An E-shaped patch antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses an E type patch antenna relates to microstrip antenna technical field. The E type patch antenna includes radiating patch subassembly and feed system, and the radiating patch subassembly includes double -layer printed circuit board structure, and top layer is arranged as E type groove patch, and bottom layer is arranged as ground plate, and the E type groove patch is connected through PCB interlayer structure with ground plate, and the feed system is used for stable transmission signal. The E type patch antenna provided by the utility model is used for through optimizing antenna structure design, and the working bandwidth is widened, and the phased array scanning performance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microstrip antenna technology, and in particular to an E-type patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern wireless communication, microstrip patch antennas are widely used in various wireless communication systems due to their advantages such as simple structure, ease of integration, and low cost. However, traditional microstrip patch antennas have some inherent defects that severely limit their application in high-performance systems.

[0003] First, the relative bandwidth of ordinary rectangular patch antennas is usually relatively narrow, making it difficult to meet the ever-growing demands of modern ultra-wideband (UWB) and multi-band communication. In addition, poor large-angle scanning performance is also a shortcoming of traditional microstrip patch antennas. In some communication or radar systems that require large-angle scanning, this performance deficiency makes it difficult for traditional microstrip patch antennas to meet the requirements. Moreover, the mutual coupling problem is particularly prominent in dense arrays composed of traditional microstrip patch antennas.

[0004] To address these issues with traditional microstrip patch antennas, existing technologies have proposed several improvements. For example, multi-layer patch structures and U-slot structures can improve antenna bandwidth to some extent. However, multi-layer patch structures often suffer from complex fabrication, requiring more processing steps and higher precision, which not only increases production costs but may also reduce production efficiency. While U-slot structures offer some bandwidth improvement, they still fall short in scanning performance and cannot fully meet the demands of high-performance systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an E-type patch antenna, which can improve the working bandwidth and phased array scanning performance by optimizing the antenna structure design.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An E-type patch antenna includes a radiating patch assembly and a feeding system. The radiating patch assembly includes a double-layer printed circuit board structure, with the top layer being an E-type slot patch and the bottom layer being a ground plane. The E-type slot patch and the ground plane are connected through an interlayer structure of the PCB. The feeding system is used for stable signal transmission.

[0008] Optionally, the E-groove patch is provided with a main groove and a transverse small groove. The main groove has a U-shaped structure, and the transverse small groove is perpendicular to the U-shaped main groove, together forming an E-groove structure. The geometry of the E-groove structure is formed on the PCB surface by etching process.

[0009] Optionally, the opening direction of the U-shaped main groove is parallel to the edge of the patch, the transverse groove extends perpendicular to the opening direction of the U-shaped main groove, and the length of the transverse groove is less than the width of the U-shaped main groove, so as to form a multi-resonance mode excitation structure.

[0010] Optionally, the number of transverse slots is at least one, and the spacing between adjacent transverse slots is equal.

[0011] Optionally, the power supply system includes a microstrip line, a stripline, and a transition connection structure. The microstrip line is integrated with the E-slot patch, the stripline forms a shielded transmission path with the ground plane, and the transition connection structure realizes impedance matching and signal transition between the microstrip line and the stripline.

[0012] Optionally, the power supply system supports coaxial connector welding to form a back-feed or side-feed connection port.

[0013] Optionally, the ground plane is a metal layer with an area greater than or equal to the projected area of ​​the E-slot patch. The ground plane is used to shield electromagnetic interference below and reflect electromagnetic waves from the radiating patch.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the E-type patch antenna provided by this utility model can effectively improve bandwidth through E-type slot structure design and optimized current distribution, which has obvious advantages over traditional U-type slot antennas and can better meet the wide bandwidth requirements of modern communication systems. In addition, in phased array scanning applications, it can maintain good impedance matching and stable gain during large-angle scanning, effectively improving the problem of poor large-angle scanning performance of traditional microstrip patch antennas and improving the overall performance of phased array systems. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the E-type patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A top view of the E-type patch antenna provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 The image shows a bottom view of the E-type patch antenna provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Figure label:

[0019] 100-Type E patch antenna; 1-Type E slot patch; 11-U-shaped main slot; 12-Horizontal small slot; 2-Ground plate; 3-Back feed connection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-3 The E-type patch antenna 100 provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes a radiating patch assembly and a feeding system. The radiating patch assembly includes a double-layer printed circuit board structure, with the top layer being an E-type slot patch 1 and the bottom layer being a ground plane 2. The E-type slot patch 1 and the ground plane 2 are connected through an interlayer PCB structure, and the two PCB layers are isolated by a dielectric layer to form a sandwich structure, ensuring electromagnetic isolation and signal coupling. The feeding system is used for stable signal transmission.

[0026] Specifically, the E-groove patch 1 is provided with a main groove and a transverse small groove 12. The main groove is a U-shaped structure, and the transverse small groove 12 is perpendicular to the U-shaped main groove 11, together forming an E-groove structure. The geometry of the E-groove structure is formed on the PCB surface by etching process.

[0027] Furthermore, the opening direction of the U-shaped main groove 11 is parallel to the edge of the patch, and the transverse groove 12 extends in a direction perpendicular to the opening direction of the U-shaped main groove 11, and the length of the transverse groove 12 is less than the width of the U-shaped main groove 11, so as to form a multi-resonance mode excitation structure.

[0028] Here, the U-shaped main slot 11 provides the basic resonance, while the transverse slots 12 increase the current path length, change the current distribution (e.g., disperse concentrated current into multi-path current), and extend the resonant frequency. The geometric parameters of the slot structure, such as slot length, slot width, and spacing, are optimized through simulation, such as ANSYS HFSS parameter scanning, to achieve broadband impedance matching.

[0029] In addition, there is at least one transverse groove 12, and the spacing between adjacent transverse grooves 12 is equal.

[0030] In this application, the power supply system includes a microstrip line, a stripline, and a transition connection structure. The microstrip line is integrated with the E-slot patch 1 to facilitate PCB manufacturing. The stripline and the ground plane 2 form a shielded transmission path to reduce losses and electromagnetic leakage. The transition connection structure enables impedance matching and signal transition between the microstrip line and the stripline, ensuring smooth signal transmission.

[0031] In addition, the power supply system supports coaxial connector soldering, such as SMA or N-type, to form back-feed or side-feed connection ports. In this application, the power supply system includes a back-feed connection hole 3 to connect to external radio frequency equipment, adapting to array integration requirements.

[0032] In this application, the ground plane 2 is a metal layer with an area greater than or equal to the projected area of ​​the E-groove patch 1. The ground plane 2 is used to shield electromagnetic interference below and reflect electromagnetic waves from the radiating patch.

[0033] In practice:

[0034] In the actual manufacturing of the E-type patch antenna 100, a suitable double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) material is selected, and the E-type slot patch 1 is precisely machined on the top layer through an etching process. During the etching process, process parameters are strictly controlled to ensure that the dimensional accuracy of the E-type slot meets the design requirements, especially the dimensions of the U-shaped main slot 11 and the transverse small slot 12, as they directly affect the resonant characteristics of the antenna. The bottom ground plane 2 is also manufactured through an etching process to ensure its surface flatness and dimensional accuracy, thereby achieving good shielding and reflection effects.

[0035] Next, the power supply system is installed. The microstrip line is integrated with the PCB to ensure reliable connections and electrical performance. Then, a suitable process is used to transition the stripline and microstrip line, achieving low-loss signal transmission. Finally, the coaxial connector is soldered to the power supply system for easy connection to external RF equipment.

[0036] After the antenna was fabricated, ANSYS HFSS 2023 software was used for simulation and optimization. The software's parametric scanning function was used to adjust and analyze key antenna parameters such as slot length, slot width, and feed position. Based on the simulation results, the impact of different parameter combinations on antenna performance was evaluated, and the antenna design parameters were continuously optimized to meet performance requirements such as a working bandwidth of 9-10 GHz and an antenna gain ≥8 dBi. In practical applications, depending on different communication scenarios and system requirements, some antenna parameters can be fine-tuned to achieve optimal performance. For example, in scenarios with higher bandwidth requirements, the slot structure can be further optimized, and parameters such as slot length and slot width can be adjusted to broaden the antenna's working bandwidth. In phased array applications with stringent scanning performance requirements, the feed position and current distribution can be optimized to improve the performance stability during phased array scanning.

[0037] Furthermore, the E-slot of the E-slot patch 1 in this invention can be replaced with an H-slot or an L-slot according to actual needs. These slot variants still retain multi-resonance characteristics and can meet the special requirements of different application scenarios for antenna performance to a certain extent.

[0038] In addition to FR4, the substrate material used for radiating patches can also be replaced with F4B or PTFE, depending on the balance between performance and cost. When selecting a substrate material, factors such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, mechanical properties, and cost need to be considered comprehensively. For example, F4B may be superior to FR4 in some performance aspects, but its cost is also relatively higher, requiring a reasonable selection based on the specific application scenario and cost budget.

[0039] As can be seen from the structure and specific implementation process of the E-type patch antenna 100 described above, the bandwidth can be effectively improved through the E-type slot structure design and optimized current distribution. It has obvious advantages over the traditional U-type slot antenna and can better meet the wide bandwidth requirements of modern communication systems. In addition, in phased array scanning applications, it can maintain good impedance matching and stable gain during large-angle scanning, effectively improving the problem of poor large-angle scanning performance of traditional microstrip patch antennas and improving the overall performance of the phased array system.

[0040] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0041] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An E-type patch antenna, characterized in that, The device includes a radiating patch assembly and a power supply system. The radiating patch assembly includes a double-layer printed circuit board structure, with the top layer being an E-slot patch and the bottom layer being a ground plane. The E-slot patch and the ground plane are connected through an interlayer PCB structure. The power supply system is used for stable signal transmission. The E-groove patch is provided with a main groove and a transverse small groove. The main groove has a U-shaped structure. The transverse small groove is perpendicular to the U-shaped main groove and together they form an E-groove structure. The geometry of the E-groove structure is formed on the PCB surface by etching process. The opening direction of the U-shaped main groove is parallel to the edge of the patch, and the transverse small groove extends perpendicular to the opening direction of the U-shaped main groove, and the length of the transverse small groove is less than the width of the U-shaped main groove, so as to form a multi-resonance mode excitation structure. The power supply system includes a microstrip line, a stripline, and a transition connection structure. The microstrip line is integrated with the E-slot patch, the stripline forms a shielded transmission path with the ground plane, and the transition connection structure realizes impedance matching and signal transition between the microstrip line and the stripline.

2. The E-type patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of transverse slots is at least one, and the spacing between adjacent transverse slots is equal.

3. The E-type patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system supports coaxial connector welding to form back-feed or side-feed connection ports.

4. The E-type patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground plane is a metal layer with an area greater than or equal to the projected area of ​​the E-slot patch. The ground plane is used to shield electromagnetic interference below and reflect electromagnetic waves from the radiating patch.

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