration. Through the mesh design, not only is the transparency of the antenna significantly improved, but signal transmission performance is also ensured.
[0056] In some embodiments, the feed line component 2 may include a power supply transmission line. A metal conductor may be electrically connected to the power supply transmission line. Specifically, a first connection end of the metal conductor may be electrically connected to the power supply transmission line. One end of the power supply transmission line may be electrically connected to the metal conductor, and the other end may be electrically connected to the radio frequency component 27 via a coaxial cable 25. As an example, the coaxial cable 25 may be directly electrically connected to the radio frequency component 27. As another example, the coaxial cable 25 may also be electrically connected to the radio frequency component 27 via a capacitor 26. The capacitor 26 can block direct current from entering the radio frequency component 27, preventing direct current from damaging the radio frequency component 27.
[0057] It is worth noting that this embodiment can employ known radio frequency (RF) components 27. For example, RF components 27 include, but are not limited to, modulators and demodulators. The modulator generates an RF current based on information. The RF current is transmitted to the radiating component 1 via the coaxial cable 25 and the feed transmission line. Through the radiating component 1, the RF current can be converted into electromagnetic waves and radiated. The demodulator acquires information based on the RF current induced by the radiating component 1.
[0058] The feed transmission line is made of a known highly conductive metal, such as silver, copper, aluminum, or an alloy. These materials have excellent conductivity, ensuring good signal transmission performance. The diameter of the feed transmission line can be, for example, 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm.
[0059] The power transmission line has a perforated mesh structure. The feed line component 2 may consist only of the power transmission line. Alternatively, the feed line component 2 may also include a second substrate and the power transmission line. The second substrate may have a perforated mesh structure. The material of the second substrate may be a known resin or similar material. The material of the second substrate may be a transparent material. The power transmission line may be disposed on the second substrate.
[0060] Mesh formation can be achieved on the surface of the second substrate using photolithography or laser etching. A known highly conductive metal material can be selected to fabricate the feed transmission lines. A thin film of the metal material can be deposited on the second substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or sputtering deposition techniques to obtain the feed transmission lines. The feed transmission lines on the second and second substrates are used to form the feed line component 2. Thus, the feed line component 2 can include both the first substrate and the feed transmission lines. Alternatively, the feed transmission lines can be separated from the second substrate. The feed transmission lines are used to form the feed line component 2. Thus, the feed line component 2 can consist only of the feed transmission lines.
[0061] The feed line component 2 is a mesh structure formed by a hollowing-out process. The feed line component 2 includes multiple meshes 12. The shape of the mesh 21 can be rectangular, square, trapezoidal, circular, triangular, polygonal, etc., and can also be designed as a special decorative pattern according to the needs of the vehicle interior. Through the mesh design, the antenna's transparency is significantly improved; for example, the antenna's transparency can be no less than 70%, thus allowing the antenna to be used with automotive glass. In addition, the mesh design also achieves antenna weight reduction. Furthermore, the mesh design ensures high-frequency signal transmission performance and uniform heating.
[0062] The following is a specific example of the antenna in this manual.
[0063] In some embodiments, the antenna is a log-periodic antenna. The antenna includes a radiating element 1 and a feed element 2. The radiating element 1 and the feed element 2 can be located on the same plane, for example, on the same surface of a glass surface. Thus, the antenna can be understood as a single-layer structure overall. The radiating element 1 may include a first radiating element 12 and a second radiating element 13. The first radiating element 12 and the second radiating element 13 are symmetrically arranged. The feed element 2 includes a feed transmission line. The feed transmission line includes a first conductor 22 and a second conductor 23 that are parallel to each other. Thus, the log-periodic antenna can be fed using parallel dual conductors.
[0064] In some embodiments, the first radiating component 12 may include a first metal wire. The first metal wire may be a perforated mesh structure. The first metal wire may be electrically connected to the first wire 22 to enable the first radiating component 12 to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. The second radiating component 13 may include a second metal wire. The second metal wire may be a perforated mesh structure. The second metal wire may be electrically connected to the second wire 23 to enable the second radiating component 13 to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. Thus, the first wire 22 can drive the first radiating component 12, and the second wire 23 can drive the second radiating component 13.
[0065] The parallel first conductor 22 and second conductor 23 can be gradually transformed into a coplanar waveguide 24. This gradual transformation allows for a gradual change in the physical dimensions of the feed transmission line (e.g., the width of the feed transmission line, the spacing between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23), smoothly transitioning the impedance of the parallel twin conductors (e.g., 300Ω) to the impedance of the coplanar waveguide 24 (e.g., 50Ω), achieving impedance matching. This optimizes the signal transmission path, reduces reflection loss, ensures efficient signal transmission, and further improves antenna performance. During this gradual transformation, the structure of the feed transmission line also gradually transitions from a parallel twin conductor form to a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The coplanar waveguide 24 can be a planar transmission line, including a central conductor strip and two adjacent ground layers. The gradual transformation process could be, for example, the width of the first conductor 22 gradually increases, evolving into the central conductor strip. The width of the second conductor 23 gradually increases and splits, evolving into the two ground layers.
[0066] The coplanar waveguide 24 can be electrically connected to the coaxial cable 25. The coaxial cable 25 can be electrically connected to the radio frequency component 27 through the capacitor 26. The capacitor 26 can block direct current from entering the radio frequency component 27, preventing direct current from damaging the radio frequency component 27.
[0067] In some embodiments, the first metal wire can also be electrically connected to the first DC power supply 3 to generate heat in the first radiating component 12. Thus, the first radiating component 12 can simultaneously perform signal transmission and heating functions. The second metal wire can also be electrically connected to the second DC power supply 4 to generate heat in the second radiating component 13. Thus, the second radiating component 13 can simultaneously perform signal transmission and heating functions. The first DC power supply 3 and the second DC power supply 4 can be the same or different.
[0068] For example, the first metal wire includes a first sub-connection terminal and a second sub-connection terminal. The first sub-connection terminal is used for electrical connection with the first wire 22. The second sub-connection terminal can be one end (e.g., the end) of the first metal wire opposite to the first sub-connection terminal. Thus, the second sub-connection terminal can be the distal end of the first radiating component 12. Alternatively, the second sub-connection terminal can be any point on the first metal wire, such as the midpoint of the first metal wire. The first and second sub-connection terminals can be electrically connected to the first DC power supply 3. For example, the first sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first DC power supply 3, and the second sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first DC power supply 3. Or, for another example, the first sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first DC power supply 3, and the second sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first DC power supply 3. In this way, DC current can be applied to the first metal wire. The first metal wire itself has a certain resistance, thus generating a certain amount of heat when DC current passes through it. The second metal wire includes a third sub-connection terminal and a fourth sub-connection terminal. The third sub-connection terminal is used for electrical connection with the second wire 23. The fourth sub-connection can be the end of the second metal wire opposite to the third sub-connection (e.g., the end point). Thus, the fourth sub-connection can be the distal end of the second radiating component 13. Alternatively, the fourth sub-connection can be any point on the second metal wire, such as the midpoint. The third and fourth sub-connections can be electrically connected to the second DC power supply 4. For example, the third sub-connection can be connected to the positive terminal of the second DC power supply 4, and the fourth sub-connection can be connected to the negative terminal. Or, for instance, the third sub-connection can be connected to the negative terminal of the second DC power supply 4, and the fourth sub-connection can be connected to the positive terminal. This allows DC current to be applied to the second metal wire. The second metal wire itself has a certain resistance, thus generating heat when DC current passes through it.
[0069] The first and third sub-connection terminals can be understood as sub-connection terminals of the first connection terminal mentioned above. The second and fourth sub-connection terminals can be understood as sub-connection terminals of the second connection terminal mentioned above.
[0070] The first metal wire can be directly connected to the first DC power supply 3. Alternatively, the first metal wire can also be connected to the first DC power supply 3 via the first switch 28. For example, the first sub-connection terminal can be connected to the first DC power supply 3 via the first switch 28. The heating function of the first radiating component 12 can be turned on and off via the first switch 28.
[0071] The second metal wire can be directly connected to the first DC power supply 3. Alternatively, the second metal wire can also be connected to the second DC power supply 4 via the second switch 29. For example, the third sub-connection terminal can be connected to the second DC power supply 4 via the second switch 29. The heating function of the second radiating component 13 can be turned on and off via the second switch 29.
[0072] For example, when signal transmission using the first radiating component 12 and the second radiating component 12 is required, the first switch 28 and the second switch 29 can be turned off to disable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13; alternatively, the first switch 28 can be turned off and the second switch 29 can be turned on to disable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and enable the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13; alternatively, the first switch 28 and the second switch 29 can be turned on to enable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13. As another example, when signal transmission using the first radiating component 12 and the second radiating component 12 is not required, the first switch 28 and the second switch 29 can be turned off to disable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and enable the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13; alternatively, the first switch 28 can be turned off and the second switch 29 can be turned on to disable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and enable the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13; alternatively, the first switch 28 and the second switch 29 can be turned on to enable the heating function of the first radiating component 12 and the heating function of the second auxiliary component 13.
[0073] Optionally, the first metal wire can also be electrically connected to the first DC power supply 3 via the first switch 28 and the first RF choke. For example, the first sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the first DC power supply 3 in sequence via the first switch 28 and the first RF choke. The second metal wire can also be electrically connected to the second DC power supply 4 via the second switch 29 and the second RF choke. For example, the third sub-connection terminal can be electrically connected to the second DC power supply 4 in sequence via the second switch 29 and the second RF choke.
[0074] A radio frequency (RF) choke is an inductive component used in high-frequency circuits to isolate DC and AC current. An RF choke blocks radio frequency (RF) current, preventing it from affecting the DC power supply, while still allowing DC current to flow.
[0075] Optionally, the diameters of the first and second metal wires can be, for example, 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. This allows the diameters of the first and second metal wires to be within a certain range, thus enabling both the first and second metal wires to possess a certain degree of conductivity and resistance, thereby allowing them to simultaneously possess excellent heating function and signal transmission performance. Furthermore, the first metal wire can also be electrically connected to the first DC power supply 3 via a resistor. For example, the second sub-connection terminal of the first metal wire can be connected to the positive or negative terminal of the first DC power supply 3 via a variable-value resistor. This allows for some adjustment of the current in the first metal wire, improving safety. The second metal wire can also be electrically connected to the second DC power supply 4 via a resistor. For example, the fourth sub-connection terminal of the second metal wire can be connected to the positive or negative terminal of the second DC power supply 4 via a variable-value resistor. This allows for some adjustment of the current in the second metal wire, improving safety.
[0076] In some embodiments, in the first radiating component 12, the first metal conductor may not need to be disposed on the first substrate. Therefore, the first radiating component 12 may only include the first metal conductor. In the second radiating component 13, the second metal conductor may not need to be disposed on the first substrate. Therefore, the second radiating component 13 may only include the second metal conductor. Alternatively, in the first radiating component 12, the first metal conductor may be disposed on the first substrate. Therefore, the first radiating component 12 may include the first substrate and the first metal conductor disposed on the first substrate. In the second radiating component 13, the second metal conductor may be disposed on the first substrate. Therefore, the second radiating component 13 may include the first substrate and the second metal conductor disposed on the first substrate.
[0077] The first substrate can be a perforated mesh structure. The first radiating component 12 and the second radiating component 13 can also be perforated mesh structures. For details regarding the first substrate and the perforated mesh structure, please refer to the foregoing embodiments. Further details will not be repeated here.
[0078] In the feed line component 2, the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 may not need to be disposed on the second substrate. Therefore, the feed line component 2 may only include a power transmission line. Alternatively, in the feed line component 2, the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 may be disposed on the second substrate. Specifically, the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 may be disposed on the same second substrate or on different second substrates. Thus, the feed line component 2 may include the first conductor 22, the second conductor 23, and the second substrate.
[0079] The second substrate can be a perforated mesh structure. The feed line component 2 can also be a perforated mesh structure. For details regarding the second substrate and the perforated mesh structure, please refer to the aforementioned embodiments. Further details will not be repeated here.
[0080] In some embodiments, the dimensional parameters of the log-periodic antenna may be as shown in Table 1 below.
[0081] Table 1
[0082] parameter numerical values parameter numerical values r1 87mm ∠1 109.6° r2 110mm wf 2.5mm lg 102mm w1 3.5mm lf 252mm w2 0.5mm wg 34mm
[0083] In Table 1 above, r1 represents the radius; r2 represents the radius; lg represents the sum of the shape gradient and the length of the coplanar waveguide; lf represents the length of the feed transmission line; wg represents the width of the coplanar waveguide; ∠1 represents the central angle; wf represents the width of the center guide strip of the coplanar waveguide; w2 represents the width of the first conductor; and w1 represents the sum of the width of the center guide strip and the gap between it and the ground layer.
[0084] In some embodiments, the electrical performance of the antenna can be tested. For example, a network analyzer (such as a VNA) can be used to measure the antenna's standing wave ratio (VSWR) and reflection loss to ensure good impedance matching and that signal transmission meets design requirements. Additionally, the antenna's heating performance can be tested to verify its uniform heating effect in real-world automotive environments, ensuring rapid defrosting and heating of windows in low-temperature conditions.
[0085] Please see Figure 3 . Figure 3 Antenna S is shown 11 Simulation and measured results for the parameter (reflection coefficient). Both simulation and measured results show that the corresponding VSWR (Standing Wave Ratio) is below 2.5 in the 0.69 GHz to 5 GHz frequency band. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement. 11 The parameter is a radio frequency parameter of the antenna, used to describe the impedance matching performance between the radiating component and the feeder component.
[0086] Please see Figure 4 . Figure 4 The simulation and measured results of the antenna gain are shown. The measured results include those with the antenna placed horizontally and those with the antenna placed vertically. In both the simulation and measured results, the value is relatively large, greater than 6dB, between 3GHz and 5GHz; before 3GHz, the simulation result is greater than the measured result; after 3GHz, there is a short period where the measured result is greater than the simulation result, and then they tend to be consistent.
[0087] Please see Figure 5 . Figure 5Simulation and measured results for antenna efficiency are shown. The measured results include those with the antenna placed horizontally and those with it placed vertically. In both simulation and measured results, the simulated efficiency is generally greater than 0.9 in the 0.69 GHz–5 GHz frequency band, while the measured efficiency is lower than the simulated efficiency. A possible reason is that simulations typically assume ideal antenna materials, while the materials used in actual antennas (such as conductors and dielectrics) may have losses. The resistance of the conductor and the loss factor of the dielectric can lead to power loss, as well as manufacturing errors, thus affecting antenna efficiency.
[0088] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna at 1 GHz are shown. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna at 3 GHz are shown. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna at 5 GHz are shown. Figures 6 to 11 This includes both simulation results and measured results. Figures 6 to 11 In the diagram, the vertical axis represents the antenna gain, and the unit of antenna gain is dBi. From... Figures 6 to 11 It can be seen that the antenna radiates perpendicularly to the glass surface, covering the interior and exterior spaces of the vehicle and serving high-speed wireless communication in the vehicle.
[0089] With the continuous development of in-vehicle communication, navigation, entertainment, and safety systems, the technology of in-vehicle antennas is also constantly advancing. The design of in-vehicle antennas must not only meet functional and performance requirements but also consider factors such as vehicle appearance, wind resistance, signal quality, and space utilization. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, especially the widespread application of automotive communication and navigation systems, integrated antennas for automotive glass have become an important research direction. Traditional automotive antennas are mostly externally mounted, increasing air resistance and limiting their design in relation to the vehicle's exterior. Furthermore, in-vehicle metal heating wires can be used for defrosting and thawing, which is crucial for improving driving safety and comfort, especially in cold regions. Current technology requires separate installation of antennas and metal heating wires on the automotive glass for signal transmission and heating. Both antennas and heating wires require metal materials, increasing material usage and thus cost. Additionally, the independently installed antennas and heating wires increase the complexity of the automotive glass and affect the driver's visibility.
[0090] Therefore, this specification also provides an automotive glass. The automotive glass includes a first layer of glass, a second layer of glass, and the aforementioned antenna disposed between the first and second layers of glass. Thus, the antenna of this specification embodiment can be embedded within the internal layers of the glass. The upper and lower layers of the antenna use glass as substrates and are conformally fitted to the vehicle body. It can operate reliably for extended periods during vehicle use, exhibiting high durability and stability. Especially under the influence of changes in temperature and humidity in the internal and external environment of the vehicle, the antenna's performance is not easily damaged, and it can provide high-quality heating and communication functions stably over a long period. Furthermore, the antenna itself possesses technical advantages such as high transparency, excellent signal transmission performance, and efficient heating. Embedding the antenna within the automotive glass can resolve the conflict between the heating of the automotive glass and the antenna signal transmission, meeting the comprehensive needs of modern automobiles for safety, comfort, and communication functions, and therefore has broad application prospects.
[0091] The aforementioned automotive glass includes, but is not limited to, front windshields, rear windshields, and sunroofs.
[0092] In some embodiments, high-temperature bonding technology or UV-cured adhesives can be used to attach the antenna to the first and second glass layers. This positions the antenna in the middle layer of the automotive glass, ensuring stable operation of the antenna within the window glass over extended periods. Alternatively, the antenna can be directly attached to the first and second glass layers. Or, the antenna surface can be covered with a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film, and then the PVB-covered antenna can be attached to the first and second glass layers.
[0093] In some embodiments, the antenna can cover the 0.7 GHz to 5 GHz frequency band, enabling high-speed wireless communication services for automobiles.
[0094] In some embodiments, the antenna can be a metal heating wire mesh antenna for automotive glass. The mesh design ensures that the antenna's transparency is not less than 70%, thus enabling its application to automotive glass.
[0095] Those skilled in the art will understand that the descriptions of the various embodiments in this specification have different focuses, and parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Furthermore, it is understood that those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can conceive of any combination of some or all of the embodiments listed in this specification without creative effort, and such combinations are also within the scope of disclosure and protection of this specification.
[0096] Although this specification has been described through embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the core ideas of this specification. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations and modifications are possible with this specification. It is intended that the appended claims encompass these variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of this specification.
Claims
1. An antenna, characterized by The antenna includes a radiating component and a feeder component; The radiating component includes a metal wire, which has a hollowed-out mesh structure; The metal wire is electrically connected to the feeder component so that the radiating component receives and / or emits electromagnetic waves. The metal wire is also electrically connected to a DC power supply to generate heat from the radiating component.
2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating component also includes a first substrate; The first substrate has a hollowed-out mesh structure, and the metal wires are disposed on the first substrate.
3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The feeder component includes a power transmission line; The power supply transmission line has a hollowed-out mesh structure.
4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the power supply transmission line is electrically connected to the metal conductor, and the other end of the power supply transmission line is electrically connected to the radio frequency component via a coaxial cable.
5. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feeder component also includes a second substrate; The second substrate has a hollowed-out mesh structure, and the power supply transmission line is disposed on the second substrate.
6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna includes a first radiating component and a second radiating component. The first radiating component includes a first metal wire, and the second radiating component includes a second metal wire. The first metal wire and the second metal wire are a hollow mesh structure. The feeder component includes a first conductor and a second conductor that are parallel to each other. The first metal wire is electrically connected to the first wire to enable the first radiating component to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. The first metal wire is also electrically connected to the first DC power supply to enable the first radiating component to heat up. The second metal wire is electrically connected to the second conductor to enable the second radiating component to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. The second metal wire is also electrically connected to the second DC power supply to enable the second radiating component to generate heat.
7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antenna is a log-periodic antenna; The first radiating component and the second radiating component are arranged symmetrically.
8. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first and second parallel conductors form a coplanar waveguide through a gradual change in shape.
9. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first metal wire is electrically connected to the first DC power supply via the first switch; The second metal wire is electrically connected to the second DC power supply via the second switch.
10. An automotive glass, characterized in that, The automotive glass includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an antenna disposed between the first glass layer and the second glass layer as described in any one of claims 1-9.