A drive control board with an embedded brushless motor

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for brushless motor drive field provides a kind of drive control panel with built-in brushless motor, it includes: PCB substrate, control chip, hall signal end, three-phase brushless motor drive end, speed control signal end, program burning end, power input end and at least three pull-up resistors;The control chip is located on PCB substrate;In the utility model, physical adaptability is excellent, and the design of the perforation and prohibited area of custom-made PCB substrate can be directly mechanically assembled with brushless motor, realize "motor+drive board" integrated built-in, compared with traditional external scheme, can reduce the internal space occupation of equipment, help product miniaturization design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of brushless motor drive, and in particular relates to a drive control board that can house a brushless motor. Background Technology

[0002] In practical applications of brushless motors, with the explosive growth in demand for "miniaturization, integration, and refinement" in industries such as consumer electronics and smart homes, traditional external brushless motor drive control solutions have gradually exposed many drawbacks:

[0003] High integration difficulty: Traditional drive boards are mostly independent external designs, without considering compact assembly with the motor body, making it difficult to embed them into the narrow space inside the product. This results in the overall size of the device not being effectively reduced. For example, some small home appliances are forced to increase the size of the shell due to the external drive board, which affects the portability and aesthetics of the product.

[0004] High circuit complexity: It relies on a large number of external discrete components (such as additional driver transistors, complex filter circuits, etc.), which not only increases material costs, but also increases the difficulty of production, soldering and debugging processes. Furthermore, it is prone to interference due to the dispersed layout of components, which reduces system stability. For example, a conventional drive scheme requires more than 10 kinds of external components, and the production yield is significantly affected by the consistency of component soldering.

[0005] Poor functional adaptability: Lack of customized design for built-in scenarios (such as no motor assembly structure, no precise current protection, etc.). When the motor is running, it is prone to stalling, burning out and other faults due to abnormal current and signal interference. It cannot meet the stringent requirements of high-end equipment for reliability and safety. For example, in small medical equipment, abnormal motor drive may directly affect the accuracy and safety of diagnosis and treatment.

[0006] Therefore, a drive control board that can integrate a brushless motor is needed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model embodiment is to provide a drive control board that can be built into a brushless motor, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A drive control board for a built-in brushless motor includes: a PCB substrate, a control chip, a Hall signal terminal, a three-phase brushless motor drive terminal, a speed control signal terminal, a program burning terminal, a power input terminal, and at least three pull-up resistors; the control chip is mounted on the PCB substrate and is a highly integrated brushless motor drive dedicated IC.

[0010] The three-phase brushless motor drive terminal is connected to an external brushless motor via a three-phase line; the Hall signal terminal is electrically connected to the control chip via a first pull-up resistor, and is used to receive Hall signal input and transmit the Hall signal to the control chip; the speed control signal terminal is electrically connected to the control chip via a second pull-up resistor, and is used to receive speed control signal input and transmit the speed control signal to the control chip; the program programming terminal is electrically connected to the control chip via a third pull-up resistor, and is used to receive debug signal input and transmit the debug signal to the control chip.

[0011] The control chip contains at least a gate driver, three PN-MOS pairs and at least one operational comparator, replacing the traditional discrete drive circuit and greatly simplifying the peripheral design.

[0012] The circuit components and interfaces include at least three pull-up resistors, a current sampling resistor, and a diode. The first pull-up resistor includes R1 and R2, the second pull-up resistor includes R7 and R8, and the third pull-up resistor includes R5 and R6. The three-phase brushless motor drive terminal, Hall signal terminal, speed control signal terminal, power input terminal, and program burning terminal are all connected to the control chip.

[0013] The three interfaces of the three-phase brushless motor drive end correspond to MOT_U, MOT_V and MOT_W respectively. They are connected to the three-phase winding leads of the brushless motor by wires or soldering to transmit PWM drive signals and control the commutation and speed of the motor.

[0014] The three interfaces of the Hall signal terminal correspond to HA_INP, HB_INP, and HC_INP, which are connected to the three signal output lines of the Hall sensor built into the brushless motor to provide real-time feedback of rotor position information.

[0015] One interface of the speed control signal terminal corresponds to the PWM pin, which inputs an external speed control signal and supports interfacing with microcontrollers and potentiometer speed control modules.

[0016] The power input terminal includes a power voltage input terminal VCC and a ground terminal GND. The power voltage input terminal VCC is grounded through capacitor C3 and diode D1. Specifically, the power voltage input terminal pin VCC is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1 and one end of capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power voltage input terminal pin GND and the other end of capacitor C3 and then grounded to provide power to the control board and motor.

[0017] The program burning terminal has five interfaces corresponding to START, F / R, BRAKE, GND, TMOOD, and RD, which are used to connect to a debugger to enable program downloading and hardware debugging.

[0018] This drive control board is used to precisely control the speed and direction of the brushless motor, and also has overcurrent protection function, making it suitable for various brushless motor application scenarios that require compact layout.

[0019] This drive control board, through a customized PCB substrate design, supports direct assembly with brushless motors, reducing the overall size of the equipment; relying on a highly integrated control chip, it reduces the number of external components, lowering costs and reducing production difficulty; it features precise speed control, real-time current monitoring, and overcurrent protection functions, ensuring stable motor operation and improving system reliability.

[0020] A further technical solution is that the pin connection relationship of the control chip is as follows:

[0021] Pins LA, SMIN, EP, and VSS are directly grounded to establish a stable ground reference, and pins LA, SMIN, EP, and VSS are directly connected to the ground plane of the PCB substrate to establish a stable reference potential.

[0022] Hall signal input: Pins HC_INP (Hall C phase input), HB_INP (Hall B phase input), and HA_INP (Hall A phase input) are Hall signal receiving terminals. They are connected to a 5V power supply through pull-up resistors R1, R2, and R3 respectively to achieve pull-up conditioning of the Hall sensor output signal, ensuring that the signal level matches the chip input requirements. The signal is transmitted to the Hall decoding module inside the chip through this path to identify the motor rotor position.

[0023] Current Sampling and Protection: The RNF (current feedback input) pin is connected to the current sampling resistor R4, and the other end of R4 is grounded. When the motor is running, the three-phase winding current flows through the MOSFET circuit and through R4. The resulting voltage signal (U=I×R4) is input to the chip's internal operational comparator and compared with a preset overcurrent threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, the chip's overcurrent protection logic is triggered, shutting off the MOSFET output and cutting off the motor power supply to prevent overload damage.

[0024] Motor drive output: Pins MOT_U (U-phase drive output), MOT_V (V-phase drive output), and MOT_W (W-phase drive output) are directly connected to the three-phase windings of the brushless motor. The chip's built-in gate driver controls the on / off timing of the three PN-MOS pairs to output PWM drive signals, thereby realizing motor commutation control.

[0025] Power supply: Pin VCC (positive terminal of chip power supply) is connected to the power supply voltage input terminal VCC and grounded through filter capacitor C2 to filter out high-frequency noise from the power supply; the power supply voltage input terminal VCC is also grounded through diode D1 (reverse connection protection diode) and capacitor C3. D1 provides reverse connection protection (D1 is cut off when connected in reverse, blocking the current path). C3 and C2 work together to form a π-type filter network to further stabilize the power supply voltage.

[0026] Speed ​​regulation and control signals: The PWM_IN pin (speed regulation signal input) is the core interface for speed regulation control. It is pulled up to 5V through resistor R7 (pin VDD5) and connected to the speed regulation control signal terminal (pin PWM) through an RC filter circuit composed of resistor R8 and capacitor C4. This realizes the filtering and shaping of the external PWM speed regulation signal. After the signal is input to the chip, it is converted into a motor speed control signal by the internal PWM decoding module.

[0027] A further technical solution involves not soldering resistors R5 and R6, which are connected to pins START and TMODE respectively, during chip debugging and programming. The debugger is directly connected to pins START, F / R, BRAKE, GND, TMODE, and RD for convenient program programming and functional debugging. Pins START (start control), TMODE (mode selection), F / R (forward / reverse control), BRAKE (brake control), and RD (debugging data output) are dedicated interfaces for debugging and programming. During normal production, pins START and TMODE can be configured with default modes via resistors R5 and R6. During the debugging phase, R5 and R6 need to be removed, and these pins can be directly connected via the debugger to achieve program programming and functional debugging.

[0028] A further technical solution is to use a two-layer board technology for the PCB substrate, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production process while meeting electrical performance requirements.

[0029] In a further technical solution, the control chip's pin VCC is grounded through capacitor C2 to achieve power filtering, improve power stability, and ensure the normal operation of the control chip and other components.

[0030] A further technical solution involves using resistors R1, R2, and R3 to pull up the Hall signal interface and the control chip, ensuring stable input of the Hall signal to the control chip and improving the accuracy of motor rotor position detection.

[0031] In a further technical solution, the current sampling resistor R4 is connected to the RNF pin of the control chip to sample the motor current in real time and transmit it to the internal comparator of the chip, so as to realize the overcurrent protection function and ensure the safety of the motor and the control board.

[0032] A further technical solution involves a PCB substrate with several vias and two through holes for mounting the support structure. The PCB substrate has a diameter of 16mm and includes a restricted area. This restricted area is electrically isolated from other circuit areas of the substrate through copper foil avoidance and solder mask coverage, preventing short circuits in the substrate circuitry caused by the metal support or screws during motor assembly and ensuring circuit safety. The restricted area is a circular structure, and both through holes are located within this restricted area, enabling mechanical connection with the brushless motor stator / housing. This ensures stable positioning of the drive board when it is installed and prevents electrical connection failures caused by vibration or displacement.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0034] This utility model has excellent physical adaptability. Through the design of through holes and prohibited areas on the customized PCB substrate, it can be directly mechanically assembled with the brushless motor, realizing the integrated "motor + drive board". Compared with the traditional external solution, it can reduce the internal space occupied by the device and help the product miniaturization design.

[0035] This utility model features a simplified and efficient circuit. Relying on the gate driver, MOS pair, and operational comparator integrated in the control chip, only a small number of resistors, capacitors, and diodes are required in the external circuit. The number of components is reduced, which lowers material costs. At the same time, the production yield is improved due to the reduction in solder joints. Furthermore, the circuit layout is compact, and the anti-interference capability is significantly enhanced.

[0036] This invention offers precise and reliable functionality. The Hall signal is conditioned by a pull-up resistor, ensuring stable input and improving the accuracy of motor commutation. The current sampling resistor, in conjunction with the chip's operational comparator, enables millisecond-level overcurrent protection response, effectively preventing burnout caused by motor stall or short circuit, thus enhancing system reliability. The speed control signal is filtered by RC, enhancing anti-interference capabilities and ensuring smooth, jitter-free speed regulation.

[0037] This invention is easy to produce and maintain, and the two-layer board process is compatible with conventional SMT production lines, reducing investment in production equipment.

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of this utility model, the following detailed description of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the PCB substrate of this utility model from the front view;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a rear three-dimensional structural diagram of the PCB substrate of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the control chip of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the speed control signal terminal of this utility model;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the Hall signal input terminal and the control signal output terminal of this utility model;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply voltage input terminal and the speed control signal input terminal of this utility model.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. PCB substrate; 2. Forbidden area; 3. Through hole; 4. Control chip; 5. Hall signal terminal; 6. Three-phase brushless motor drive terminal; 7. Via; 8. Power supply voltage input terminal VCC; 9. Power supply voltage input terminal pin GND; 10. Speed ​​control signal terminal; 11. Diode; 12. Current sampling resistor. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0047] The specific implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment of the utility model provides a drive control board that can house a brushless motor, including:

[0050] PCB substrate 1, PCB substrate 1 has a number of vias 7, PCB substrate 1 has two through holes 3 for mounting the bracket structure, PCB substrate 1 has a diameter of 16mm, and has a forbidden area 2, the forbidden area 2 is a circular structure, and the two through holes 3 are located in the forbidden area 2.

[0051] Control chip 4 is disposed on PCB substrate 1. Control chip 4 contains at least a gate driver, three PN-MOS pairs and at least one operational comparator.

[0052] The circuit components and interfaces include at least three pull-up resistors, a current sampling resistor 12, and a diode 11. The first pull-up resistor includes R1 and R2, the second pull-up resistor includes R7 and R8, and the third pull-up resistor includes R5 and R6. The three-phase brushless motor drive terminal 6, the Hall signal terminal 5, the speed control signal terminal 10, the power input terminal, and the program burning terminal are all connected to the control chip 4.

[0053] Three-phase brushless motor drive terminal 6: The interface of three-phase brushless motor drive terminal 6 is connected to the three-phase wires of the brushless motor and is used to output the signal to drive the motor to run.

[0054] Hall signal terminal 5, the interface of Hall signal terminal 5 is used to receive Hall signals and transmit them to control chip 4 to help determine the position of motor rotor;

[0055] Speed ​​control signal terminal 10: The interface of speed control signal terminal 10 is used to receive speed control signals and transmit them to control chip 4 to realize motor speed regulation.

[0056] The power input terminal includes a power voltage input terminal VCC8 and a ground terminal GND. The power voltage input terminal VCC8 is grounded through capacitor C3 and diode 11D1. Specifically, the power voltage input terminal pin VCC is connected to the negative terminal of diode 11D1 and one end of capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode 11D1 is connected to the power voltage input terminal pin GND9 and the other end of capacitor C3 and then grounded to provide power to the control board and motor.

[0057] The program programming terminal interface is used to receive control signals and transmit them to the control chip 4 for program programming and debugging.

[0058] The pin connections of control chip 4 are as follows:

[0059] Pins LA, SMIN, EP, and VSS are directly grounded to create a stable ground reference;

[0060] Pins HC_INP, HB_INP, and HA_INP are connected to pin VDD5 via resistors R1, R2, and R3 respectively, and are also connected to the corresponding Hall signal terminal 5 interface to pull up the Hall signal and ensure stable signal transmission.

[0061] The RNF pin is connected to one end of the current sampling resistor 12R4, and the other end of the current sampling resistor 12R4 is grounded, which is used to collect the motor running current signal.

[0062] Pins MOT_U, MOT_V, and MOT_W are connected to the corresponding three-phase brushless motor driver terminal 6 interface to output three-phase drive signals.

[0063] The VCC pin is connected to one end of capacitor C2, and the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. At the same time, the VCC pin is connected to the power supply voltage input terminal VCC8 to filter the power supply.

[0064] The PWM_IN pin is connected to one end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R8. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to pin VDD5. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to one end of capacitor C4 and pin PWM. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded to filter and perform level matching processing on the speed control signal.

[0065] During chip debugging and programming, resistors R5 and R6, which are connected to pins START and TMODE respectively, are not soldered. The debugger is directly connected to pins START, F / R, BRAKE, GND, TMOOD, and RD to facilitate program programming and function debugging.

[0066] The PCB substrate 1 adopts a two-layer board technology, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production process while meeting electrical performance requirements;

[0067] The control chip 4 pin VCC is grounded to the power supply voltage input terminal VCC8 through capacitor C2 to achieve power supply filtering, improve power supply stability, and ensure the normal operation of control chip 4 and other components.

[0068] The Hall signal terminal 5 interface is pulled up with the control chip 4 through resistors R1, R2, and R3 to ensure that the Hall signal is stably input to the control chip 4 and improve the accuracy of motor rotor position detection.

[0069] The current sampling resistor 12R4 is connected to pin RNF of control chip 4 to sample the motor current in real time and transmit it to the internal comparator of the chip to implement the overcurrent protection function and ensure the safety of the motor and control board.

[0070] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A drive control board for integrating a brushless motor, characterized in that, include: The PCB substrate (1), control chip (4), Hall signal terminal (5), three-phase brushless motor drive terminal (6), speed control signal terminal (10), program burning terminal, power input terminal and at least three pull-up resistors; the control chip (4) is disposed on the PCB substrate (1); The three-phase brushless motor drive terminal (6) is connected to an external brushless motor via a three-phase line; the Hall signal terminal (5) is electrically connected to the control chip (4) via a first pull-up resistor, and the Hall signal terminal (5) is used to receive Hall signal input and transmit the Hall signal to the control chip (4); the speed control signal terminal (10) is electrically connected to the control chip (4) via a second pull-up resistor, and the speed control signal terminal (10) is used to receive speed control signal input and transmit the speed control signal to the control chip (4); the program burning terminal is electrically connected to the control chip (4) via a third pull-up resistor, and the program burning terminal is used to receive debug signal input and transmit the debug signal to the control chip (4). The control chip (4) contains at least a gate driver, three PN-MOS pairs and at least one operational comparator; The circuit components and interfaces include at least three pull-up resistors, a current sampling resistor (12), and a diode (11). The first pull-up resistor includes R1 and R2, the second pull-up resistor includes R7 and R8, and the third pull-up resistor includes R5 and R6. The three-phase brushless motor drive terminal (6), the Hall signal terminal (5), the speed control signal terminal (10), the power input terminal, and the program burning terminal are all connected to the control chip (4). The three interfaces of the three-phase brushless motor drive terminal (6) correspond to MOT_U, MOT_V and MOT_W respectively, and are connected to the three-phase winding lead wires of the brushless motor by wire or welding. The three interfaces of the Hall signal terminal (5) correspond to HA_INP, HB_INP, and HC_INP, and are connected to the three signal output lines of the Hall sensor built into the brushless motor. The speed control signal terminal (10) has one interface corresponding to the PWM pin; The power input terminal includes a power voltage input terminal VCC (8) and a ground terminal GND. The power voltage input terminal VCC (8) is grounded through capacitor C3 and diode (11) D1. Specifically, the power voltage input terminal pin VCC is connected to the negative terminal of diode (11) D1 and one end of capacitor C3, and the positive terminal of diode (11) D1 is connected to the power voltage input terminal pin GND (9) and the other end of capacitor C3 and then grounded to provide power to the control board and motor. The program burning terminal has five interfaces corresponding to START, F / R, BRAKE, GND, TMOOD, and RD, which are used to connect to the debugger.

2. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pin connections of the control chip (4) are as follows: Pins LA, SMIN, EP, and VSS are directly grounded to create a stable ground reference; Pins HC_INP, HB_INP, and HA_INP are connected to pin VDD5 via resistors R1, R2, and R3 respectively, and are also connected to the corresponding Hall signal terminal (5) interface to pull up the Hall signal and ensure stable signal transmission. The pin RNF is connected to one end of the current sampling resistor (12) R4, and the other end of the current sampling resistor (12) R4 is grounded to collect the motor running current signal; Pins MOT_U, MOT_V, and MOT_W are connected to the corresponding three-phase brushless motor drive terminal (6) interfaces to output three-phase drive signals; The pin VCC is connected to one end of capacitor C2, and the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. At the same time, the pin VCC is connected to the power supply voltage input terminal VCC (8) to filter the power supply. The PWM_IN pin is connected to one end of resistor R7 and one end of resistor R8. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to pin VDD5. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to one end of capacitor C4 and pin PWM. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded, which performs filtering and level matching processing on the speed control signal.

3. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, During chip debugging and programming, resistors R5 and R6, which are connected to pins START and TMODE respectively, are not soldered. The debugger is directly connected to pins START, F / R, BRAKE, GND, TMOOD, and RD to facilitate program programming and function debugging.

4. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCB substrate (1) adopts a two-layer board technology, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production process while meeting the electrical performance requirements.

5. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control chip (4) pin VCC is grounded to the power supply voltage input terminal VCC (8) through capacitor C2 to achieve power supply filtering, improve power supply stability, and ensure the normal operation of the control chip (4) and other components.

6. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Hall signal terminal (5) interface is connected to the control chip (4) by resistors R1, R2, and R3 to ensure that the Hall signal is stably input to the control chip (4) and improve the accuracy of motor rotor position detection.

7. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sampling resistor (12) R4 is connected to the RNF pin of the control chip (4) to sample the motor current in real time and transmit it to the internal comparator of the chip to achieve overcurrent protection function and ensure the safety of the motor and control board.

8. The drive control board for a built-in brushless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCB substrate (1) has several vias (7) and two through holes (3) for mounting the bracket structure. The diameter of the PCB substrate (1) is 16mm and it has a prohibited area (2). The prohibited area (2) is a circular structure and both through holes (3) are located within the prohibited area (2).

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