Motor stator welding and rounding integrated equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of motor stator welding circle integration equipment of splicing, including rack, the rack bottom is equipped with control cavity, control unit is equipped in the control cavity, rack middle part is equipped with workbench, the workbench middle part is rotatably equipped with protractor, the protractor annularly is equipped with several clamping blocks, the workbench is equipped with the driving assembly for driving the rotation of the protractor, the workbench is annularly located protractor outside and is equipped with feeding assembly, soldering assembly, detection assembly, assembly component and material rejection component in sequence, driving coil winding sequentially passes through soldering assembly, detection assembly, assembly component and material rejection component realizes assembly with stator core, simultaneously, unqualified coil winding is rejected by material rejection component, improve the yield of stator assembly production assembly, and the assembly cooperation of stator assembly is replaced by mechanical instead of manual, reduce the labor intensity of worker, improve the production efficiency and yield of stator assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of stator assembly processing equipment, and in particular to an integrated equipment for welding and assembling motor stators. Background Technology

[0002] Existing motor cores are made by laminating laminations. The main types of laminations are annular stator laminations and spiral-wound stator laminations. Annular stator laminations are generally made by stamping a single ring, which involves directly stamping the desired finished product onto a raw material substrate using a mold. Multiple annular stator laminations are then stacked to form the core. After the core is made, the coil windings need to be installed onto the core surface to assemble it into a stator assembly. Current technology generally involves manually installing the coil windings onto the outside of the stator assembly or processing the stator assembly on a stator assembly production line. However, manual assembly is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient. Furthermore, existing production lines are complex and make it difficult to quickly inspect and assemble the coil windings of the stator assembly, resulting in poor practicality. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated welding and assembly equipment for motor stators to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators, comprising a frame, a control cavity at the bottom of the frame, a control unit inside the control cavity, a worktable in the middle of the frame, an indexing plate rotatably mounted in the middle of the worktable, a plurality of clamping blocks arranged in a ring around the indexing plate, a drive assembly for driving the indexing plate to rotate on the worktable, and a feeding assembly, a soldering assembly, a detection assembly, an assembly assembly, and a rejection assembly arranged in a ring around the outer side of the indexing plate on the worktable.

[0005] Preferably, the clamping block includes a clamping seat, the clamping seat has a snap-fit ​​cavity in the middle, and snap-fit ​​plates are symmetrically arranged in the snap-fit ​​cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the drive assembly includes an indexer with an output end connected to the indexing plate on the top of the worktable, a reducer on one side of the indexer, and a drive motor on one side of the reducer.

[0007] Preferably, the feeding assembly includes a feeding rack on one side of the frame, with a support plate and a support shaft at both ends of the bottom of the feeding rack, a linear module one at the top of the feeding rack, a linear module two connected to the output end of the linear module one, a mounting plate connected to the output end of the linear module two, a linear module three on one side of the mounting plate, a rotary cylinder connected to the output end of the linear module three, an electric gripper one connected to the output end of the rotary cylinder, and a sensor connected to one side of the electric gripper.

[0008] Preferably, the soldering assembly includes several support columns on one side of the feeding assembly, the top of the support columns are connected to a soldering module one, the output end of the soldering module one is connected to a soldering module two, the output end of the soldering module two is connected to a soldering machine, and the workbench is located at the bottom of the soldering machine and has a solder box.

[0009] Preferably, the detection assembly includes a detection frame on one side of the solder assembly, a detection cylinder on one side of the detection frame, a probe detection board connected to the output end of the detection cylinder, and a plurality of detection probes in the middle of the probe detection board.

[0010] Preferably, the assembly component includes a slide cylinder on one side of the detection component, a cylinder plate connected to the output end of the slide cylinder, a double-rod adjusting cylinder connected to the top of the cylinder plate, a material-pulling plate connected to the output end of the double-rod adjusting cylinder, and a material-pulling head at one end of the material-pulling plate.

[0011] Preferably, the material rejection assembly includes a material rejection cylinder provided on one side of the assembly assembly, an L-shaped connecting plate connected to the output end of the material rejection cylinder, an electric gripper II provided on the top of the L-shaped connecting plate, and a waste box provided at the bottom of the workbench located at the electric gripper II.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the rack is equipped with a host, a control panel is provided on one side of the host, a display screen is provided in the center of the control panel, and several control buttons are provided on one side of the display screen.

[0013] Preferably, the frame is provided with casters at the four corners of the bottom, and a foot cup is provided on one side of each caster.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. The feeding assembly connects to an external coil winding processing production line to pick up and feed the processed coil windings. The feeding assembly then engages the picked-up coil windings with corresponding clamping blocks on the side of the indexing plate, thus loading the coil windings. The drive assembly then rotates the indexing plate sequentially, driving the coil windings through the soldering assembly, inspection assembly, assembly assembly, and rejection assembly. This facilitates the soldering and inspection of the coil winding joints, as well as the assembly of the coil windings and stator assemblies. Defective coil windings are removed by the rejection assembly, improving the yield rate of stator assembly production. Furthermore, by replacing manual labor in the assembly of stator assemblies, the machine reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves the production efficiency and yield rate of stator assemblies.

[0016] 2. By installing the snap-fit ​​plate to the corresponding position of the snap-fit ​​cavity, the clamping block is assembled. Then, by fixing the clamping seat to the corresponding indexing installation position of the indexing plate, it is easy for the snap-fit ​​plates on both sides to be inserted and matched with the coil winding, so as to realize the feeding and conveying operation of the coil winding, which is convenient for subsequent processing and production.

[0017] 3. After soldering, the coil winding will be further driven to the side of the inspection component via the indexing plate. The inspection probe will be driven to rise and fall by the inspection cylinder so that the soldered coil winding can be inspected by the inspection probe. The coil winding that passes the inspection will be assembled with the stator core. The coil winding that fails the inspection will be rejected by the rejection component and collected in the scrap box for subsequent processing.

[0018] 4. By controlling the slide cylinder to drive the cylinder plate to move the double-rod adjusting cylinder to one side of the indexing plate, the double-rod adjusting cylinder simultaneously drives the material feeding plate to extend and retract, so that the material feeding head is inserted into the middle of the corresponding clamping block. Then, by controlling the slide cylinder to drive the cylinder plate to move the double-rod adjusting cylinder to the side away from the indexing plate, the coil winding clamped in the middle of the clamping block is clamped and installed to the stator core side. Repeat the above steps until the surface of the stator core is fully clamped with coil windings, thereby realizing the assembly of the stator assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the interaction between this utility model embodiment and external devices.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is an enlarged structural diagram of point A in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a first-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the workbench assembly in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a second-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the workbench assembly in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural diagram of section B in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the coil winding in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stator core in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stator assembly in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Control cavity; 3. Control unit; 4. Worktable; 5. Indexing plate; 6. Clamping block; 61. Clamping seat; 62. Snap-fit ​​cavity; 63. Snap-fit ​​plate; 7. Drive assembly; 71. Indexer; 72. Reducer; 73. Drive motor; 8. Feeding assembly; 81. Feeding rack; 82. Support plate; 83. Support shaft; 84. Linear module one; 85. Linear module two; 86. Mounting plate; 87. Linear module three; 88. Rotary cylinder; 89. Electric gripper one; 810. Sensor; 9. Soldering assembly; 91. Support column; 92. Soldering module one; 93. Soldering module two; 94. Soldering machine; 95. Solder box; 10. Inspection component; 101. Inspection frame; 102. Inspection cylinder; 103. Probe inspection board; 104. Inspection probe; 11. Assembly component; 111. Slide cylinder; 112. Cylinder plate; 113. Double rod adjusting cylinder; 114. Feeding plate; 115. Feeding head; 12. Rejection component; 121. Rejection cylinder; 122. L-shaped connecting plate; 123. Electric gripper II; 124. Scrap box; 13. Main unit; 14. Control panel; 15. Display screen; 16. Control buttons; 17. Casters; 18. Foot cups; 19. Robotic arm; 20. Material preparation equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] Please see Figures 1 to 9This utility model provides an integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators, including a frame 1. A control cavity 2 is located at the bottom of the frame 1, and a control unit 3 is located within the control cavity 2. A worktable 4 is located in the middle of the frame 1, and an indexing plate 5 is rotatably mounted in the middle of the worktable 4. Several clamping blocks 6 are arranged in a ring around the indexing plate 5. The worktable 4 is equipped with a drive assembly 7 for driving the indexing plate 5 to rotate. A feeding assembly 8, a soldering assembly 9, a detection assembly 10, an assembly assembly 11, and a rejection assembly 12 are arranged in a ring around the outer side of the indexing plate 5. The feeding assembly 8 connects to an external coil winding processing production line to perform the feeding operation on the processed coil windings. Then, the control assembly 3... The feeding assembly 8 engages the gripped coil winding with the corresponding clamping block 6 on the side of the indexing plate 5 to perform the feeding operation. The coil winding, clamped to the indexing plate 5, is driven by the drive assembly 7 to rotate the indexing plate 5 sequentially, driving it through the soldering assembly 9, the inspection assembly 10, the assembly assembly 11, and the rejection assembly 12. This facilitates the soldering and inspection of the coil winding joints, as well as the assembly of the coil winding and the stator assembly. At the same time, unqualified coil windings are rejected by the rejection assembly 12, improving the yield rate of stator assembly production. Furthermore, by replacing manual labor with machinery in the assembly of stator assemblies, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the production efficiency and yield rate of stator assemblies are improved.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, specifically, the clamping block 6 includes a clamping seat 61, with a snap-fit ​​cavity 62 in the middle of the clamping seat 61. Snap-fit ​​plates 63 are symmetrically arranged inside the snap-fit ​​cavity 62. By installing the snap-fit ​​plates 63 to the corresponding positions of the snap-fit ​​cavity 62, the clamping block 6 is assembled. Furthermore, by fixing the clamping seat 61 to the indexing installation position corresponding to the indexing plate 5, it is convenient for the snap-fit ​​plates 63 on both sides to be inserted and engaged with the coil winding, thereby realizing the feeding and conveying operation of the coil winding and facilitating subsequent processing and production.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, specifically, the drive assembly 7 includes an indexer 71 with an output end connected to the indexing plate 5 on the top of the workbench 4. A reducer 72 is provided on one side of the indexer 71, and a drive motor 73 is provided on one side of the reducer 72. By controlling the drive motor 73 to start the indexer 71, the indexing plate 5 is driven to rotate, thereby causing the clamping block 6 to drive the coil winding after loading to pass through the soldering assembly 9, the detection assembly 10, the assembly assembly 11, and the rejection assembly 12 in sequence, realizing the soldering and detection of the coil winding joints, as well as the assembly operation of the coil winding and the stator assembly, improving the convenience of stator assembly processing and production.

[0033] Specifically, the drive motor 73, reducer 72 and indexer 71 are all existing technologies, so they will not be described in detail. The drive motor 73 is started by the control unit 3 in the control cavity 2, and the indexer 71 is driven by the reducer 72 to drive the indexing plate 5 to rotate, so as to realize the transportation and processing of the coil winding.

[0034] Specifically, the control unit 3 inside the control cavity 2 is an integrated set of existing electrical components, which facilitates the control of the normal operation of the equipment.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, preferably, the feeding assembly 8 includes a feeding rack 81 provided on one side of the frame 1. Support plates 82 and support shafts 83 are respectively provided at both ends of the bottom of the feeding rack 81. A linear module 1 84 is provided on the top of the feeding rack 81. A linear module 2 85 is connected to the output end of the linear module 1 84. A mounting plate 86 is connected to the output end of the linear module 2 85. A linear module 3 87 is provided on one side of the mounting plate 86. A rotary cylinder 88 is connected to the output end of the linear module 3 87. An electric gripper 89 is connected to the output end of the rotary cylinder 88. A sensor 810 is connected to the side of the 89. The control unit 3 controls the linear modules 84, 85, and 87 to work together to drive the electric gripper 89 to move in space (i.e., move in the X, Y, and Z axes). The angle is adjusted by the rotary cylinder 88 so that the electric gripper 89 can dock with the external coil winding processing production line to pick up and load the processed coil windings. The sensor 810 detects whether the output end of the electric gripper 89 has picked up a coil winding, so that the electric gripper 89 can be continuously picked up by the program to improve the production rate of the equipment.

[0036] Specifically, the soldering assembly 9 includes several support columns 91 on one side of the feeding assembly 8. The top of the support columns 91 is connected to a soldering module 92. The output end of the soldering module 92 is connected to a soldering module 93. The output end of the soldering module 93 is connected to a soldering machine 94. The workbench 4 is located at the bottom of the soldering machine 94 and has a solder box 95. The soldering assembly 9 is supported by several support columns 91 to improve its stability. The control unit 3 controls the soldering assembly 91 and the soldering module 92 to drive the soldering machine 94 to move to the corresponding soldering station. Then, the soldering machine 94 performs soldering operations on the coil windings transferred to the bottom. By driving the soldering machine 94 to the top of the solder box 95, it is convenient for the operator to clean the residue on the top of the soldering machine 94, so that the residue falls into the solder box 95 for collection and subsequent unified processing.

[0037] Specifically, the soldering module 1 92, soldering module 2 93, and soldering machine 94 are all existing equipment and will not be described further. The control unit 3 facilitates the control of soldering module 1 92 and soldering module 2 93 to drive the soldering machine 94 to move on the top of the worktable 4, so as to realize the soldering of the coil winding or the cleaning of residue on the soldering machine 94.

[0038] Specifically, the detection component 10 includes a detection frame 101 on one side of the soldering component 9, a detection cylinder 102 on one side of the detection frame 101, and a probe detection plate 103 connected to the output end of the detection cylinder 102. The probe detection plate 103 has several detection probes 104 in the middle. The soldered coil winding will be further driven to one side of the detection component 10 by the indexing plate 5. The detection cylinder 102 drives the detection probes 104 to rise and fall, so as to detect the soldered coil winding by the detection probes 104. The coil winding that passes the test will be assembled with the stator core. The coil winding that fails the test will be rejected by the rejection component 12 and collected in the waste box 124 for subsequent processing.

[0039] Specifically, the detection probe 104 is connected to the host 13 via a wire. Both the detection probe 104 and the host 13 are existing technologies, so they will not be described in detail. The detection data is transmitted to the host 13 for display, and the host 13 determines whether the detection data is qualified. The coil winding that passes the test will be assembled with the stator core through a program. If the test fails, the rejection assembly 12 will be driven by the program to reject the coil and collect it in the waste box 124.

[0040] Specifically, the assembly component 11 includes a slide cylinder 111 located on one side of the detection component 10. A cylinder plate 112 is connected to the output end of the slide cylinder 111. A double-rod adjusting cylinder 113 is connected to the top of the cylinder plate 112. A material-pulling plate 114 is connected to the output end of the double-rod adjusting cylinder 113. One end of the material-pulling plate 114 has a material-pulling head 115. By controlling the slide cylinder 111 to drive the cylinder plate 112, the double-rod adjusting cylinder 113 can be moved. The device moves to one side of the indexing plate 5, while the double-rod adjusting cylinder 113 drives the material feeding plate 114 to extend and retract, so that the material feeding head 115 is inserted into the middle of the corresponding clamping block 6. Then, the control slide cylinder 111 drives the cylinder plate 112 to drive the double-rod adjusting cylinder 113 to move away from the indexing plate 5, and clamps the coil winding that is clamped in the middle of the clamping block 6 to the stator core side. The above steps are repeated until the surface of the stator core is fully clamped with coil windings, thereby realizing the assembly of the stator assembly.

[0041] Specifically, the assembly component 11 is provided with a robotic arm 19 and an external material preparation device 20 on one side. The robotic arm 19 is a prior art technology. By setting a gripper at the output end of the robotic arm 19, it is easy to pick up the stator core prepared on the external material preparation device 20, realize the gripping and feeding operation of the stator core, and enable the robotic arm 19 to cooperate with the assembly component 11 to assemble the stator component. The assembled stator component is then picked up by the robotic arm 19 and transported to the next process of the production line.

[0042] Specifically, the rejection assembly 12 includes a rejection cylinder 121 on one side of the assembly assembly 11. The output end of the rejection cylinder 121 is connected to an L-shaped connecting plate 122. The top of the L-shaped connecting plate 122 is provided with an electric gripper 123. The worktable 4 is located at the bottom of the electric gripper 123 and has a waste box 124. By controlling the rejection cylinder 121 to drive the L-shaped connecting plate 122 to drive the electric gripper 123 to move, the electric gripper 123 will remove the coil winding transported to one side from the clamping block 6 corresponding to the indexing plate 5 and make it fall into the waste box 124 at the bottom for collection, which is convenient for subsequent unified processing.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the top of the rack 1 is provided with a host 13, the side of the host 13 is provided with a control panel 14, the center of the control panel 14 is provided with a display screen 15, and the control panel 14 is provided with several control buttons 16 on the side of the display screen 15. The host 13 is connected to the detection probe 104 through a wire, and then the data detected by the detection probe 104 is uploaded to the host 13 for display. The operating status of the device can be controlled by the control buttons 16 on the control panel 14, and the operating status data is further displayed on the display screen 15.

[0044] Specifically, the frame 1 is provided with casters 17 at the four corners of the bottom, and a foot cup 18 is provided on one side of the caster 17. Both the caster 17 and the foot cup 18 are existing technologies and are adjustable. By adjusting the caster 17 to contact the inside, it is easy to move the frame 1. By adjusting the foot cup 18 to contact the ground, it is easy to place the frame 1.

[0045] Specifically, the electric components of this application, such as the drive motor 73, linear module 1 84, linear module 2 85, linear module 3 87, and electric gripper 1 89, are all existing technologies and are connected to the control unit 3 in the control cavity 2 via wires. The control unit 3 provides power and control to this device. The pneumatic devices of this application, such as the rotary cylinder 88, are all connected to an external air supply control device via air pipes. The external air supply control device provides air circuit control to this device. The electric and pneumatic control of this device both adopt existing technologies, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0046] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In use, the feeding component 8 connects to an external coil winding processing production line to grab and feed the processed coil windings. Then, by controlling the feeding component 8, the grabbed coil windings are engaged with the corresponding clamping blocks 6 on the side of the indexing plate 5 to realize the feeding operation of the coil windings. Then, the driving component 7 drives the indexing plate 5 to rotate sequentially, driving the coil windings through the soldering component 9, the inspection component 10, the assembly component 11, and the rejection component 12 respectively. This facilitates the soldering and inspection of the coil winding joints, as well as the assembly operation of the coil windings and the stator assembly. At the same time, unqualified coil windings are rejected by the rejection component 12, improving the yield rate of stator assembly production. Furthermore, by replacing manual labor with machinery in the assembly of stator assemblies, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the production efficiency and yield rate of stator assemblies are improved.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated equipment for welding and rounding motor stators, comprising a frame (1), wherein a control cavity (2) is provided at the bottom of the frame (1), and a control unit (3) is provided inside the control cavity (2), characterized in that, The frame (1) is provided with a workbench (4) in the middle, and a dividing plate (5) is rotatably provided in the middle of the workbench (4). The dividing plate (5) is provided with a number of clamping blocks (6) in a ring. The workbench (4) is provided with a drive assembly (7) for driving the dividing plate (5) to rotate. The workbench (4) is provided with a feeding assembly (8), a soldering assembly (9), a detection assembly (10), an assembly assembly (11), and a rejection assembly (12) in a ring around the outer side of the dividing plate (5).

2. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping block (6) includes a clamping seat (61), and a snap-fit ​​cavity (62) is provided in the middle of the clamping seat (61). Snap-fit ​​plates (63) are symmetrically arranged in the snap-fit ​​cavity (62).

3. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (7) includes an indexer (71) with its output end connected to the indexing plate (5) on the top of the workbench (4), a reducer (72) on one side of the indexer (71), and a drive motor (73) on one side of the reducer (72).

4. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding assembly (8) includes a feeding rack (81) provided on one side of the frame (1). The feeding rack (81) has a support plate (82) and a support shaft (83) at both ends of its bottom. The feeding rack (81) has a linear module one (84) at its top. The output end of the linear module one (84) is connected to a linear module two (85). The output end of the linear module two (85) is connected to a mounting plate (86). The mounting plate (86) has a linear module three (87) on one side. The output end of the linear module three (87) is connected to a rotary cylinder (88). The output end of the rotary cylinder (88) is connected to an electric gripper one (89). The electric gripper one (89) has a sensor (810) connected to its side.

5. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soldering assembly (9) includes several support columns (91) on one side of the feeding assembly (8). The top of the support columns (91) is connected to a soldering module one (92). The output end of the soldering module one (92) is connected to a soldering module two (93). The output end of the soldering module two (93) is connected to a soldering machine (94). The workbench (4) is located at the bottom of the soldering machine (94) and has a solder box (95).

6. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component (10) includes a detection frame (101) provided on one side of the soldering component (9), a detection cylinder (102) provided on one side of the detection frame (101), a probe detection plate (103) connected to the output end of the detection cylinder (102), and a plurality of detection probes (104) provided in the middle of the probe detection plate (103).

7. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly component (11) includes a slide cylinder (111) provided on one side of the detection component (10). The output end of the slide cylinder (111) is connected to a cylinder plate (112). The top of the cylinder plate (112) is connected to a double rod adjusting cylinder (113). The output end of the double rod adjusting cylinder (113) is connected to a material feeding plate (114). One end of the material feeding plate (114) is provided with a material feeding head (115).

8. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material rejection assembly (12) includes a material rejection cylinder (121) provided on one side of the assembly assembly (11). The output end of the material rejection cylinder (121) is connected to an L-shaped connecting plate (122). The top of the L-shaped connecting plate (122) is provided with an electric gripper (123). The workbench (4) is located at the bottom of the electric gripper (123) and is provided with a waste box (124).

9. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack (1) has a host (13) on top, a control panel (14) on one side of the host (13), a display screen (15) in the middle of the control panel (14), and several control buttons (16) on one side of the display screen (15).

10. The integrated welding and rounding equipment for motor stators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) has casters (17) at the four corners of its bottom, and a foot cup (18) is provided on one side of each caster (17).

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