Laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection device, belongs to the technical field of laser tube power supply, especially relates to laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection, solves the problem that the prior art cannot monitor the power supply state in real time, and cannot disconnect the power supply output immediately when a fault occurs, thereby cannot protect the power supply itself and other equipment safety, the device includes: power module, singlechip system, current acquisition unit, voltage acquisition unit, 485 communication module, output and alarm module and display module, the laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection device is suitable for real -time monitoring and open circuit and short circuit protection of laser tube power supply state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser tube power supply technology, and in particular to open-circuit and short-circuit protection for laser tube power supplies. Background Technology

[0002] When a laser tube is working, the laser power supply provides a continuous stream of electrical energy to excite it. During operation, the laser tube power supply generates tens of thousands of volts of high voltage. This voltage, applied across the tube, drives the laser tube to emit light. If the laser tube malfunctions, the high voltage will be released into other devices in space, causing damage and resulting in economic losses. At the same time, prolonged no-load discharge will also damage the power supply itself.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device that can monitor the power supply status in real time during the operation of the laser tube power supply and immediately disconnect the power output in case of a fault, so as to protect the power supply itself and other equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention proposes a laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device, which solves the problems of existing technologies that cannot monitor the power supply status in real time and cannot immediately disconnect the power output when a fault occurs, thus failing to protect the power supply itself and other equipment.

[0005] The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device of this utility model includes: a power supply module, a microcontroller system, a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a 485 communication module, an output and alarm module, and a display module;

[0006] The microcontroller system is equipped with a control unit;

[0007] The current acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the operating current signal of the laser tube power supply; the current acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired operating current signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit.

[0008] The voltage acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply; the voltage acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit.

[0009] The control unit determines the operating status of the laser tube power supply based on the acquired operating current signal and operating voltage signal, and outputs an operating status signal:

[0010] Compare the operating current signal and operating voltage signal with the given threshold values ​​respectively:

[0011] If the operating current signal is less than the given current threshold, or the operating voltage signal is greater than the given voltage threshold, then the operating state is abnormal.

[0012] Otherwise, the working status is normal;

[0013] The microcontroller system is connected to the display module via a 485 communication module, sending the operating current signal, operating voltage signal, and operating status signal to the display module; the display module displays the operating current, operating voltage, and operating status of the laser tube power supply on the interface.

[0014] The microcontroller system is connected to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module is connected to the laser tube power supply. When the working state is abnormal, the microcontroller system sends a disconnect output command to the laser tube power supply through the output and alarm module to disconnect the output of the laser tube power supply. At the same time, the microcontroller system sends an alarm command to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module issues an alarm prompt.

[0015] The power module is connected to an external power signal, and after regulating and filtering the external power, it supplies power to the microcontroller system, the 485 communication module, the output and alarm module, and the display module.

[0016] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the power supply module includes a voltage regulator circuit:

[0017] The voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator Q1, a filter capacitor C11, a filter capacitor C12, and a +12V input voltage; the voltage regulator circuit is as follows:

[0018] The voltage regulator Q1 includes pin 1, pin 2, and pin 3; wherein:

[0019] Pin 1 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the input terminal, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C12 and the +12V input voltage.

[0020] Pin 2 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the ground terminal and is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND;

[0021] Pin 3 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the voltage output terminal after voltage regulation, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C11 and the power supply voltage VCC.

[0022] The other end of filter capacitor C12 and the other end of filter capacitor C11 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0023] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the power supply module further includes a filtering circuit:

[0024] The filter circuit includes filter capacitors C14, C15, C16, and C17;

[0025] The filter capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 form a multi-capacitor parallel structure;

[0026] One end of the multi-capacitor parallel structure is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, forming a parallel filter network.

[0027] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided in which the control unit is a microcontroller.

[0028] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the microcontroller system includes: a microcontroller core circuit, a serial communication interface circuit, and an expansion interface circuit;

[0029] The microcontroller core circuit includes a microcontroller clock circuit and a microcontroller power supply circuit.

[0030] The microcontroller clock circuit is as follows:

[0031] The power supply voltage VCC is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through the filter capacitor C13 for filtering.

[0032] The ADC_AVCC analog power supply pin and XVREF reference voltage pin of the microcontroller are electrically connected to the filtered power supply voltage VCC to provide a stable power supply for the microcontroller.

[0033] The positive pin of the microcontroller's VCC power supply is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC;

[0034] The microcontroller's GND power ground pin and ADC_AGND analog ground pin are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, respectively.

[0035] The microcontroller power supply circuit is as follows:

[0036] Crystal X1 is connected between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of the microcontroller. Its two ends are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through capacitors C18 and C19 respectively, forming an oscillation circuit to generate the clock signal required for the operation of the microcontroller.

[0037] The serial communication interface circuit is as follows:

[0038] The J4 interface is used to realize the physical connection between the microcontroller and the external serial port device, supporting asynchronous serial communication;

[0039] The interface J4 is a 4-pin interface. Pin 1 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, pin 4 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R16, and pin 3 is electrically connected to the output terminal of inverter U5B.

[0040] The other end of resistor R16 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R19 and the input terminal of inverter U5A; the other end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND; the output terminal of inverter U5A is electrically connected to the RXD receiver pin of the microcontroller.

[0041] The input terminal of inverter U5B is electrically connected to the TXD transmitter pin of the microcontroller;

[0042] The expansion interface circuit is as follows:

[0043] The J3 interface is used to realize the external expansion of multiple digital signals. The J3 interface is a 10-pin interface. Its pins 1 and 2 are electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, its pins 9 and 10 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, its pins 3 to 7 are electrically connected to the P61, P62, P63, P14 and P44 pins of the microcontroller respectively, and its pin 8 is electrically connected to the positive VCC power supply pin of the microcontroller.

[0044] The J5 interface is used to realize the external expansion of a single signal; the J5 interface is a 2-pin interface, with pin 1 electrically connected to the P73 pin of the microcontroller and pin 2 electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0045] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the current acquisition unit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C5, resistor R13, resistor R6, resistor R3, capacitor C22, operational amplifier U14A, operational amplifier U14B, resistor R5, resistor R22, Zener clamp diode D5, Zener clamp diode D7, resistor R7, resistor R8, high voltage negative terminal HV-, and interface J2;

[0046] Interface J2 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2;

[0047] The microcontroller's P02 pin is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6; the other end of capacitor C2 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R3 and the output terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of resistor R3 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A and one end of resistor R5; the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the positive power supply terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C22 and the power supply voltage VCC; the other end of capacitor C22 is electrically connected to ground GND.

[0048] The other end of resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D7, one end of resistor R7, one end of resistor R8, the high voltage negative terminal HV-, pin 1 of interface J2, and one end of resistor R22; the other end of Zener clamp diode D7, the other end of resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R8 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND and pin 2 of interface J2.

[0049] The other end of resistor R22 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D5 and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of Zener clamp diode D5 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0050] The inverting input terminal of op-amp U14A is electrically connected to the output terminal of op-amp U14A and one end of resistor R13; the other end of resistor R13 is electrically connected to the P12 pin of the microcontroller and one end of capacitor C5; the other end of capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0051] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the voltage acquisition unit includes: a current-limiting resistor R24, a filter capacitor C21, an operational amplifier U14C, a feedback resistor R23, a resistor R25, an interface J6, a Zener clamp diode D6, a resistor R26, and a resistor R27.

[0052] Interface J6 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2;

[0053] The P11 pin of the microcontroller is electrically connected to one end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​and one end of the filter capacitor C21.

[0054] The other end of the filter capacitor C21 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND;

[0055] The other end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U14C and one end of the feedback resistor R23;

[0056] The other end of the feedback resistor R23 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U14C;

[0057] The non-inverting input terminal of op-amp U14C is electrically connected to one end of resistor R25;

[0058] The other end of resistor R25 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D6, one end of resistor R26, one end of resistor R27, and pin 1 of interface J6.

[0059] The other end of the Zener clamp diode D6, the other end of resistor R26, the other end of resistor R27, and pin 2 of interface J6 are electrically connected to ground GND.

[0060] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the output and alarm module includes: a laser tube power connector H1, a multi-channel driver chip U2, an alarm U3, resistors R11, R14, and R15, capacitors C6 and C10, resistors R21 and R20, resistors R1, R2, and R4, capacitor C1, diode D1, resistor R9, capacitor C3, resistors R10 and R12, and capacitor C4;

[0061] The laser tube power connector H1 includes a ten-pin port and 10 pins; the ten-pin port of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to connect to the corresponding connector of the laser tube power supply.

[0062] The laser tube power connector H1 has 10 pins, including pins 1 to 10. Pin 4 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 6 is used to provide the power supply voltage VCC, pin 7 is used to receive the disconnect output command, pin 8 is used to provide the +12V input voltage, and pin 9 is used to provide the high voltage negative terminal HV-.

[0063] The multi-channel driver chip U2 includes input pins, output pins, power supply pins, and ground pins. The input pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include IN0 to IN6 pins, which are used to receive instructions from the microcontroller system. The output pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include OUT1 to OUT6 and OUT10 pins. The power supply pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the COM pin. The ground pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the GND pin.

[0064] The alarm U3 is powered by power supply voltage VCC.

[0065] Pin 1 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R21 and one end of resistor R1; the other end of resistor R21 is electrically connected to pin P00 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0066] Pin 2 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R20 and one end of resistor R2; the other end of resistor R20 is electrically connected to pin P01 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC.

[0067] Pin 3 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1; the positive terminal of diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R4, one end of capacitor C1, and pin P27 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; and the other end of capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0068] Pin 5 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R9; the other end of resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C3 and pin P03 of the microcontroller; the other end of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to ground GND.

[0069] Pin 6 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R10; the other end of resistor R10 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R12, one end of capacitor C4, and pin P10 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R12 and the other end of capacitor C4 are electrically connected to ground GND.

[0070] Pin 7 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R11 and pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2; the other end of resistor R11 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is used to output a disconnect command.

[0071] The IN0 to IN6 pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 are electrically connected to the P26 to P20 pins of the microcontroller, respectively, to receive control commands from the microcontroller, including output disconnection commands and alarm commands.

[0072] The OUT1 pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is connected to the alarm U3 signal, sending an alarm command to the alarm U3, and the alarm U3 issues an alarm prompt according to the alarm command;

[0073] The COM pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; the GND pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0074] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the 485 communication module includes: a 485 communication transceiver circuit and a connector circuit;

[0075] The connector circuit includes a connector, capacitor C23, and capacitor C24;

[0076] The connector includes a five-pin connector port and five pins; the five-pin connector port is used to connect to the 485 communication port of the display screen.

[0077] The connector has five pins, including pins 1 to 5. Pin 1 is used to introduce the 485A positive differential signal from the display screen, pin 2 is used to introduce the 485B negative differential signal from the display screen, pin 3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 4 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C23 and the power supply voltage VCC, and pin 5 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C24 and the +12V input voltage. The other ends of capacitor C23 and capacitor C24 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0078] The 485 communication transceiver circuit includes a 485 communication transceiver U16, resistors R28, R29, and R30, a capacitor C20, a Zener clamp diode D8, and a Zener clamp diode D9.

[0079] The 485 communication transceiver U16 includes 8 pins, namely the R pin, ... Pins: DE pin, D pin, VCC pin, B pin, A pin, and GND pin;

[0080] The R pin of the 485 communication transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the RXD3 pin of the microcontroller. The DE pin and D pin are electrically connected to the P35 pin of the microcontroller, the D pin is electrically connected to the TXD3 pin of the microcontroller, and the GND pin is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0081] The VCC pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC and one end of capacitor C20; the other end of capacitor C20 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R28 and ground GND; the other end of resistor R28 is electrically connected to the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D8, and one end of resistor R29; the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485B negative differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D8 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R29 is electrically connected to the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D9, and one end of resistor R30; the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485A positive differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D9 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R30 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC.

[0082] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the display module includes: a status indicator circuit and a power indicator circuit;

[0083] The status indication circuit includes a status indication light-emitting diode LED1 and a current-limiting resistor R17; the status indication circuit is as follows:

[0084] The anode of LED1, used for status indication, is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via a current-limiting resistor R17, and its cathode is electrically connected to pin P43 of the microcontroller.

[0085] The power indicator circuit includes a power indicator LED2 and a current-limiting resistor R18; the power indicator circuit is as follows:

[0086] The anode of the power indicator LED2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via the current-limiting resistor R18, and its cathode is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0087] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0088] 1. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device of this utility model acquires the working voltage and working current signals through a voltage and current acquisition circuit, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the laser tube power supply status.

[0089] 2. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device of this utility model judges the working status of the laser tube at the power supply load end by comparing the collected working voltage and working current thresholds; and when the laser tube power supply is abnormal, it stops the power supply output and drives the alarm module to issue an alarm prompt, thereby realizing the protection of the laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit.

[0090] 3. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device of this utility model realizes the display of working status and real-time working current and working voltage values ​​through a 485 communication module and a display module.

[0091] The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device described in this utility model is suitable for real-time monitoring of the laser tube power supply status and for open-circuit and short-circuit protection. Attached Figure Description

[0092] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0093] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 2 The circuit structure diagram of the power supply module is shown in one embodiment of this utility model.

[0095] Figure 3 This is a circuit structure diagram of a microcontroller system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the current acquisition unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 5This is a circuit diagram of the voltage acquisition unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the alarm module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the 485 communication module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the power indicator circuit and the status indicator circuit in the display module, as shown in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board of the laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional rendering of the circuit board of the laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0103] To make the technical solution and advantages of this utility model clearer, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The various embodiments described below are only some preferred embodiments of this utility model, not all of them; the various embodiments described below are intended to explain this utility model and should not be construed as limiting this utility model; reasonable combinations of the technical features defined by the various embodiments of this utility model, as well as all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort, are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0104] Implementation method 1: Laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection device, the device includes: power supply module, single-chip microcomputer system, current acquisition unit, voltage acquisition unit, 485 communication module, output and alarm module and display module;

[0105] The microcontroller system is equipped with a control unit;

[0106] The current acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the operating current signal of the laser tube power supply; the current acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired operating current signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit.

[0107] The voltage acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply; the voltage acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit.

[0108] The control unit determines the operating status of the laser tube power supply based on the acquired operating current signal and operating voltage signal, and outputs an operating status signal:

[0109] Compare the operating current signal and operating voltage signal with the given threshold values ​​respectively:

[0110] If the operating current signal is less than the given current threshold, or the operating voltage signal is greater than the given voltage threshold, then the operating state is abnormal.

[0111] Otherwise, the working status is normal;

[0112] The microcontroller system is connected to the display module via a 485 communication module, sending the operating current signal, operating voltage signal, and operating status signal to the display module; the display module displays the operating current, operating voltage, and operating status of the laser tube power supply on the interface.

[0113] The microcontroller system is connected to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module is connected to the laser tube power supply. When the working state is abnormal, the microcontroller system sends a disconnect output command to the laser tube power supply through the output and alarm module to disconnect the output of the laser tube power supply. At the same time, the microcontroller system sends an alarm command to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module issues an alarm prompt.

[0114] The power module is connected to an external power signal, and after regulating and filtering the external power, it supplies power to the microcontroller system, the 485 communication module, the output and alarm module, and the display module.

[0115] In this embodiment, the operating current signal is less than the given current threshold, i.e., the laser tube power supply is short-circuited.

[0116] In this embodiment, the operating voltage signal is greater than a given voltage threshold, i.e., the laser tube power supply is open.

[0117] In this embodiment, the external power supply connected to the power module signal is the laser tube power supply, that is, the laser tube power supply is used to power the laser tube power supply open circuit and short circuit protection device.

[0118] In this embodiment, the (original) voltage and current of the laser tube power supply are amplified by operational amplifiers and then enter the corresponding acquisition units (current acquisition unit and voltage acquisition unit) to realize the acquisition of working voltage signal and working current signal.

[0119] In this embodiment, the current acquisition unit and the voltage acquisition unit transmit the acquired operating current signal and operating voltage signal to the I / O port of the microcontroller system.

[0120] In this embodiment, the control unit is a microcontroller. The microcontroller acquires the collected operating current signal and voltage threshold signal through the microcontroller system, and compares them with the given current threshold and voltage threshold signal respectively to determine the operating status of the laser tube power supply, thereby determining the operating status of the laser tube at the power supply load end.

[0121] In this embodiment, when the laser tube is in an abnormal working state, the output of the laser tube power supply is disconnected on the one hand, and the output and alarm module is driven to issue an alarm prompt on the other hand.

[0122] In this embodiment, the microcontroller system (microcontroller) and the display module (i.e., display module) are connected by a 485 communication module to realize the real-time display of operating current, operating voltage and operating status.

[0123] Implementation Method 2: The power supply module includes a voltage regulator circuit:

[0124] The voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator Q1, a filter capacitor C11, a filter capacitor C12, and a +12V input voltage; the voltage regulator circuit is as follows:

[0125] The voltage regulator Q1 includes pin 1, pin 2, and pin 3; wherein:

[0126] Pin 1 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the input terminal, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C12 and the +12V input voltage.

[0127] Pin 2 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the ground terminal and is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND;

[0128] Pin 3 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the voltage output terminal after voltage regulation, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C11 and the power supply voltage VCC.

[0129] The other end of filter capacitor C12 and the other end of filter capacitor C11 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0130] In this embodiment, pin 2 of the voltage regulator Q1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND to provide a ground reference for the device.

[0131] In this embodiment, pin 3 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the voltage output terminal after voltage regulation, which is used to connect to subsequent circuits, such as a filter circuit.

[0132] In this embodiment, a capacitor C12 is connected in parallel between pin 1 (input terminal) of Q1 and ground; a capacitor C11 is connected in parallel between pin 3 (output terminal) and ground. These capacitors can perform preliminary filtering of the input and output voltages, and work with Q1 to achieve stable voltage output. This ensures that after the input voltage is regulated by Q1, a stable DC voltage is output from pin 3 to power the subsequent circuits.

[0133] Implementation method 3: The power supply module further includes a filtering circuit:

[0134] The filter circuit includes filter capacitors C14, C15, C16, and C17;

[0135] The filter capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 form a multi-capacitor parallel structure;

[0136] One end of the multi-capacitor parallel structure is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, forming a parallel filter network.

[0137] In this embodiment, the filter circuit utilizes the low impedance characteristic of capacitors to AC signals. When a voltage containing interference such as ripple is input through VCC, the interference signal can flow to ground through the capacitor, effectively filtering out high-frequency noise and ripple in the power supply, providing a cleaner DC power supply to the circuit, improving power quality, and ensuring stable operation of the subsequent circuits.

[0138] In this embodiment, the voltage regulator circuit works in conjunction with the filter circuit to achieve stable voltage output; the filter circuit uses multiple capacitors connected in parallel to enhance the filtering effect, and the two together form a complete power module circuit to provide high-quality power supply to the system.

[0139] Implementation method 4: The control unit is a microcontroller.

[0140] In this embodiment, the microcontroller pins include:

[0141] Power and Ground: Pins such as VCC, GND, and AVCC (analog power) ensure independent power supply for digital / analog circuits.

[0142] Serial port pins: (RXD4 / TXD4) (or pin 1 / 2), (RXD / TXD) (or pin 27 / 28), supporting multiple serial port communication (such as UART).

[0143] GPIO and peripheral pins: such as P0, P1, etc., can be expanded with functions such as ADC, PWM, SPI / I²C (pin labels include ADCx, PWMx, (SCL / SDA) etc.).

[0144] Implementation Method 5: The microcontroller system includes: a microcontroller, a power supply voltage VCC, a ground terminal GND, a filter capacitor C13, a crystal oscillator X1, a capacitor C18, a capacitor C19, an interface J4, a resistor R16, an inverter U5B, an inverter U5A, a resistor R19, an interface J3, and an interface J5.

[0145] The microcontroller system is divided into a microcontroller core circuit, a serial communication interface circuit, and an expansion interface circuit.

[0146] The microcontroller core circuit includes a microcontroller clock circuit and a microcontroller power supply circuit.

[0147] The microcontroller clock circuit is as follows:

[0148] The power supply voltage VCC is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through the filter capacitor C13 for filtering.

[0149] The ADC_AVCC analog power supply pin and XVREF reference voltage pin of the microcontroller are electrically connected to the filtered power supply voltage VCC to provide a stable power supply for the microcontroller.

[0150] The positive pin of the microcontroller's VCC power supply is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC;

[0151] The microcontroller's GND power ground pin and ADC_AGND analog ground pin are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, respectively.

[0152] The microcontroller power supply circuit is as follows:

[0153] Crystal X1 is connected between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of the microcontroller. Its two ends are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through capacitors C18 and C19 respectively, forming an oscillation circuit to generate the clock signal required for the operation of the microcontroller.

[0154] The serial communication interface circuit is as follows:

[0155] The J4 interface is used to realize the physical connection between the microcontroller and the external serial port device, supporting asynchronous serial communication;

[0156] The interface J4 is a 4-pin interface. Pin 1 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, pin 4 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R16, and pin 3 is electrically connected to the output terminal of inverter U5B.

[0157] The other end of resistor R16 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R19 and the input terminal of inverter U5A; the other end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND; the output terminal of inverter U5A is electrically connected to the RXD receiver pin of the microcontroller.

[0158] The input terminal of inverter U5B is electrically connected to the TXD transmitter pin of the microcontroller;

[0159] The expansion interface circuit is as follows:

[0160] The J3 interface is used to realize the external expansion of multiple digital signals. The J3 interface is a 10-pin interface. Its pins 1 and 2 are electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, its pins 9 and 10 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, its pins 3 to 7 are electrically connected to the P61, P62, P63, P14 and P44 pins of the microcontroller respectively, and its pin 8 is electrically connected to the positive VCC power supply pin of the microcontroller.

[0161] The J5 interface is used to realize the external expansion of a single signal; the J5 interface is a 2-pin interface, with pin 1 electrically connected to the P73 pin of the microcontroller and pin 2 electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0162] In this embodiment, the input signal from the external serial port device is received by the RXD receiver pin of the microcontroller after being inverted by inverter U5A through pin 2 of interface J4, voltage division by resistors R16 and R19 (to achieve circuit conditioning), and then received by inverter U5A.

[0163] In this embodiment, the output signal of the TXD transmitter pin of the microcontroller is inverted by inverter U5B and then connected to pin 3 of interface J4 to complete the level conversion of the transmitted signal.

[0164] In this embodiment, interface J3 is used to implement external expansion of multiple digital signals (such as GPIO, PWM, ADC, etc.).

[0165] In this embodiment, interface J5 is used to provide external extensions for single-channel signals (such as independent control signals or status feedback).

[0166] In this embodiment, the working principle of the microcontroller system is as follows:

[0167] Clock and power supply: The crystal oscillator generates an oscillation signal, which is divided by the internal circuit to become the operating clock of the microcontroller; the microcontroller power supply circuit filters out noise to ensure a stable power supply.

[0168] Serial communication: The microcontroller transmits and receives data via RXD / TXD, and the data is matched with RS232 level (external device standard) by an inverter to realize long-distance data transmission (such as program download and data interaction).

[0169] Extended functionality: J3 and J5 can be connected to peripherals such as sensors and actuators, and control and data acquisition can be achieved using the microcontroller's GPIO.

[0170] The microcontroller system is based on a microcontroller and integrates a clock, power supply, serial communication and expansion interface. It is suitable for embedded system development and can realize data processing, peripheral control and remote communication functions.

[0171] Implementation method 6: The current acquisition unit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C5, resistor R13, resistor R6, resistor R3, capacitor C22, operational amplifier U14A, operational amplifier U14B, resistor R5, resistor R22, Zener clamp diode D5, Zener clamp diode D7, resistor R7, resistor R8, high voltage negative terminal HV-, and interface J2.

[0172] Interface J2 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2;

[0173] The microcontroller's P02 pin is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6; the other end of capacitor C2 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R3 and the output terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of resistor R3 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A and one end of resistor R5; the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the positive power supply terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C22 and the power supply voltage VCC; the other end of capacitor C22 is electrically connected to ground GND.

[0174] The other end of resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D7, one end of resistor R7, one end of resistor R8, the high voltage negative terminal HV-, pin 1 of interface J2, and one end of resistor R22; the other end of Zener clamp diode D7, the other end of resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R8 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND and pin 2 of interface J2.

[0175] The other end of resistor R22 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D5 and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of Zener clamp diode D5 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0176] The inverting input terminal of op-amp U14A is electrically connected to the output terminal of op-amp U14A and one end of resistor R13; the other end of resistor R13 is electrically connected to the P12 pin of the microcontroller and one end of capacitor C5; the other end of capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0177] In this embodiment, the op-amp is an operational amplifier.

[0178] In this embodiment, the current acquisition unit uses differential amplification technology to achieve accurate sampling of the operating current.

[0179] In this embodiment, the raw current signal of the laser tube power supply is acquired through interface J2. The acquired operating current signal is then sent to the microcontroller system via the P02 and P12 pins.

[0180] In this embodiment, the current acquisition unit acquires not only the operating current of the laser tube power supply, but also its initial current; the operating current refers to the current when under load, and the initial current refers to the current when unloaded; the P02 pin of the microcontroller is used to acquire the operating current, and the P12 pin of the microcontroller is used to acquire the initial current.

[0181] By collecting the initial current, it is determined whether there are any abnormalities such as poor wiring when the laser tube power supply is unloaded, so as to ensure that the control signal of the microcontroller can be successfully transmitted to the laser tube power supply.

[0182] Implementation method 7: The voltage acquisition unit includes: current limiting resistor R24, filter capacitor C21, operational amplifier U14C, feedback resistor R23, resistor R25, interface J6, Zener clamp diode D6, resistor R26, and resistor R27.

[0183] Interface J6 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2;

[0184] The P11 pin of the microcontroller is electrically connected to one end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​and one end of the filter capacitor C21.

[0185] The other end of the filter capacitor C21 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND;

[0186] The other end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U14C and one end of the feedback resistor R23;

[0187] The other end of the feedback resistor R23 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U14C;

[0188] The non-inverting input terminal of op-amp U14C is electrically connected to one end of resistor R25;

[0189] The other end of resistor R25 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D6, one end of resistor R26, one end of resistor R27, and pin 1 of interface J6.

[0190] The other end of the Zener clamp diode D6, the other end of resistor R26, the other end of resistor R27, and pin 2 of interface J6 are electrically connected to ground GND.

[0191] In this embodiment, the raw voltage signal of the laser tube power supply is acquired through interface J6. The acquired operating voltage signal is then sent to the microcontroller system via pin P11.

[0192] In this embodiment, U14C forms a closed-loop amplifier circuit (R23 is the feedback resistor, which determines the amplification factor), which linearly amplifies the input raw voltage signal to meet the acquisition requirements of the subsequent stage.

[0193] In this embodiment, D6 is a Zener clamping diode, which, together with R26 and R27, forms a limiting circuit to prevent overvoltage from damaging the subsequent stage and to ensure the reliability of data acquisition.

[0194] Implementation Method 8: The output and alarm module includes: laser tube power connector H1, multi-channel driver chip U2, alarm U3, resistors R11, R14, and R15, capacitors C6 and C10, resistors R21 and R20, resistors R1, R2, and R4, capacitor C1, diode D1, resistor R9, capacitor C3, resistors R10 and R12, and capacitor C4;

[0195] The laser tube power connector H1 includes a ten-pin port and 10 pins; the ten-pin port of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to connect to the corresponding connector of the laser tube power supply.

[0196] The laser tube power connector H1 has 10 pins, including pins 1 to 10. Pin 4 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 6 is used to provide the power supply voltage VCC, pin 7 is used to receive the disconnect output command, pin 8 is used to provide the +12V input voltage, and pin 9 is used to provide the high voltage negative terminal HV-.

[0197] The multi-channel driver chip U2 includes input pins, output pins, power supply pins, and ground pins. The input pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include IN0 to IN6 pins, which are used to receive instructions from the microcontroller system. The output pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include OUT1 to OUT6 and OUT10 pins. The power supply pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the COM pin. The ground pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the GND pin.

[0198] The alarm U3 is powered by power supply voltage VCC.

[0199] Pin 1 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R21 and one end of resistor R1; the other end of resistor R21 is electrically connected to pin P00 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

[0200] Pin 2 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R20 and one end of resistor R2; the other end of resistor R20 is electrically connected to pin P01 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC.

[0201] Pin 3 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1; the positive terminal of diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R4, one end of capacitor C1, and pin P27 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; and the other end of capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0202] Pin 5 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R9; the other end of resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C3 and pin P03 of the microcontroller; the other end of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to ground GND.

[0203] Pin 6 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R10; the other end of resistor R10 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R12, one end of capacitor C4, and pin P10 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R12 and the other end of capacitor C4 are electrically connected to ground GND.

[0204] Pin 7 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R11 and pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2; the other end of resistor R11 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is used to output a disconnect command.

[0205] The IN0 to IN6 pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 are electrically connected to the P26 to P20 pins of the microcontroller, respectively, to receive control commands from the microcontroller, including output disconnection commands and alarm commands.

[0206] The OUT1 pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is connected to the alarm U3 signal, sending an alarm command to the alarm U3, and the alarm U3 issues an alarm prompt according to the alarm command;

[0207] The COM pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; the GND pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0208] In this embodiment, pin 1 (TH) and pin 2 (TL) of the laser tube power connector H1 are two pins for controlling the operation of the laser machine, respectively receiving control commands sent by the microcontroller's P00 pin and P01 pin.

[0209] In this embodiment, pin 3 (i.e., WP_IN) of the laser tube power connector H1 is a water protection signal input pin, which receives the control command water protection signal sent by the P27 pin of the microcontroller.

[0210] In this embodiment, pin 5 (i.e., P_IN) of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to adjust the laser output current and receives the laser output current control signal sent by P03 of the microcontroller.

[0211] In this embodiment, pin 6 (i.e., VCC) of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to adjust the laser output voltage and receives the laser output voltage control signal sent by P10 of the microcontroller.

[0212] In this embodiment, pin 10 (i.e. GY) of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to detect the high voltage of the laser.

[0213] Implementation method 9: The 485 communication module includes: a 485 communication transceiver circuit and a connector circuit;

[0214] The connector circuit includes a connector, capacitor C23, and capacitor C24;

[0215] The connector includes a five-pin connector port and five pins; the five-pin connector port is used to connect to the 485 communication port of the display screen.

[0216] The connector has five pins, including pins 1 to 5. Pin 1 is used to introduce the 485A positive differential signal from the display screen, pin 2 is used to introduce the 485B negative differential signal from the display screen, pin 3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 4 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C23 and the power supply voltage VCC, and pin 5 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C24 and the +12V input voltage. The other ends of capacitor C23 and capacitor C24 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0217] The 485 communication transceiver circuit includes a 485 communication transceiver U16, resistors R28, R29, and R30, a capacitor C20, a Zener clamp diode D8, and a Zener clamp diode D9.

[0218] The 485 communication transceiver U16 includes 8 pins, namely the R pin, ... Pins: DE pin, D pin, VCC pin, B pin, A pin, and GND pin;

[0219] The R pin of the 485 communication transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the RXD3 pin of the microcontroller. The DE pin and D pin are electrically connected to the P35 pin of the microcontroller, the D pin is electrically connected to the TXD3 pin of the microcontroller, and the GND pin is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0220] The VCC pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC and one end of capacitor C20; the other end of capacitor C20 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R28 and ground GND; the other end of resistor R28 is electrically connected to the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D8, and one end of resistor R29; the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485B negative differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D8 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R29 is electrically connected to the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D9, and one end of resistor R30; the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485A positive differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D9 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R30 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC.

[0221] In this embodiment, the pin port of the connector is used to connect to the 485 communication port of the display screen of the display module.

[0222] In this embodiment, the five pins of the connector correspond one-to-one with the five pins of the five-pin connector port.

[0223] In this embodiment, the R pin of the 485 communication transceiver U16 is the receiver output pin, which is electrically connected to the RXD3 pin of the microcontroller and is used to output the serial data demodulated by the RS-485 bus to the microcontroller (to receive data from the display screen).

[0224] In this embodiment, the 485 communication transceiver U16 The RE pin enables the receiver (active low), and the DE pin enables the driver (active high). When RE=0, the receiver is enabled, and the 485 bus signal is demodulated into a digital signal and output to the R pin. When DE=1, the transmitter is enabled, and the microcontroller signal is driven to the 485 bus. Both the DE pin and the DE pin are electrically connected to the P35 pin of the microcontroller to implement joint control logic.

[0225] When transmitting: P35 outputs a high level → DE=1 and RE is invalid → data is transmitted;

[0226] During reception: P35 outputs a low level → RE=0 and DE is invalid → Data is received.

[0227] In this embodiment, the D pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is the driver input pin, which is electrically connected to the TXD3 pin of the microcontroller. It is used to receive serial data sent by the microcontroller and output it to the 485 bus (A / B pin) after being driven.

[0228] In this embodiment, pin A of the 485 transceiver U16 is the positive differential signal input / output (A+) pin, and its function is as follows:

[0229] Input: Receives a 485A positive differential signal from the display screen;

[0230] Output: When transmitting, the digital signal is converted into a positive differential voltage and sent to the bus.

[0231] In this embodiment, pin B of the 485 transceiver U16 is the negative differential signal input / output (B-) pin, and its function is as follows:

[0232] Input: Receives a 485B negative differential signal from the display screen;

[0233] Output: When transmitting, the digital signal is converted into a negative differential voltage and sent to the bus.

[0234] Implementation method 10: The display module includes: a status indicator circuit and a power indicator circuit;

[0235] The status indication circuit includes a status indication light-emitting diode LED1 and a current-limiting resistor R17; the status indication circuit is as follows:

[0236] The anode of LED1, used for status indication, is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via a current-limiting resistor R17, and its cathode is electrically connected to pin P43 of the microcontroller.

[0237] The power indicator circuit includes a power indicator LED2 and a current-limiting resistor R18; the power indicator circuit is as follows:

[0238] The anode of the power indicator LED2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via the current-limiting resistor R18, and its cathode is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

[0239] In this embodiment, current-limiting resistors R17 and R18 are connected in series in the LED1 and LED2 circuits respectively to limit the LED operating current and prevent overcurrent damage.

[0240] In this embodiment, the working principle of the status indicator circuit is as follows:

[0241] LED1 is controlled by a microcontroller program to turn on and off.

[0242] After the system is powered on, if the P43 pin outputs a low level (set low after program initialization), LED1 will be forward-biased and illuminate, indicating that the laser tube power supply is working normally (i.e., the control unit judges the laser tube power supply to be working normally); if the P43 pin outputs a high level (or is floating), LED1 will be cut off, indicating a fault state (i.e., the control unit judges the laser tube power supply to be working abnormally).

[0243] The output level of the P43 pin of the microcontroller (i.e., the control unit) is determined based on the judgment result of the working status of the laser tube power supply.

[0244] In this embodiment, the power indicator circuit works as follows:

[0245] The light will remain on as long as the power supply voltage VCC is normal (basic mode), indicating that the display module is powered on normally.

[0246] In this embodiment, the display module further includes a display screen, which is not shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0247] The above description of the technical solution provided by this utility model through several specific embodiments is intended to highlight the advantages and benefits of the technical solution provided by this utility model. However, the above-described specific embodiments are not intended to limit this utility model. Any reasonable modifications and improvements to this utility model, reasonable combinations of embodiments, and equivalent substitutions based on the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device, characterized in that, The device includes: a power supply module, a microcontroller system, a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a 485 communication module, an output and alarm module, and a display module; The microcontroller system is equipped with a control unit; The current acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the operating current signal of the laser tube power supply; the current acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired operating current signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit. The voltage acquisition unit is connected to the laser tube power supply signal to acquire the working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply; the voltage acquisition unit is also connected to the microcontroller system signal to send the acquired working voltage signal of the laser tube power supply to the control unit. The control unit determines the operating status of the laser tube power supply based on the acquired operating current signal and operating voltage signal, and outputs an operating status signal: Compare the operating current signal and operating voltage signal with the given threshold values ​​respectively: If the operating current signal is less than the given current threshold, or the operating voltage signal is greater than the given voltage threshold, then the operating state is abnormal. Otherwise, the working status is normal; The microcontroller system is connected to the display module via a 485 communication module, sending the operating current signal, operating voltage signal, and operating status signal to the display module; the display module displays the operating current, operating voltage, and operating status of the laser tube power supply on the interface. The microcontroller system is connected to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module is connected to the laser tube power supply. When the working state is abnormal, the microcontroller system sends a disconnect output command to the laser tube power supply through the output and alarm module to disconnect the output of the laser tube power supply. At the same time, the microcontroller system sends an alarm command to the output and alarm module, and the output and alarm module issues an alarm prompt. The power module is connected to an external power signal, and after regulating and filtering the external power, it supplies power to the microcontroller system, the 485 communication module, the output and alarm module, and the display module.

2. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a voltage regulator circuit: The voltage regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator Q1, a filter capacitor C11, a filter capacitor C12, and a +12V input voltage; the voltage regulator circuit is as follows: The voltage regulator Q1 includes pin 1, pin 2, and pin 3; wherein: Pin 1 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the input terminal, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C12 and the +12V input voltage. Pin 2 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the ground terminal and is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND; Pin 3 of the voltage regulator Q1 is the voltage output terminal after voltage regulation, which is electrically connected to one end of the filter capacitor C11 and the power supply voltage VCC. The other end of filter capacitor C12 and the other end of filter capacitor C11 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND.

3. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module also includes a filtering circuit: The filter circuit includes filter capacitors C14, C15, C16, and C17; The filter capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 form a multi-capacitor parallel structure; One end of the multi-capacitor parallel structure is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, forming a parallel filter network.

4. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is a microcontroller.

5. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcontroller system includes: a microcontroller core circuit, a serial communication interface circuit, and an expansion interface circuit; The microcontroller core circuit includes a microcontroller clock circuit and a microcontroller power supply circuit. The microcontroller clock circuit is as follows: The power supply voltage VCC is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through the filter capacitor C13 for filtering. The ADC_AVCC analog power supply pin and XVREF reference voltage pin of the microcontroller are electrically connected to the filtered power supply voltage VCC to provide a stable power supply for the microcontroller. The positive pin of the microcontroller's VCC power supply is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; The microcontroller's GND power ground pin and ADC_AGND analog ground pin are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, respectively. The microcontroller power supply circuit is as follows: Crystal X1 is connected between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of the microcontroller. Its two ends are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND through capacitors C18 and C19 respectively, forming an oscillation circuit to generate the clock signal required for the operation of the microcontroller. The serial communication interface circuit is as follows: The J4 interface is used to realize the physical connection between the microcontroller and the external serial port device, supporting asynchronous serial communication; The interface J4 is a 4-pin interface. Pin 1 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, pin 4 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 2 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R16, and pin 3 is electrically connected to the output terminal of inverter U5B. The other end of resistor R16 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R19 and the input terminal of inverter U5A; the other end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND; the output terminal of inverter U5A is electrically connected to the RXD receiver pin of the microcontroller. The input terminal of inverter U5B is electrically connected to the TXD transmitter pin of the microcontroller; The expansion interface circuit is as follows: The J3 interface is used to realize the external expansion of multiple digital signals. The J3 interface is a 10-pin interface. Its pins 1 and 2 are electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC, its pins 9 and 10 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, its pins 3 to 7 are electrically connected to the P61, P62, P63, P14 and P44 pins of the microcontroller respectively, and its pin 8 is electrically connected to the positive VCC power supply pin of the microcontroller. The J5 interface is used to realize the external expansion of a single signal; the J5 interface is a 2-pin interface, with pin 1 electrically connected to the P73 pin of the microcontroller and pin 2 electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

6. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current acquisition unit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C5, resistor R13, resistor R6, resistor R3, capacitor C22, operational amplifier U14A, operational amplifier U14B, resistor R5, resistor R22, Zener clamp diode D5, Zener clamp diode D7, resistor R7, resistor R8, high voltage negative terminal HV-, and interface J2. Interface J2 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2; The microcontroller's P02 pin is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6; the other end of capacitor C2 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R6 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R3 and the output terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of resistor R3 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A and one end of resistor R5; the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the ground terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to ground GND; the positive power supply terminal of operational amplifier U14A is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C22 and the power supply voltage VCC; the other end of capacitor C22 is electrically connected to ground GND. The other end of resistor R5 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D7, one end of resistor R7, one end of resistor R8, the high voltage negative terminal HV-, pin 1 of interface J2, and one end of resistor R22; the other end of Zener clamp diode D7, the other end of resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R8 are electrically connected to ground terminal GND and pin 2 of interface J2. The other end of resistor R22 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D5 and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U14A; the other end of Zener clamp diode D5 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND. The inverting input terminal of op-amp U14A is electrically connected to the output terminal of op-amp U14A and one end of resistor R13; the other end of resistor R13 is electrically connected to the P12 pin of the microcontroller and one end of capacitor C5; the other end of capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

7. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage acquisition unit includes: current limiting resistor R24, filter capacitor C21, operational amplifier U14C, feedback resistor R23, resistor R25, interface J6, Zener clamp diode D6, resistor R26, and resistor R27. Interface J6 is a 2-pin interface, including pin 1 and pin 2; The P11 pin of the microcontroller is electrically connected to one end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​and one end of the filter capacitor C21. The other end of the filter capacitor C21 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND; The other end of the current-limiting resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U14C and one end of the feedback resistor R23; The other end of the feedback resistor R23 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U14C; The non-inverting input terminal of op-amp U14C is electrically connected to one end of resistor R25; The other end of resistor R25 is electrically connected to one end of Zener clamp diode D6, one end of resistor R26, one end of resistor R27, and pin 1 of interface J6. The other end of the Zener clamp diode D6, the other end of resistor R26, the other end of resistor R27, and pin 2 of interface J6 are electrically connected to ground GND.

8. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The output and alarm module includes: laser tube power connector H1, multi-channel driver chip U2, alarm U3, resistors R11, R14, and R15, capacitors C6 and C10, resistors R21 and R20, resistors R1, R2, and R4, capacitor C1, diode D1, resistor R9, capacitor C3, resistors R10 and R12, and capacitor C4. The laser tube power connector H1 includes a ten-pin port and 10 pins; the ten-pin port of the laser tube power connector H1 is used to connect to the corresponding connector of the laser tube power supply. The laser tube power connector H1 has 10 pins, including pins 1 to 10. Pin 4 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 6 is used to provide the power supply voltage VCC, pin 7 is used to receive the disconnect output command, pin 8 is used to provide the +12V input voltage, and pin 9 is used to provide the high voltage negative terminal HV-. The multi-channel driver chip U2 includes input pins, output pins, power supply pins, and ground pins. The input pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include IN0 to IN6 pins, which are used to receive instructions from the microcontroller system. The output pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 include OUT1 to OUT6 and OUT10 pins. The power supply pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the COM pin. The ground pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is the GND pin. The alarm U3 is powered by power supply voltage VCC. Pin 1 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R21 and one end of resistor R1; the other end of resistor R21 is electrically connected to pin P00 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to ground terminal GND. Pin 2 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R20 and one end of resistor R2; the other end of resistor R20 is electrically connected to pin P01 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC. Pin 3 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1; the positive terminal of diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R4, one end of capacitor C1, and pin P27 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; and the other end of capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. Pin 5 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R9; the other end of resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C3 and pin P03 of the microcontroller; the other end of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to ground GND. Pin 6 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R10; the other end of resistor R10 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R12, one end of capacitor C4, and pin P10 of the microcontroller; the other end of resistor R12 and the other end of capacitor C4 are electrically connected to ground GND. Pin 7 of the laser tube power connector H1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R11 and pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2; the other end of resistor R11 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; pin OUT10 of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is used to output a disconnect command. The IN0 to IN6 pins of the multi-channel driver chip U2 are electrically connected to the P26 to P20 pins of the microcontroller, respectively, to receive control commands from the microcontroller, including output disconnection commands and alarm commands. The OUT1 pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is connected to the alarm U3 signal, sending an alarm command to the alarm U3, and the alarm U3 issues an alarm prompt according to the alarm command; The COM pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC; the GND pin of the multi-channel driver chip U2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

9. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The 485 communication module includes: a 485 communication transceiver circuit and a connector circuit; The connector circuit includes a connector, capacitor C23, and capacitor C24; The connector includes a five-pin connector port and five pins; the five-pin connector port is used to connect to the 485 communication port of the display screen. The connector has five pins, including pins 1 to 5. Pin 1 is used to introduce the 485A positive differential signal from the display screen, pin 2 is used to introduce the 485B negative differential signal from the display screen, pin 3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, pin 4 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C23 and the power supply voltage VCC, and pin 5 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C24 and the +12V input voltage. The other ends of capacitor C23 and capacitor C24 are electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. The 485 communication transceiver circuit includes a 485 communication transceiver U16, resistors R28, R29, and R30, a capacitor C20, a Zener clamp diode D8, and a Zener clamp diode D9. The 485 communication transceiver U16 includes 8 pins, namely the R pin, ... Pins: DE pin, D pin, VCC pin, B pin, A pin, and GND pin; The R pin of the 485 communication transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the RXD3 pin of the microcontroller. The DE pin and D pin are electrically connected to the P35 pin of the microcontroller, the D pin is electrically connected to the TXD3 pin of the microcontroller, and the GND pin is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND. The VCC pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC and one end of capacitor C20; the other end of capacitor C20 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R28 and ground GND; the other end of resistor R28 is electrically connected to the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D8, and one end of resistor R29; the B pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485B negative differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D8 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R29 is electrically connected to the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16, one end of Zener clamp diode D9, and one end of resistor R30; the A pin of the 485 transceiver U16 is used to input the 485A positive differential signal of the display screen; the other end of Zener clamp diode D9 is electrically connected to ground GND; the other end of resistor R30 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC.

10. The laser tube power supply open-circuit and short-circuit protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The display module includes: a status indicator circuit and a power indicator circuit; The status indication circuit includes a status indication light-emitting diode LED1 and a current-limiting resistor R17; the status indication circuit is as follows: The anode of LED1, used for status indication, is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via a current-limiting resistor R17, and its cathode is electrically connected to pin P43 of the microcontroller. The power indicator circuit includes a power indicator LED2 and a current-limiting resistor R18; the power indicator circuit is as follows: The anode of the power indicator LED2 is electrically connected to the power supply voltage VCC via the current-limiting resistor R18, and its cathode is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.

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