A multi-axis stepper motor controller control circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of multi-shaft stepping motor controller control circuit, including main control circuit, it includes main control chip U9, main control chip U9 has two-way crystal oscillator circuit;Communication circuit, with main control circuit two-way data interaction;Input detection circuit, its output end is connected into main control circuit;Stepping motor control circuit, its output end is connected with main control circuit.The input signal of external switch, sensor etc. is transmitted to main control circuit by photoelectric isolation mode, plays the role of signal acquisition and electrical isolation protection, can avoid external interference influence main control system, main control chip U9 receives data and executes program written by user piece by piece, is driven load after operation by triode. Realize circuit communication protocol, accelerate development and troubleshooting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of motor controller control circuit technology, specifically a multi-axis stepper motor controller control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] A stepper motor is a type of electric motor that converts electrical pulse signals into corresponding angular or linear displacement. For each input pulse signal, the rotor rotates by an angle or moves forward one step. The output angular or linear displacement is proportional to the number of input pulses, and the rotational speed is proportional to the pulse frequency.

[0003] Stepper motors cannot be used like ordinary DC or AC motors under normal conditions. Directly acquiring external signals can lead to false triggering, and the lack of electrical isolation makes them susceptible to common-mode noise. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller, comprising:

[0006] The main control circuit includes a main control chip U9, which has two crystal oscillator circuits.

[0007] The communication circuit enables bidirectional data exchange with the main control circuit.

[0008] The input detection circuit has its output connected to the main control circuit.

[0009] The stepper motor control circuit has its output terminal connected to the main control circuit.

[0010] Preferably, one crystal oscillator circuit includes crystal oscillator Y1, second capacitor C14, and third capacitor C15. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the second capacitor C14, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the third capacitor C15.

[0011] The other crystal oscillator circuit includes crystal oscillator Y3, second capacitor C57, and third capacitor C56. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to second capacitor C57, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to third capacitor C56.

[0012] Preferably, the communication circuit includes an RS485 communication circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a TTL communication circuit, and an isolated power supply.

[0013] The RS485 communication circuit has a built-in core chip U11 as a transceiver. The DE / RE pins of the core chip U11 are connected to the collector of transistor Q2, and the transmit / receive switching is controlled by the 485_TX level.

[0014] The CAN communication circuit uses the CAN_TX1 pin as its interface to send outputs and connect to the CAN_TX pin of the main control chip U9. The CAN_RX1 pin as its interface to receive inputs and connect to the CAN_RX pin of the main control chip U9.

[0015] The TTL communication circuit interfaces with the USARTC serial port of the main control chip U9.

[0016] The isolation power supply provides power to the isolation side circuit, and the chip U14 of the isolation power supply provides electrical isolation transmission of TTL / CAN signals.

[0017] Preferably, the input detection circuit is equipped with multiple opto-isolated input circuits, and the optocouplers U101-U120 of the opto-isolated input circuits are used for signal isolation and interference blocking.

[0018] Preferably, the stepper motor control circuit includes a direction drive circuit and a pulse drive circuit. The direction drive circuit and the pulse drive circuit amplify the weak signal after photoelectric isolation and drive the subsequent load to achieve power amplification.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a power supply circuit, which supplies power to the main control circuit, communication circuit, input detection circuit and stepper motor control circuit.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] By employing multi-channel optocoupler isolation and transmitting input signals from external switches and sensors to the main control circuit via opto-isolation, signal acquisition and electrical isolation protection are achieved. This prevents external interference from affecting the main control system. After receiving the data, the main control chip U9 executes the user-written program line by line, performs calculations, and drives the load through a transistor. This implements the circuit communication protocol, accelerating development and troubleshooting. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the main control circuit of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication circuit of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the input detection circuit of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stepper motor control circuit of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the power supply circuit of this utility model.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Main control circuit; 2. Communication circuit; 21. RS485 communication circuit; 22. CAN communication circuit; 23. TTL communication circuit; 24. Isolation power supply; 3. Input detection circuit; 4. Stepper motor control circuit; 41. Direction drive circuit; 42. Pulse drive circuit; 5. Power supply circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] See Figures 1-5 A control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller, comprising:

[0030] Main control circuit 1, which includes main control chip U9, and main control chip U9 has two crystal oscillator circuits;

[0031] One crystal oscillator circuit includes crystal oscillator Y1, second capacitor C14, and third capacitor C15. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the second capacitor C14, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to the third capacitor C15.

[0032] The other crystal oscillator circuit includes crystal oscillator Y3, second capacitor C57, and third capacitor C56. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to second capacitor C57, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to third capacitor C56.

[0033] The PA interface pin of the main control chip U9 is connected to the ADC channel and the buzzer. The PB and PD interface pins of the main control chip U9 are connected to the serial port (USART1_TX, USART1_RX, etc.), USB related signals (USB_OTG_FS_DM, etc.), and debugging interfaces (SWDIO, SWCLK), SPI chip select (SPI1_CLK to SPI2_INT, etc.).

[0034] Communication circuit 2 interacts bidirectionally with main control circuit 1. Communication circuit 2 is responsible for data communication with the outside world. It can receive external data and transmit it to main control circuit 1. It can also transmit information sent by main control circuit 1 to external devices, thus acting as a bridge connecting the system and the outside world.

[0035] The input detection circuit 3 has its output connected to the main control circuit 1. The main function of the input detection circuit 3 is to detect certain parameters of the external environment or the internal system, convert the detected signal into an electrical signal and transmit it unidirectionally to the main control circuit 1 to provide a basis for the system's decision-making.

[0036] The stepper motor control circuit 4 has its output terminal connected to the main control circuit 1. The stepper motor control circuit 4 receives control signals from the main control circuit 1 and drives the stepper motor according to these signals to achieve precise rotation of the motor, such as controlling the motor speed, direction, and number of steps.

[0037] The circuit interacts bidirectionally with the communication circuit 2 through the main control circuit 1, meaning it can both receive external data from the communication circuit 2 and send commands or data to it. Simultaneously, it receives detection signals from the input detection circuit 3, makes judgments and decisions based on these signals, and then outputs control signals to the stepper motor control circuit 4 to achieve precise control of the stepper motor.

[0038] Power supply circuit 5 supplies power to main control circuit 1, communication circuit 2, input detection circuit 3 and stepper motor control circuit 4, and provides a stable power supply for the entire system.

[0039] The main function of power supply circuit 5 is to regulate and filter the input voltage and then output a stable voltage. The combination of multiple capacitors and inductors ensures the purity and stability of the output voltage.

[0040] The power input is connected to the circuit via a 0.5A fuse F1. A transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS0SMBJ40CA) protects the circuit from transient voltages. Diode M7 (D2) is used for circuit protection and rectification. A 1K 100MHz 3A common-mode filter L5 stores energy and filters the signal. A large-capacity 470μF / 50V electrolytic capacitor C1 filters the signal to ensure input voltage stability, and a 1μF ceramic capacitor C3 further filters the signal. A 68μH inductor L1 and a 220μF / 35V electrolytic capacitor C6 provide final filtering and energy storage. The U4 power converter chip XL1509-5V connects to the input power supply via pin 1 and outputs a converted 5V voltage via pin 2. The converted 5V voltage is then converted to 3.3V by an AMS1117-3V3 voltage regulator U2. Capacitors C9, C10, and C11 filter the signal to ensure output voltage stability. An LED is used for power indicator lighting.

[0041] The communication circuit 2 is equipped with an RS485 communication circuit 21, a CAN communication circuit 22, a TTL communication circuit 23, and an isolation power supply 24.

[0042] The RS485 communication circuit 21 has a built-in core chip U11 as a transceiver. The DE / RE pins of the core chip U11 are connected to the collector of transistor Q2. The transmit / receive switching is controlled by the 485_TX level. Bus protection resistors R12 (10K) and R13 (10K) ensure that the bus is at the default level when idle. The isolation power supply U15 (B0505S-1WR2) supplies power to the isolation side circuit to achieve power isolation. Chip U14 (π121) realizes the electrical isolation transmission of TTL signals and ensures that there is no direct electrical connection between USART1_TX / RX (non-isolated side) and 485_TX / RX (isolated side).

[0043] The CAN communication circuit 22 uses the CAN_TX1 pin for transmitting output, which is connected to the CAN_TX pin of the main control chip U9. The CAN_RX1 pin for receiving input is also connected to the CAN_RX pin of the main control chip U9. The isolation power supply U15 (B0505S-1WR2) supplies power to the isolation side circuit, achieving power isolation. The chip U14 (π121M31) digital isolator is used to achieve electrical isolation transmission of CAN signals; there is no direct electrical connection between CAN_TX / CAN_RX (non-isolated side) and CAN_TX1 / CAN_RX1 (isolated side).

[0044] TTL communication circuit 23 implements bus signals TTL level conversion, directly connected to the USARTC serial port interface of the main control chip U9;

[0045] The isolation power supply 24 supplies power to the isolation side circuit, and the chip U14 of the isolation power supply 24 provides electrical isolation transmission of TTL / CAN signals.

[0046] Input detection circuit 3 is equipped with multiple opto-isolated input circuits. The optocouplers U101-U120 of the opto-isolated input circuits are used for signal isolation and interference blocking.

[0047] This circuit is the input detection circuit 3, which is used to transmit input signals from external switches, sensors, etc. to the main control circuit 1 through opto-isolation. It plays the role of signal acquisition and electrical isolation protection, and can prevent external interference from affecting the main control system.

[0048] When the IN_K1_1 input is high (or conducting), current flows through the LED D201 (indicator light illuminates, indicating operating status), triggering the internal LED of the optocoupler through the current-limiting resistor R501. This connects the COM pin to the K1_1 pin (output level changes). The power supply is 3V3, filtered by capacitor C101 for stabilization, and a pull-up resistor R201 (10K) ensures the output default level when there is no input.

[0049] The workflow is as follows: When a valid external input signal is received, current flows through the current-limiting resistor to the LED, illuminating the LED. Simultaneously, the internal light-emitting part of the optocoupler conducts and emits light. The light-receiving part of the optocoupler conducts under light excitation, causing a change in the output level on the light-receiving side. This changed level signal is transmitted to the main control circuit, informing it of the presence of an external input signal. When the external input signal disappears (e.g., a switch is turned off), the LED turns off, the light-receiving part of the optocoupler is cut off, and the output level on the light-receiving side returns to its initial stable state (determined by the pull-up / pull-down resistors). The main control circuit then recognizes the disappearance of the signal.

[0050] The stepper motor control circuit 4 includes a direction drive circuit 41 and a pulse drive circuit 42. The direction drive circuit 41 and the pulse drive circuit 42 amplify the weak signal after photoelectric isolation and drive the subsequent load to achieve power amplification.

[0051] Stepper motor control circuit 4 is the stepper motor control circuit. It is responsible for amplifying the weak signal from the main control circuit, driving the stepper motor to move precisely, and ensuring stable output of the stepper motor direction and pulse signals.

[0052] A direction drive circuit 41 and a pulse drive circuit 42 are configured as a group, and there are several groups. The following example uses one group:

[0053] When the input DIR_1 is high, the current in the direction drive circuit 41 flows through the current-limiting resistor R40 and then through the base of transistor Q201, thus turning on transistor Q201. After turning on, OUT_DIR_1 is connected to GND, which can drive the external load. Resistor R801 limits the load current and protects transistor Q2201 and the subsequent stage. Resistor R10 is a base pull-down resistor to ensure reliable cutoff of the transistor when there is no input.

[0054] The pulse drive circuit 42 consists of a transistor Q202 and a resistor. Its function is identical to the direction drive circuit 41, except that the control signal is PUL_1. When PUL_1 is high, transistor Q202 is turned on, and OUT_PUL_1 outputs a low level. When PUL_1 is low, transistor Q202 is turned off, and the output of OUT_PUL_1 is high, determined by the pull-up resistor. During high-frequency switching, OUT_PUL_1 outputs a pulse square wave to control the stepper motor's step count. The circuit achieves the conversion from "weak signal to strong drive".

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller, characterized in that, include: The main control circuit (1) includes a main control chip U9, which has two crystal oscillator circuits. The communication circuit (2) interacts bidirectionally with the main control circuit (1); The input detection circuit (3) has its output connected to the main control circuit (1); The stepper motor control circuit (4) has its output terminal connected to the main control circuit (1).

2. The control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crystal oscillator circuit described in one path includes crystal oscillator Y1, second capacitor C14, and third capacitor C15. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to second capacitor C14, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to third capacitor C15. The other crystal oscillator circuit includes crystal oscillator Y3, second capacitor C57, and third capacitor C56. Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to second capacitor C57, and pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 is connected to third capacitor C56.

3. The control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication circuit (2) is equipped with an RS485 communication circuit (21), a CAN communication circuit (22), a TTL communication circuit (23), and an isolated power supply (24); The RS485 communication circuit (21) has a built-in core chip U11 as a transceiver. The DE / RE pin of the core chip U11 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, and the transmission and reception switching is controlled by the 485_TX level. The CAN communication circuit (22) sends output through its CAN_TX1 pin and connects to the CAN_TX pin of the main control chip U9. The CAN_RX1 pin receives input and connects to the CAN_RX pin of the main control chip U9. The TTL communication circuit (23) is connected to the USARTC serial port interface of the main control chip U9; The isolation power supply (24) supplies power to the isolation side circuit, and the chip U14 of the isolation power supply (24) provides electrical isolation transmission of TTL / CAN signals.

4. The control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input detection circuit (3) is equipped with multiple opto-isolated input circuits. The optocouplers U101-U120 of the opto-isolated input circuits are used for signal isolation and interference blocking.

5. The control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stepper motor control circuit (4) includes a direction drive circuit (41) and a pulse drive circuit (42). The direction drive circuit (41) and the pulse drive circuit (42) amplify the weak signal after photoelectric isolation and drive the subsequent load to achieve power amplification.

6. The control circuit for a multi-axis stepper motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply circuit (5), which supplies power to the main control circuit (1), communication circuit (2), input detection circuit (3) and stepper motor control circuit (4).

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